Apprenticeship in the Ottoman Bureaucracy: the Example of the Chief Accounting Office in the 18th Century

Engin Çetin

Makale detayları

Apprenticeship in the Ottoman Bureaucracy: the Example of the Chief Accounting Office in the 18th Century

Yazarlar:

Engin Çetin

Yayıncı:

Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Genel Türk Tarihi (Diğer)

Dergi:

Marmara Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.10 Issue 2, pp.478-509

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001305263

pISSN:

2148-6743

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In th Ottoman bureaucracy, individuals who were employed as kâtib clerk candidates were referred to as shakird apprentice. Initially, they were placed under the supervision of a narrow cadre of clerks within the Divan-ı Hümayun Imperial Council. Over time, they began to work in key bureaucratic institutions such as the Bâbıâlî Sublime Porte, Defterhâne Storehouse of Ottoman Cadastral and Other Property Records, and Bâb-ı Defterî Ottoman Institution for Financial Affairs, which became central pillars of the Ottoman bureaucracy from the mid-17th century onward. This group primarily consisted of young individuals and served as the primary resource for the Ottoman bureaucracy. While they shared some common characteristics, there were significant differences in the attributes, career trajectories, and job roles of shakirds required by various institutions. Within the already limited number of studies on the history of Ottoman institutions, there has been a noticeable gap in the literature concerning the shakirds, as researchers have primarily focused on the upper echelons of the empires bureaucracy. This paper aims to address this deficiency by discussing the nature of shakirds within the Ottoman bureaucracy. Given the impracticality of conducting comprehensive research on the entire bureaucracy, this study will use the Başmuhasebe Kalemi Chief Accounting Office in the 18th century as a case study. It will shed light on the recruitment patterns of the shakirds in the Başmuhasebe Kalemi, their numbers, working conditions, salaries and career paths.

 In th Ottoman bureaucracy, individuals who were employed as kâtib clerk candidates were referred to as shakird apprentice. Initially, they were placed under the supervision of a narrow cadre of clerks within the Divan-ı Hümayun Imperial Council. Over time, they began to work in key bureaucratic institutions such as the Bâbıâlî Sublime Porte, Defterhâne Storehouse of Ottoman Cadastral and Other Property Records, and Bâb-ı Defterî Ottoman Institution for Financial Affairs, which became central pillars of the Ottoman bureaucracy from the mid-17th century onward. This group primarily consisted of young individuals and served as the primary resource for the Ottoman bureaucracy. While they shared some common characteristics, there were significant differences in the attributes, career trajectories, and job roles of shakirds required by various institutions. Within the already limited number of studies on the history of Ottoman institutions, there has been a noticeable gap in the literature concerning the shakirds, as researchers have primarily focused on the upper echelons of the empires bureaucracy. This paper aims to address this deficiency by discussing the nature of shakirds within the Ottoman bureaucracy. Given the impracticality of conducting comprehensive research on the entire bureaucracy, this study will use the Başmuhasebe Kalemi Chief Accounting Office in the 18th century as a case study. It will shed light on the recruitment patterns of the shakirds in the Başmuhasebe Kalemi, their numbers, working conditions, salaries and career paths.

 In th Ottoman bureaucracy, individuals who were employed as kâtib clerk candidates were referred to as shakird apprentice. Initially, they were placed under the supervision of a narrow cadre of clerks within the Divan-ı Hümayun Imperial Council. Over time, they began to work in key bureaucratic institutions such as the Bâbıâlî Sublime Porte, Defterhâne Storehouse of Ottoman Cadastral and Other Property Records, and Bâb-ı Defterî Ottoman Institution for Financial Affairs, which became central pillars of the Ottoman bureaucracy from the mid-17th century onward. This group primarily consisted of young individuals and served as the primary resource for the Ottoman bureaucracy. While they shared some common characteristics, there were significant differences in the attributes, career trajectories, and job roles of shakirds required by various institutions. Within the already limited number of studies on the history of Ottoman institutions, there has been a noticeable gap in the literature concerning the shakirds, as researchers have primarily focused on the upper echelons of the empires bureaucracy. This paper aims to address this deficiency by discussing the nature of shakirds within the Ottoman bureaucracy. Given the impracticality of conducting comprehensive research on the entire bureaucracy, this study will use the Başmuhasebe Kalemi Chief Accounting Office in the 18th century as a case study. It will shed light on the recruitment patterns of the shakirds in the Başmuhasebe Kalemi, their numbers, working conditions, salaries and career paths.

 Osmanlı bürokrasisinde kâtip adayı olarak çeşitli kurumlarda istihdam edilen kimselere şâkird adı verilmekteydi. Başlarda Divan-ı Hümayun çatısı altındaki dar bir kâtip kadrosunun nezaretinde istihdam edilen şâkirdler, 17. yüzyıl ortalarından itibaren merkezî bürokrasinin sacayağını oluşturan Bâbıâlî, Defterhâne ve Bâb-ı Defterîde çalışmaya başlamışlardı. Ekseriyetle küçük yaştaki çocuklardan oluşan bu grup, Osmanlı bürokrasisinin temel personel kaynağını teşkil etmekteydi. Kurumların ihtiyaç duyduğu şâkirdlerin özellikleri, kariyer yolları ve çalışma düzenleri arasında ciddi farklılıklar olmakla birlikte genel manada şâkirdlerin pek çok ortak özelliği de bulunmaktaydı. Bugüne kadar sınırlı sayıdaki Osmanlı teşkilat tarihi çalışmalarında, araştırmacılar ister istemez imparatorluğun üst bürokrasisine odaklandıklarından şâkirdlere dair ciddi bir literatür oluşmamıştır. Bu makale söz konusu eksiklikten hareketle Osmanlı bürokrasisinde şâkirdliğin mahiyeti ele alacaktır. Ancak bütün kurumları kapsayacak bir araştırmanın şu aşamada mümkün olmaması nedeniyle örneklem olarak Başmuhasebe Kalemi, dönem olarak ise 18. yüzyıl ele alınacaktır. Bu çerçevede Başmuhasebe Kalemi şâkirdlerinin nasıl tayin edildikleri, sayıları, terfi usülleri, çalışma şartları, gelirleri ve kariyerleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır.

Makale detayları

Apprenticeship in the Ottoman Bureaucracy: the Example of the Chief Accounting Office in the 18th Century

Yazarlar:

Engin Çetin

Yayıncı:

Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Genel Türk Tarihi (Diğer)

Dergi:

Marmara Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.10 Issue 2, pp.478-509

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001305263

pISSN:

2148-6743

shakird/apprentice

clerk

Chief Accounting Office

bureaucracy

18th centuryŞâkird

Kâtip

Başmuhasebe Kalemi

Bürokrasi

18. Yüzyıl

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Engin Çetin

Yayıncı: Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar: Genel Türk Tarihi (Diğer)

Dergi: Marmara Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.10 Issue 2, pp.478-509

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001305263

pISSN: 2148-6743

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Engin Çetin

Yayıncı:

Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Genel Türk Tarihi (Diğer)

Dergi:

Marmara Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.10 Issue 2, pp.478-509

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001305263

pISSN:

2148-6743