From Learning Circles to Endowed Institutions: Zāwiyas of the Mosque of ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀs in the Ayyubid and Mamlūk Cairo

Muhammet Enes Midilli

Makale detayları

From Learning Circles to Endowed Institutions: Zāwiyas of the Mosque of ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀs in the Ayyubid and Mamlūk Cairo

Yazarlar:

Muhammet Enes Midilli

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Araştırmaları

Dergi:

İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 1, pp.293-319

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2023

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001289259

pISSN:

2717-6967

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Zāwiya, as a polysemous term, refers to a Sufi institution, as well as to the concepts of khanqāh and ribāṭ Sufi lodges. On the other hand, however, it also denotes more modest architectural and organizational institutions built in suburban areas. Nevertheless, the term zāwiya has also been employed in the Syro-Egyptian region for describing the institutions of the central mosques of cities, in which scholars and their lessons in religious disciplines were supported regularly by endowments. This article deals with the eight zāwiyas of the Mosque of ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀs in Cairo, and particularly the most significant of them, the Zāwiya of Imām al-Shāfiī. By analyzing the narratives of two major khiṭaṭ topographical urban history works compiled by Ibn Duqmāq and al-Maqrīzī and comparing them with other chronicles and biographical dictionaries of the period, this article argues that the mosquezāwiyas differed from the Sufi zāwiyas and that the zāwiyas, which formerly only denoted study circles held by scholars with their own initiatives in the mosques, turned into endowed, long-lasting, and prestigious institutions of learning with the proliferation of madrasas in Egypt during the 6th12th century.

 Zāwiya, as a polysemous term, refers to a Sufi institution, as well as to the concepts of khanqāh and ribāṭ Sufi lodges. On the other hand, however, it also denotes more modest architectural and organizational institutions built in suburban areas. Nevertheless, the term zāwiya has also been employed in the Syro-Egyptian region for describing the institutions of the central mosques of cities, in which scholars and their lessons in religious disciplines were supported regularly by endowments. This article deals with the eight zāwiyas of the Mosque of ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀs in Cairo, and particularly the most significant of them, the Zāwiya of Imām al-Shāfiī. By analyzing the narratives of two major khiṭaṭ topographical urban history works compiled by Ibn Duqmāq and al-Maqrīzī and comparing them with other chronicles and biographical dictionaries of the period, this article argues that the mosquezāwiyas differed from the Sufi zāwiyas and that the zāwiyas, which formerly only denoted study circles held by scholars with their own initiatives in the mosques, turned into endowed, long-lasting, and prestigious institutions of learning with the proliferation of madrasas in Egypt during the 6th12th century.

 Zāwiya, as a polysemous term, refers to a Sufi institution, as well as to the concepts of khanqāh and ribāṭ Sufi lodges. On the other hand, however, it also denotes more modest architectural and organizational institutions built in suburban areas. Nevertheless, the term zāwiya has also been employed in the Syro-Egyptian region for describing the institutions of the central mosques of cities, in which scholars and their lessons in religious disciplines were supported regularly by endowments. This article deals with the eight zāwiyas of the Mosque of ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀs in Cairo, and particularly the most significant of them, the Zāwiya of Imām al-Shāfiī. By analyzing the narratives of two major khiṭaṭ topographical urban history works compiled by Ibn Duqmāq and al-Maqrīzī and comparing them with other chronicles and biographical dictionaries of the period, this article argues that the mosquezāwiyas differed from the Sufi zāwiyas and that the zāwiyas, which formerly only denoted study circles held by scholars with their own initiatives in the mosques, turned into endowed, long-lasting, and prestigious institutions of learning with the proliferation of madrasas in Egypt during the 6th12th century.

 Modern literatürde çoğunlukla sûfîlerle ilişkilendirilen zâviyeler, zaman zaman hankah ve ribâtla aynı yapıya işaret etmekle birlikte daha ziyade şehir merkezlerinin dışında ve geçiş güzergâhlarında kurulan, hankaha kıyasla mimari ve teşkilatlanma bakımından daha mütevazı olan sûfî kurumları olarak tanımlanmışlardır. Bununla birlikte Mısır ve Bilâdüşşam şehirlerinin merkezî camilerinin içerisinde şerî ilimlere dair vakıfla desteklenen derslerin yapıldığı ve müderrisine düzenli tahsisat sunan müesseseleri ifade etmek üzere de zâviye terimi kullanılmıştır. Bu makalede, Kahirede Amr b. Âs Camiinde bulunan sekiz zâviyenin ve özellikle bunların en önemlisi olan İmam Şâfiî Zâviyesinin tarihi, vakıfları ve geçirdiği dönüşümler inceleme konusu edilmiştir. Bu zâviyelerin tarihi hakkında İbn Dokmak ve Makrîzînin hıtat türü eserlerinde yer alan kayıtlar incelenmiş, bu kayıtlar dönemin diğer tarih ve tabakat kaynaklarındaki bilgilerle mukayese edilmiştir. Buradan yola çıkarak Mısır-Şam bölgesinde cami zâviyelerinin, sûfî kurumu olan zâviyelerden farklı bir müessese türüne işaret ettiği ve önceleri sadece âlimlerin camilerde şahsi imkânlarıyla sürdürdüğü ilim halkalarını ifade eden zâviyelerin Mısırda medreselerin yaygınlaşmaya başladığı 6.12. yüzyıldan itibaren vakıfla desteklenen birer ilim kurumuna dönüştükleri tespit edilmiştir.

Makale detayları

From Learning Circles to Endowed Institutions: Zāwiyas of the Mosque of ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀs in the Ayyubid and Mamlūk Cairo

Yazarlar:

Muhammet Enes Midilli

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Araştırmaları

Dergi:

İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 1, pp.293-319

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2023

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001289259

pISSN:

2717-6967

Zāwiya

Mosque of ‘Amr b. al-Ās

waqf

madrasa

CairoZâviye

Amr b. Âs Camii

vakıf

medrese

Kahire

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Muhammet Enes Midilli

Yayıncı: Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar: Din Araştırmaları

Dergi: İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 1, pp.293-319

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 3/2023

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2001289259

pISSN: 2717-6967

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Muhammet Enes Midilli

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Araştırmaları

Dergi:

İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 1, pp.293-319

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2023

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001289259

pISSN:

2717-6967