Modern Approaches to Polyphony in Turkish Makam Music: Tradition and Innovation

Sercan Özkeleş

Makale detayları

Modern Approaches to Polyphony in Turkish Makam Music: Tradition and Innovation

Yazarlar:

Sercan Özkeleş

Yayıncı:

Ege University

Ana Başlıklar:

Performans Sanatları (Diğer)

Dergi:

Eurasian Journal of Music and Dance Issue 26, pp.440-467

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001353836

pISSN:

2651-4818

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Turkish music, ranging from art music to folk music and from monophony to polyphony, has served as a carrier of cultural memory across a wide geographical area. Through its improvisational and performance traditions, it has transmitted the aesthetic values, cultural codes, and artistic explorations of its era from generation to generation. This study aims to contribute to the polyphonization of works in Turkish makam music by preserving their traditional structure while incorporating modern approaches. Accordingly, the study focuses on how modern approaches can be applied theoretically and practically by analyzing features such as the pitch, seyir melodic progression, and flavor çeşni characteristics of the makams. Techniques include the use of extended chords, functional transformations, alternative chords, secondary dominants, slash chords, chord progressions, and mediantic harmony. The study employs a general survey model and is descriptive in nature. The universe of the study consists of instrumental works Saz Semâîsi composed in the Nihavend makam within Turkish makam music, while the sample focuses on Refik Fersans Nihavend Saz Semâîsi. Within the scope of the study, the polyphonization of Refik Fersans Nihavend Saz Semâîsi was carried out using document review techniques to gather information on modern approaches, while document analysis was employed to analyze the data. The harmonic structure of the work was developed based on the general features of the Nihavend makam and its melodic framework, adhering to the principle of progression from simplicity to complexity. During the polyphonization process, makam-specific elements such as pitch, seyir, and flavor were preserved to maintain the functionality of the makam. The makams structure was supported with chord sequences, alternative chords, secondary dominants, extended chords, tritone substitutions, slash chords, chord progressions, and mediantic harmony. The study concludes that the techniques employed within modern approaches can be systematically and consistently applied to compositions in the Nihavend makam.

 Turkish music, ranging from art music to folk music and from monophony to polyphony, has served as a carrier of cultural memory across a wide geographical area. Through its improvisational and performance traditions, it has transmitted the aesthetic values, cultural codes, and artistic explorations of its era from generation to generation. This study aims to contribute to the polyphonization of works in Turkish makam music by preserving their traditional structure while incorporating modern approaches. Accordingly, the study focuses on how modern approaches can be applied theoretically and practically by analyzing features such as the pitch, seyir melodic progression, and flavor çeşni characteristics of the makams. Techniques include the use of extended chords, functional transformations, alternative chords, secondary dominants, slash chords, chord progressions, and mediantic harmony. The study employs a general survey model and is descriptive in nature. The universe of the study consists of instrumental works Saz Semâîsi composed in the Nihavend makam within Turkish makam music, while the sample focuses on Refik Fersans Nihavend Saz Semâîsi. Within the scope of the study, the polyphonization of Refik Fersans Nihavend Saz Semâîsi was carried out using document review techniques to gather information on modern approaches, while document analysis was employed to analyze the data. The harmonic structure of the work was developed based on the general features of the Nihavend makam and its melodic framework, adhering to the principle of progression from simplicity to complexity. During the polyphonization process, makam-specific elements such as pitch, seyir, and flavor were preserved to maintain the functionality of the makam. The makams structure was supported with chord sequences, alternative chords, secondary dominants, extended chords, tritone substitutions, slash chords, chord progressions, and mediantic harmony. The study concludes that the techniques employed within modern approaches can be systematically and consistently applied to compositions in the Nihavend makam.

 Turkish music, ranging from art music to folk music and from monophony to polyphony, has served as a carrier of cultural memory across a wide geographical area. Through its improvisational and performance traditions, it has transmitted the aesthetic values, cultural codes, and artistic explorations of its era from generation to generation. This study aims to contribute to the polyphonization of works in Turkish makam music by preserving their traditional structure while incorporating modern approaches. Accordingly, the study focuses on how modern approaches can be applied theoretically and practically by analyzing features such as the pitch, seyir melodic progression, and flavor çeşni characteristics of the makams. Techniques include the use of extended chords, functional transformations, alternative chords, secondary dominants, slash chords, chord progressions, and mediantic harmony. The study employs a general survey model and is descriptive in nature. The universe of the study consists of instrumental works Saz Semâîsi composed in the Nihavend makam within Turkish makam music, while the sample focuses on Refik Fersans Nihavend Saz Semâîsi. Within the scope of the study, the polyphonization of Refik Fersans Nihavend Saz Semâîsi was carried out using document review techniques to gather information on modern approaches, while document analysis was employed to analyze the data. The harmonic structure of the work was developed based on the general features of the Nihavend makam and its melodic framework, adhering to the principle of progression from simplicity to complexity. During the polyphonization process, makam-specific elements such as pitch, seyir, and flavor were preserved to maintain the functionality of the makam. The makams structure was supported with chord sequences, alternative chords, secondary dominants, extended chords, tritone substitutions, slash chords, chord progressions, and mediantic harmony. The study concludes that the techniques employed within modern approaches can be systematically and consistently applied to compositions in the Nihavend makam.

 Türk müziği; sanat müziğinden halk müziğine, tekseslisinden çokseslisine dek oldukça geniş bir coğrafyada, dönemin estetik değerlerini, kültürel kodlarını ve sanatsal arayışlarını doğaçlama ve icra gelenekleriyle nesilden nesile aktarmış ve zaman içerisinde toplumsal belleğin adeta bir taşıyıcısı olmuştur. Çalışmanın amacı, Türk makam müziğindeki eserlerin geleneksel yapısını koruyarak modern yaklaşımlarla çokseslendirilmesine katkı sağlamaktır. Bu doğrultuda, çalışma; makamların perde, seyir ve çeşni özelliklerini temel alarak genişletilmiş akorlar, fonksiyonel değişimler, alternatif akorlar, ikincil dominantlar, kesirli slash akorlar, akor ilerlemeleri ve mediyantik armoninin hem teorik analizlerle hem de uygulamalarla modern yaklaşımların çoksesledirmelerde nasıl kullanılabileceğini ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. Genel tarama modelinde ve betimsel nitelikte olan çalışmanın evrenini Türk makam müziğinde Nihavend makamında bestelenmiş Sazsemaileri, örneklemini ise Refik Fersanın Nihavend Sazsemaisi oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında, Refik Fersana ait Nihavend Sazsemaisinin çokseslendirilmesi ve modern yaklaşımlarda kullanılan tekniklere yönelik bilgilerin elde edilmesinde doküman inceleme tekniği, verilerin çözümlenmesinde ise doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Eserin armonik yapısı; Nihavend makamın genel özellikleri ve ezginin makamsal yapısı doğrultusunda basitten karmaşığa ilkesi temel alınarak oluşturulmuştur. Eserin çokseslendirilme sürecinde, perde, seyir ve çeşni gibi makamsal unsurlar dikkate alınarak makamın işlevselliği korunmuş; akor dizileri, alternatif akorlar, ikincil dominantlar, genişletilmiş akorlar, triton ikameleri, kesirli slash akorlar, akor ilerlemeleri ve mediyantik armoni kullanılarak makamsal yapı desteklenmiştir. Çalışmada modern yaklaşımla kullanılan tekniklerin Nihavend makamındaki eserlere sistemli ve tutarlı bir şekilde uygulanabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Makale detayları

Modern Approaches to Polyphony in Turkish Makam Music: Tradition and Innovation

Yazarlar:

Sercan Özkeleş

Yayıncı:

Ege University

Ana Başlıklar:

Performans Sanatları (Diğer)

Dergi:

Eurasian Journal of Music and Dance Issue 26, pp.440-467

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001353836

pISSN:

2651-4818

Turkish Makam Music

Polyphony in Turkish Music

Modern Approaches

Makam

Nihavend MakamTürk Makam Müziği

Türk Müziğinde Çokseslendirme

Modern Yaklaşımlar

Makam

Nihavend makamı.

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Sercan Özkeleş

Yayıncı: Ege University

Ana Başlıklar: Performans Sanatları (Diğer)

Dergi: Eurasian Journal of Music and Dance Issue 26, pp.440-467

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001353836

pISSN: 2651-4818

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Sercan Özkeleş

Yayıncı:

Ege University

Ana Başlıklar:

Performans Sanatları (Diğer)

Dergi:

Eurasian Journal of Music and Dance Issue 26, pp.440-467

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001353836

pISSN:

2651-4818