Evaluating Spatio-temporal Dynamics in LULC and its Implications on Land Surface Temperature of Swat valley, Eastern Hindukush

Hajra Ambreen; Atta-ur Rahman

Makale detayları

Evaluating Spatio-temporal Dynamics in LULC and its Implications on Land Surface Temperature of Swat valley, Eastern Hindukush

Yazarlar:

Hajra Ambreen | Atta-ur Rahman

Yayıncı:

Murat YAKAR

Ana Başlıklar:

Geospatial Information Systems and Geospatial Data Modelling

Dergi:

International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences Vol.10 Issue 3, pp.495-503

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001339742

pISSN:

2548-0960

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 This study focuses on spatio-temporal variability of land use land cover LULC and its impact on Land Surface Temperature LST of Swat valley, eastern Hindukush. Global warming has profound impacts on northern areas of Pakistan. Being the region of a large number of alpine glaciers and snowy peaks, this region is particularly susceptible to climate change. The countrys economy is mainly based on agriculture. However, due to rapid population growth, LULC is changing at the cost of increasing the built environment and deforestation. Rapid urbanization and uncontrolled deforestation are highly contributing to the elevation of average temperature. This rise in temperature results in a decrease in snow cover by accelerating the snow melting process which often results in increasing barren land. Hence, LULC and LST are studied synergistically in this research. This study is based on past one decade and six years time series data for 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2021 and 2023 was taken for detail analysis. For LULC analysis, supervised classification is used by applying Landsat 89 OLITIRS algorithms. Accuracy assessment is carried out for ground validation. LST is calculated by using the Thermal Band and Metadata of Landsat 89 OLI. These parameters were correlated and analyzed by using Pearsons correlation. The study area has observed considerable change in LULC. Significant growth has been observed in built-up areas from 1545575 km2 in 2013 to 242208 km2 in 2023, with gradual reduction in area under vegetation. The study area has observed increasing trend in LST from 16.5⁰C in 2013 to 26⁰C in 2023. The results of the analysis shows a strong correlation between these parameters.

 This study focuses on spatio-temporal variability of land use land cover LULC and its impact on Land Surface Temperature LST of Swat valley, eastern Hindukush. Global warming has profound impacts on northern areas of Pakistan. Being the region of a large number of alpine glaciers and snowy peaks, this region is particularly susceptible to climate change. The countrys economy is mainly based on agriculture. However, due to rapid population growth, LULC is changing at the cost of increasing the built environment and deforestation. Rapid urbanization and uncontrolled deforestation are highly contributing to the elevation of average temperature. This rise in temperature results in a decrease in snow cover by accelerating the snow melting process which often results in increasing barren land. Hence, LULC and LST are studied synergistically in this research. This study is based on past one decade and six years time series data for 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2021 and 2023 was taken for detail analysis. For LULC analysis, supervised classification is used by applying Landsat 89 OLITIRS algorithms. Accuracy assessment is carried out for ground validation. LST is calculated by using the Thermal Band and Metadata of Landsat 89 OLI. These parameters were correlated and analyzed by using Pearsons correlation. The study area has observed considerable change in LULC. Significant growth has been observed in built-up areas from 1545575 km2 in 2013 to 242208 km2 in 2023, with gradual reduction in area under vegetation. The study area has observed increasing trend in LST from 16.5⁰C in 2013 to 26⁰C in 2023. The results of the analysis shows a strong correlation between these parameters.

 This study focuses on spatio-temporal variability of land use land cover LULC and its impact on Land Surface Temperature LST of Swat valley, eastern Hindukush. Global warming has profound impacts on northern areas of Pakistan. Being the region of a large number of alpine glaciers and snowy peaks, this region is particularly susceptible to climate change. The countrys economy is mainly based on agriculture. However, due to rapid population growth, LULC is changing at the cost of increasing the built environment and deforestation. Rapid urbanization and uncontrolled deforestation are highly contributing to the elevation of average temperature. This rise in temperature results in a decrease in snow cover by accelerating the snow melting process which often results in increasing barren land. Hence, LULC and LST are studied synergistically in this research. This study is based on past one decade and six years time series data for 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2021 and 2023 was taken for detail analysis. For LULC analysis, supervised classification is used by applying Landsat 89 OLITIRS algorithms. Accuracy assessment is carried out for ground validation. LST is calculated by using the Thermal Band and Metadata of Landsat 89 OLI. These parameters were correlated and analyzed by using Pearsons correlation. The study area has observed considerable change in LULC. Significant growth has been observed in built-up areas from 1545575 km2 in 2013 to 242208 km2 in 2023, with gradual reduction in area under vegetation. The study area has observed increasing trend in LST from 16.5⁰C in 2013 to 26⁰C in 2023. The results of the analysis shows a strong correlation between these parameters.

 This study focuses on spatio-temporal variability of land use land cover LULC and its impact on Land Surface Temperature LST of Swat valley, eastern Hindukush. Global warming has profound impacts on northern areas of Pakistan. Being the region of a large number of alpine glaciers and snowy peaks, this region is particularly susceptible to climate change. The countrys economy is mainly based on agriculture. However, due to rapid population growth, LULC is changing at the cost of increasing the built environment and deforestation. Rapid urbanization and uncontrolled deforestation are highly contributing to the elevation of average temperature. This rise in temperature results in a decrease in snow cover by accelerating the snow melting process which often results in increasing barren land. Hence, LULC and LST are studied synergistically in this research. This study is based on past one decade and six years time series data for 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2021 and 2023 was taken for detail analysis. For LULC analysis, supervised classification is used by applying Landsat 89 OLITIRS algorithms. Accuracy assessment is carried out for ground validation. LST is calculated by using the Thermal Band and Metadata of Landsat 89 OLI. These parameters were correlated and analyzed by using Pearsons correlation. The study area has observed considerable change in LULC. Significant growth has been observed in built-up areas from 1545575 km2 in 2013 to 242208 km2 in 2023, with gradual reduction in area under vegetation. The study area has observed increasing trend in LST from 16.5⁰C in 2013 to 26⁰C in 2023. The results of the analysis shows a strong correlation between these parameters.

Makale detayları

Evaluating Spatio-temporal Dynamics in LULC and its Implications on Land Surface Temperature of Swat valley, Eastern Hindukush

Yazarlar:

Hajra Ambreen | Atta-ur Rahman

Yayıncı:

Murat YAKAR

Ana Başlıklar:

Geospatial Information Systems and Geospatial Data Modelling

Dergi:

International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences Vol.10 Issue 3, pp.495-503

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001339742

pISSN:

2548-0960

Land Use Land Cover

Land surface Temperature

snow cover

Landsat

Sayı

Makale detayları

Evaluating Spatio-temporal Dynamics in LULC and its Implications on Land Surface Temperature of Swat valley, Eastern Hindukush

Yazarlar: Hajra Ambreen | Atta-ur Rahman

Yayıncı: Murat YAKAR

Ana Başlıklar: Geospatial Information Systems and Geospatial Data Modelling

Dergi: International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences Vol.10 Issue 3, pp.495-503

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 9/2025

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2001339742

pISSN: 2548-0960

Land Use Land Cover

Land surface Temperature

snow cover

Landsat

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Hajra Ambreen | Atta-ur Rahman

Yayıncı:

Murat YAKAR

Ana Başlıklar:

Geospatial Information Systems and Geospatial Data Modelling

Dergi:

International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences Vol.10 Issue 3, pp.495-503

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001339742

pISSN:

2548-0960