From Aya Fotini Girls' School to Izmir Atatürk High School: The Adventure of a Building

Heval Şimşek Özel

Makale detayları

From Aya Fotini Girls' School to Izmir Atatürk High School: The Adventure of a Building

Yazarlar:

Heval Şimşek Özel

Yayıncı:

Hacettepe University

Ana Başlıklar:

Mimarlık Tarihi | Sanat Tarihi

Dergi:

Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.41 Issue 2, pp.435-474

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001317328

pISSN:

1301-5737

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In the Tanzimat Edict, an important document of the Ottoman Modernisation period, although there were no clear statements about opening schools, freedom to perform rituals and customs formed the basis for establishing educational institutions. In the Rescript of Reform proclaimed in 1856, the issue of education was explicitly addressed, and topics like education of minorities, the kinds of schools that can be established, teaching methods and teacher selection, and repair or reconstruction of buildings were included. In the second half of the 19th century, it is possible to say that a significant physical transformation also took place in İzmir, which was one of the important port cities of the era with its large trade volume. It is observed that Levantines, foreigners, and non-muslims who were bourgeoisie thanks to the given equal ownership rights to each nation in the cities and especially by the handover of the capital also constructed many educational buildings while creating their own urban environment in the areas which they preferred. It is known that the Greeks, who constitute the majority of the non-Muslim population in Izmir, opened schools starting in the 18th century. For the education of girls, a school was established for the first time after 1830; later, it was moved to the courtyard of the Aya Fotini Church and renamed the Aya Fotini Girls Central School. In this article, the structure, which was constructed as a new building in İzmir at the beginning of the 20th century for the Girls Central School that belonged to Greeks and continuing education as İzmir Atatürk High School will be dealt with, its place within the architectural activities of the era, its preservation process and phases will be dwelled upon.

 In the Tanzimat Edict, an important document of the Ottoman Modernisation period, although there were no clear statements about opening schools, freedom to perform rituals and customs formed the basis for establishing educational institutions. In the Rescript of Reform proclaimed in 1856, the issue of education was explicitly addressed, and topics like education of minorities, the kinds of schools that can be established, teaching methods and teacher selection, and repair or reconstruction of buildings were included. In the second half of the 19th century, it is possible to say that a significant physical transformation also took place in İzmir, which was one of the important port cities of the era with its large trade volume. It is observed that Levantines, foreigners, and non-muslims who were bourgeoisie thanks to the given equal ownership rights to each nation in the cities and especially by the handover of the capital also constructed many educational buildings while creating their own urban environment in the areas which they preferred. It is known that the Greeks, who constitute the majority of the non-Muslim population in Izmir, opened schools starting in the 18th century. For the education of girls, a school was established for the first time after 1830; later, it was moved to the courtyard of the Aya Fotini Church and renamed the Aya Fotini Girls Central School. In this article, the structure, which was constructed as a new building in İzmir at the beginning of the 20th century for the Girls Central School that belonged to Greeks and continuing education as İzmir Atatürk High School will be dealt with, its place within the architectural activities of the era, its preservation process and phases will be dwelled upon.

 In the Tanzimat Edict, an important document of the Ottoman Modernisation period, although there were no clear statements about opening schools, freedom to perform rituals and customs formed the basis for establishing educational institutions. In the Rescript of Reform proclaimed in 1856, the issue of education was explicitly addressed, and topics like education of minorities, the kinds of schools that can be established, teaching methods and teacher selection, and repair or reconstruction of buildings were included. In the second half of the 19th century, it is possible to say that a significant physical transformation also took place in İzmir, which was one of the important port cities of the era with its large trade volume. It is observed that Levantines, foreigners, and non-muslims who were bourgeoisie thanks to the given equal ownership rights to each nation in the cities and especially by the handover of the capital also constructed many educational buildings while creating their own urban environment in the areas which they preferred. It is known that the Greeks, who constitute the majority of the non-Muslim population in Izmir, opened schools starting in the 18th century. For the education of girls, a school was established for the first time after 1830; later, it was moved to the courtyard of the Aya Fotini Church and renamed the Aya Fotini Girls Central School. In this article, the structure, which was constructed as a new building in İzmir at the beginning of the 20th century for the Girls Central School that belonged to Greeks and continuing education as İzmir Atatürk High School will be dealt with, its place within the architectural activities of the era, its preservation process and phases will be dwelled upon.

 Osmanlı Modernleşmesi, İzmir, Mimari, Gayrimüslim, Eğitim Tanzimat Fermanında okul açmayla ilgili net ifadeler bulunmamakla beraber, ayin ve adetleri gerçekleştirme özgürlüğü eğitim kurumlarının oluşturulmasına dayanak oluşturmuştur. 1856 yılında ilan edilen Islahat Fermanında ise eğitim meselesi ayrıca ele alınmış ve azınlıkların eğitimi, ne tür okulların kurulabileceği, öğretim yöntemi ve öğretmen seçimi, binaların tamiri veya yeniden inşası gibi konularda açıklamalara yer verilmiştir. 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında, geniş ticaret hacmi ile dönemin önemli liman kentlerinden biri olan İzmirde de, belirgin bir fiziksel dönüşümün gerçekleştiğini söylemek mümkündür. Kentlerde her millete eşit mülk edinme hakkı tanınmasıyla özellikle sermayenin el değiştirerek artması sayesinde burjuvalaşan gayrimüslimlerin ve yabancılar ile Levantenlerin tercih ettikleri bölgelerde kendi kentsel çevrelerini yaratırken pek çok eğitim yapısı da inşa ettikleri görülür. İzmirdeki Gayrimüslim nüfusun çoğunluğunu oluşturan Rumların, 18. yüzyıldan başlayarak okullar açtıkları bilinmektedir. Kız çocukların eğitimi için ise ilk kez 1830dan sonra bir okul kurulmuş, daha sonra Aya Fotini Kilisesi avlusuna taşınarak Aya Fotini Kız Merkez Okulu adını almıştır. Bu çalışmada; İzmirde Rum milletine ait Merkez Kız Okulu için 20. yüzyıl başlarında yeni bir bina olarak inşa edilen ve günümüzde İzmir Atatürk Lisesi olarak eğitim hizmetini sürdüren yapı tanıtılacak, dönemin mimari faaliyetleri içindeki yeri, koruma süreci ve geçirdiği evreler üzerinde durulacaktır.

Makale detayları

From Aya Fotini Girls' School to Izmir Atatürk High School: The Adventure of a Building

Yazarlar:

Heval Şimşek Özel

Yayıncı:

Hacettepe University

Ana Başlıklar:

Mimarlık Tarihi | Sanat Tarihi

Dergi:

Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.41 Issue 2, pp.435-474

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001317328

pISSN:

1301-5737

Ottoman modernization

İzmir

architecture

non-Muslim

education.Osmanlı modernleşmesi

İzmir

mimari

gayrimüslim

eğitim

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Heval Şimşek Özel

Yayıncı: Hacettepe University

Ana Başlıklar: Mimarlık Tarihi | Sanat Tarihi

Dergi: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.41 Issue 2, pp.435-474

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001317328

pISSN: 1301-5737

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Heval Şimşek Özel

Yayıncı:

Hacettepe University

Ana Başlıklar:

Mimarlık Tarihi | Sanat Tarihi

Dergi:

Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.41 Issue 2, pp.435-474

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001317328

pISSN:

1301-5737