L’Institut d’Égypte Between Colonialism and Orientalism (1798-1801)

Selda Güner Özden

Makale detayları

L’Institut d’Égypte Between Colonialism and Orientalism (1798-1801)

Yazarlar:

Selda Güner Özden

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Genel Türk Tarihi (Diğer)

Dergi:

Tarih Dergisi Issue 86, pp.94-113

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

4/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001355418

pISSN:

1015-1818

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The Western worlds colonial expansion and competition during the 19th century turned various parts of the world into targets for territorial division. Indeed, Ottoman territories in Africa also became one of the arenas of this colonial competition with Napoleons eastern campaign in 1798, continuing throughout the century and through the partitions during World War I. This study focuses on the activities of the Institut de lÉgypte, established by Napoleon in Egypt following a colonial invasion. In Western historiography, it is known that members and institutions of another modern initiative evaluated the occupation of Egypt around the concepts of enlightenment, colonialism, and civilization before Mehmed Ali Pashas reforms. This modern initiative bore traces of French colonialism. It is known that with French invasion, a scientific delegation arrived in Egypt alongside officers and soldiers. On August 22, 1798, the Institut de lÉgypte was established around this delegation. It is evident that Napoleons Egyptian campaign contained two aspects of colonialism: one being the occupation of a strategically important place like Egypt, and the other being the efforts to study and understand Egypts past, culture, and all its resources to ensure the permanence of the occupation. The Institut de lÉgypte manifested as a colonial institution. Thus, the article aims to examine how French colonialism was reflected in an intellectual institution, focusing on the publications of this institution and the memoirs of the period.

 The Western worlds colonial expansion and competition during the 19th century turned various parts of the world into targets for territorial division. Indeed, Ottoman territories in Africa also became one of the arenas of this colonial competition with Napoleons eastern campaign in 1798, continuing throughout the century and through the partitions during World War I. This study focuses on the activities of the Institut de lÉgypte, established by Napoleon in Egypt following a colonial invasion. In Western historiography, it is known that members and institutions of another modern initiative evaluated the occupation of Egypt around the concepts of enlightenment, colonialism, and civilization before Mehmed Ali Pashas reforms. This modern initiative bore traces of French colonialism. It is known that with French invasion, a scientific delegation arrived in Egypt alongside officers and soldiers. On August 22, 1798, the Institut de lÉgypte was established around this delegation. It is evident that Napoleons Egyptian campaign contained two aspects of colonialism: one being the occupation of a strategically important place like Egypt, and the other being the efforts to study and understand Egypts past, culture, and all its resources to ensure the permanence of the occupation. The Institut de lÉgypte manifested as a colonial institution. Thus, the article aims to examine how French colonialism was reflected in an intellectual institution, focusing on the publications of this institution and the memoirs of the period.

 The Western worlds colonial expansion and competition during the 19th century turned various parts of the world into targets for territorial division. Indeed, Ottoman territories in Africa also became one of the arenas of this colonial competition with Napoleons eastern campaign in 1798, continuing throughout the century and through the partitions during World War I. This study focuses on the activities of the Institut de lÉgypte, established by Napoleon in Egypt following a colonial invasion. In Western historiography, it is known that members and institutions of another modern initiative evaluated the occupation of Egypt around the concepts of enlightenment, colonialism, and civilization before Mehmed Ali Pashas reforms. This modern initiative bore traces of French colonialism. It is known that with French invasion, a scientific delegation arrived in Egypt alongside officers and soldiers. On August 22, 1798, the Institut de lÉgypte was established around this delegation. It is evident that Napoleons Egyptian campaign contained two aspects of colonialism: one being the occupation of a strategically important place like Egypt, and the other being the efforts to study and understand Egypts past, culture, and all its resources to ensure the permanence of the occupation. The Institut de lÉgypte manifested as a colonial institution. Thus, the article aims to examine how French colonialism was reflected in an intellectual institution, focusing on the publications of this institution and the memoirs of the period.

 Batı dünyasının 19. yüzyılda kolonyal genişleme ve bunun için rekabet halinde olması dünyanın farklı coğrafyalarını toprak paylaşımlarının hedefi haline getirmişti. Nitekim Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun Afrikadaki toprakları da Napolyonnun doğu seferiyle 1798de bu kolonyal rekabetin alanlarından biri haline gelmiş ve neredeyse tüm yüzyıl ve I. Dünya Savaşı sırasındaki paylaşımlarla devam etmiştir. Bu çalışma bir kolonyal işgali takiben Napolyon tarafından Mısırda kurulan Institut de lÉgyptein faaliyetlerine odaklanmaktadır. Batı tarih yazımında Mehmed Ali Paşanın reformları öncesinde başka bir modern girişimin üyeleri ve kurumlarının aydınlanma, kolonyalizm ve medenileştirme kavramları etrafında Mısırın işgalini değerlendirdiği bilinmektedir. Bu modern girişimin altında Fransız kolonyalizminin izleri vardır. Napolyonun işgaliyle subay ve askerlerin yanısıra bir bilim heyetinin de Mısıra gelmişti. Bu heyet etrafında 22 Ağustos 1798de Institut de lÉgypte kurulmuştur. Napolyonun Mısır seferinin kolonyalizmin iki yönünü ihtiva ettiği görülmektedir. Mısır gibi stratejik bir yeri işgal etmek, diğeri de işgalin kalıcılığı için Mısırın mazisi, kültürü ve tüm kaynaklarıyla incelenmesi ve anlaşılması çabalarıdır. Institut de lÉgypte bir kolonyal kurum olarak tezahür etmişti. Buradan hareketle makale, Fransız sömürgeciliğinin entelektüel bir kurumda nasıl karşılık bulduğunu, bu kurumun yayınlarını ve devrin hatıratlarını merkeze alarak incelemeyi hedeflemektedir.

Makale detayları

L’Institut d’Égypte Between Colonialism and Orientalism (1798-1801)

Yazarlar:

Selda Güner Özden

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Genel Türk Tarihi (Diğer)

Dergi:

Tarih Dergisi Issue 86, pp.94-113

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

4/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001355418

pISSN:

1015-1818

L’Institut d’Égypte

colonialism

Napoleon Bonaparte

Description de l’Égypte

Mémoires sur l’ÉgypteL’Institut de l’Égypte

Kolonyalizm

Napolyon Bonapart

Description de l’Égypte

Mémoires sur l’Égypte

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Selda Güner Özden

Yayıncı: Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar: Genel Türk Tarihi (Diğer)

Dergi: Tarih Dergisi Issue 86, pp.94-113

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 4/2025

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2001355418

pISSN: 1015-1818

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Selda Güner Özden

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Genel Türk Tarihi (Diğer)

Dergi:

Tarih Dergisi Issue 86, pp.94-113

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

4/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001355418

pISSN:

1015-1818