The Transformation of Right-Wing Politics in Spain: From Franco to the Center, From the Center to Vox

Celal Oral Özdemir

Makale detayları

The Transformation of Right-Wing Politics in Spain: From Franco to the Center, From the Center to Vox

Yazarlar:

Celal Oral Özdemir

Yayıncı:

Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Siyaset Bilimi (Diğer)

Dergi:

Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.13 Issue Özel Sayı, pp.205-228

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001355925

pISSN:

2147-6926

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Following the Civil War in Spain between 1936 and 1939, a dictatorial regime based on Spanish nationalism and the Catholic faith was established. This period, known as the Franco regime, ended with the elections held in 1977 and the constitution adopted in 1978. In the democratization process, UCD, the largest party of the Spanish right, and its prime minister Adolfo Suárez and King Juan Carlos I played a founding role. The new system, which centralized politics, blurred the ideological distinction between center-right parties and center-left parties. Nevertheless, the bad legacy Franco left to the Spanish right kept it out of power for a while; the country was governed by the center-left party PSOE between 1982 and 1996. After 1996, right and left politics became more balanced, and the two major parties implemented successive policies and built a growing Spain until 2008. This study argues that three major crises in Spanish politics led to the rise of far right and left-wing parties. The first of these crises is the economic crisis that has affected Spain since 2008, the second is the Catalan crisis that reached its peak with the 2017 independence referendum, and the third is the corruption crisis that the center-right party, the PP, has entered into. The aim of this study is to analyze how right-wing politics, which was built on Spanish Catholic nationalism during the Franco era, transformed into a liberal right-wing identity on the basis of Spanish citizenship during the democratization process and to examine how the politics that gathered in the center between 1977 and 2008 shifted to the extremes with the three crises.

 Following the Civil War in Spain between 1936 and 1939, a dictatorial regime based on Spanish nationalism and the Catholic faith was established. This period, known as the Franco regime, ended with the elections held in 1977 and the constitution adopted in 1978. In the democratization process, UCD, the largest party of the Spanish right, and its prime minister Adolfo Suárez and King Juan Carlos I played a founding role. The new system, which centralized politics, blurred the ideological distinction between center-right parties and center-left parties. Nevertheless, the bad legacy Franco left to the Spanish right kept it out of power for a while; the country was governed by the center-left party PSOE between 1982 and 1996. After 1996, right and left politics became more balanced, and the two major parties implemented successive policies and built a growing Spain until 2008. This study argues that three major crises in Spanish politics led to the rise of far right and left-wing parties. The first of these crises is the economic crisis that has affected Spain since 2008, the second is the Catalan crisis that reached its peak with the 2017 independence referendum, and the third is the corruption crisis that the center-right party, the PP, has entered into. The aim of this study is to analyze how right-wing politics, which was built on Spanish Catholic nationalism during the Franco era, transformed into a liberal right-wing identity on the basis of Spanish citizenship during the democratization process and to examine how the politics that gathered in the center between 1977 and 2008 shifted to the extremes with the three crises.

 Following the Civil War in Spain between 1936 and 1939, a dictatorial regime based on Spanish nationalism and the Catholic faith was established. This period, known as the Franco regime, ended with the elections held in 1977 and the constitution adopted in 1978. In the democratization process, UCD, the largest party of the Spanish right, and its prime minister Adolfo Suárez and King Juan Carlos I played a founding role. The new system, which centralized politics, blurred the ideological distinction between center-right parties and center-left parties. Nevertheless, the bad legacy Franco left to the Spanish right kept it out of power for a while; the country was governed by the center-left party PSOE between 1982 and 1996. After 1996, right and left politics became more balanced, and the two major parties implemented successive policies and built a growing Spain until 2008. This study argues that three major crises in Spanish politics led to the rise of far right and left-wing parties. The first of these crises is the economic crisis that has affected Spain since 2008, the second is the Catalan crisis that reached its peak with the 2017 independence referendum, and the third is the corruption crisis that the center-right party, the PP, has entered into. The aim of this study is to analyze how right-wing politics, which was built on Spanish Catholic nationalism during the Franco era, transformed into a liberal right-wing identity on the basis of Spanish citizenship during the democratization process and to examine how the politics that gathered in the center between 1977 and 2008 shifted to the extremes with the three crises.

 İspanyada 1936-1939 yılları arasında yaşanan İç Savaşın arından, İspanyol milliyetçiliğini ve Katolik inancı merkeze alan bir diktatörlük rejimi kurulmuştur. Franco rejimi olarak anılan bu dönem, 1977 yılında yapılan seçimler ve 1978 yılında kabul edilen anayasayla sona ermiştir. Demokratikleşme sürecinde İspanya sağının en büyük partisi olan UCD ve başbakanı Adolfo Suárez ile Kral I. Juan Carlos kurucu rol oynamıştır. Siyaseti merkezde toplayan yeni sistem, merkez sağ partilerle merkez sol parti arasındaki ideolojik ayrımı silikleştirmiştir. Ancak yine de Franconun İspanya sağına bıraktığı kötü miras, İspanya sağını bir süre iktidardan uzak tutmuş, 1982-1996 yılları arasında ülkenin merkez sol parti PSOE tarafından yönetilmesine neden olmuştur. 1996 sonrasında ise sağ ve sol siyaset daha dengeli hale gelmiş, iki büyük parti birbirinin devamı niteliğinde politikalar uygulayarak 2008e kadar büyüyen bir İspanya inşa etmiştir. Bu çalışma İspanya siyasetinde yaşanan üç büyük krizin, aşırı sağ ve sol partilerin güç kazanmasına neden olduğunu iddia etmektedir. Bu krizlerden ilki 2008 yılından itibaren İspanyada etkileri görülen ekonomik kriz, ikincisi 2017 bağımsızlık referandumuyla en üst seviyeye çıkan Katalan krizi ve üçüncü olarak da merkez sağ parti olan PPnin içine girdiği yolsuzluk krizidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Franco döneminde Katolik İspanyol milliyetçiliği üzerine inşa edilen sağ siyasetin, demokratikleşme sürecinde İspanya yurttaşlığı temelinde nasıl liberal bir sağ kimliğe dönüştüğünü analiz etmek ve 1977-2008 arasında merkezde toplanan siyasetin yaşanan üç krizle nasıl uçlara kaydığını incelemektir.

Makale detayları

The Transformation of Right-Wing Politics in Spain: From Franco to the Center, From the Center to Vox

Yazarlar:

Celal Oral Özdemir

Yayıncı:

Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Siyaset Bilimi (Diğer)

Dergi:

Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.13 Issue Özel Sayı, pp.205-228

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001355925

pISSN:

2147-6926

Spain

Right Wing Politics

Franco

PP

Voxİspanya

Sağ Siyaset

Franco

PP

Vox

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Celal Oral Özdemir

Yayıncı: Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar: Siyaset Bilimi (Diğer)

Dergi: Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.13 Issue Özel Sayı, pp.205-228

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 7/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001355925

pISSN: 2147-6926

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Celal Oral Özdemir

Yayıncı:

Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Siyaset Bilimi (Diğer)

Dergi:

Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.13 Issue Özel Sayı, pp.205-228

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001355925

pISSN:

2147-6926