The Impact of Selected Sub-Indicators of Economic Freedom on Technological Development: A Global Assessment for 1996-2021 Period

Yusuf Ünsal

Makale detayları

The Impact of Selected Sub-Indicators of Economic Freedom on Technological Development: A Global Assessment for 1996-2021 Period

Yazarlar:

Yusuf Ünsal

Yayıncı:

Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi

Ana Başlıklar:

Panel Veri Analizi | Makro İktisat (Diğer)

Dergi:

Alanya Akademik Bakış Vol.9 Issue 2, pp.437-453

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001349377

pISSN:

2651-4192

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 This research examines the influence of selected sub-indicators of economic freedom on technological development across 50 countries from 1996 to 2021. According to neoliberal economic theory, economic growth and prosperity are achieved by enhancing economic freedom, which fosters innovation, entrepreneurship, and technological progress. The study employs Durbin-Hausman cointegration analysis to assess the long-term relationships between the variables, and both short- and long-term coefficients are estimated using the Panel ARDL method. The findings indicate that GDP per capita, human capital, business freedom, investment freedom, and government spending positively impact technology levels in the long run, whereas the tax burden, monetary freedom, and trade freedom have negative impacts. These results align with previous literature suggesting that increased economic freedom promotes innovation and entrepreneurship. However, high taxes and trade barriers inhibit technological advancement. The study proposes that policies enhancing business and investment freedom, implementing tax reforms, and achieving monetary stability will stimulate technological growth. Additionally, boosting public spending on research and development and refining international trade policies will further support innovation. Overall, the findings contribute to existing research by highlighting the varying effects of different components of economic freedom on technological advancement.

 This research examines the influence of selected sub-indicators of economic freedom on technological development across 50 countries from 1996 to 2021. According to neoliberal economic theory, economic growth and prosperity are achieved by enhancing economic freedom, which fosters innovation, entrepreneurship, and technological progress. The study employs Durbin-Hausman cointegration analysis to assess the long-term relationships between the variables, and both short- and long-term coefficients are estimated using the Panel ARDL method. The findings indicate that GDP per capita, human capital, business freedom, investment freedom, and government spending positively impact technology levels in the long run, whereas the tax burden, monetary freedom, and trade freedom have negative impacts. These results align with previous literature suggesting that increased economic freedom promotes innovation and entrepreneurship. However, high taxes and trade barriers inhibit technological advancement. The study proposes that policies enhancing business and investment freedom, implementing tax reforms, and achieving monetary stability will stimulate technological growth. Additionally, boosting public spending on research and development and refining international trade policies will further support innovation. Overall, the findings contribute to existing research by highlighting the varying effects of different components of economic freedom on technological advancement.

 This research examines the influence of selected sub-indicators of economic freedom on technological development across 50 countries from 1996 to 2021. According to neoliberal economic theory, economic growth and prosperity are achieved by enhancing economic freedom, which fosters innovation, entrepreneurship, and technological progress. The study employs Durbin-Hausman cointegration analysis to assess the long-term relationships between the variables, and both short- and long-term coefficients are estimated using the Panel ARDL method. The findings indicate that GDP per capita, human capital, business freedom, investment freedom, and government spending positively impact technology levels in the long run, whereas the tax burden, monetary freedom, and trade freedom have negative impacts. These results align with previous literature suggesting that increased economic freedom promotes innovation and entrepreneurship. However, high taxes and trade barriers inhibit technological advancement. The study proposes that policies enhancing business and investment freedom, implementing tax reforms, and achieving monetary stability will stimulate technological growth. Additionally, boosting public spending on research and development and refining international trade policies will further support innovation. Overall, the findings contribute to existing research by highlighting the varying effects of different components of economic freedom on technological advancement.

 Bu çalışma, 1996-2021 yılları arasında 50 ülke için ekonomik özgürlüğün seçilmiş alt göstergelerinin teknoloji düzeyi üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktadır. Neoliberal ekonomik teori, ekonomik büyüme ve refahın, ekonomik özgürlüğün artırılmasıyla sağlanabileceğini ve bunun yenilik, girişimcilik ve teknolojik gelişmeyi teşvik ettiğini öne sürmektedir. Bu kapsamda çalışmada, değişkenler arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişkiyi incelemek için Durbin-Hausman eşbütünleşme analizi yapılmış ve Panel ARDL yöntemi kullanılarak uzun ve kısa dönem katsayıları tahmin edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, uzun vadede kişi başına düşen GSYİH, beşeri sermaye, iş özgürlüğü, yatırım özgürlüğü ve hükümet harcamalarının teknoloji düzeyini olumlu etkilediğini, buna karşılık vergi yükü, parasal özgürlük ve ticaret özgürlüğünün olumsuz etkide bulunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bulgular, daha fazla ekonomik özgürlüğün inovasyon ve girişimcilik faaliyetlerini teşvik ettiğini savunan literatürle uyumludur. Ancak, yüksek vergi yükü ve ticaret kısıtlamaları teknolojik gelişmeyi engellemektedir. Çalışma, iş ve yatırım özgürlüğünü artıran, vergi reformları yapan ve parasal istikrarı sağlayan politikaların teknolojik ilerlemeyi teşvik edeceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, araştırma ve geliştirmeye yönelik kamu harcamalarının artırılması ve uluslararası ticaret politikalarının iyileştirilmesi de inovasyonu destekleyecektir. Bu bulgular, ekonomik özgürlüğün alt bileşenlerinin teknoloji gelişimi üzerindeki farklı etkilerini vurgulayarak literatüre katkı sunmaktadır.

Makale detayları

The Impact of Selected Sub-Indicators of Economic Freedom on Technological Development: A Global Assessment for 1996-2021 Period

Yazarlar:

Yusuf Ünsal

Yayıncı:

Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi

Ana Başlıklar:

Panel Veri Analizi | Makro İktisat (Diğer)

Dergi:

Alanya Akademik Bakış Vol.9 Issue 2, pp.437-453

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001349377

pISSN:

2651-4192

Economic Freedom

Innovation

Enterpreneurship

Panel ARDLEkonomik Özgürlük

Yenilik

Girişimcilik

Panel ARDL

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Yusuf Ünsal

Yayıncı: Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi

Ana Başlıklar: Panel Veri Analizi | Makro İktisat (Diğer)

Dergi: Alanya Akademik Bakış Vol.9 Issue 2, pp.437-453

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 5/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001349377

pISSN: 2651-4192

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Yusuf Ünsal

Yayıncı:

Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi

Ana Başlıklar:

Panel Veri Analizi | Makro İktisat (Diğer)

Dergi:

Alanya Akademik Bakış Vol.9 Issue 2, pp.437-453

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001349377

pISSN:

2651-4192