Is Every Ṣūfī a Shīʿī? The Example of al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī Based on His Views in Nawādir al-uṣūl Regarding the Concepts of Walāyah-Imāmate and Ahl al-bayt-Companions

Mahmut Demir

Makale detayları

Is Every Ṣūfī a Shīʿī? The Example of al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī Based on His Views in Nawādir al-uṣūl Regarding the Concepts of Walāyah-Imāmate and Ahl al-bayt-Companions

Yazarlar:

Mahmut Demir

Yayıncı:

Van Yuzuncu Yıl University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hadis

Dergi:

Van İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 22, pp.105-122

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001350259

pISSN:

2667-615X

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 There are significant similarities between Ṣūfī thought and Shīʿa, if not in all aspects, at least in some. These similarities are more apparent in the theories such as mahdism, imāmatewalāyah, and al-Nūr al-Muḥammadī. As a matter of fact, within Shīʿa, there is a tendency to view Ṣūfīsm and Shīʿa thought as almost a unified whole. It has even been argued that every Ṣūfī must necessarily be an Imāmī Shīʿite and every Shīʿite must be a Ṣūfī. However, there are also Shīʿa scholars who claim that Shīʿa has no connection with Ṣūfīsm and deny Ṣūfī thought altogether. Kāmil Muṣṭafā al-Shaybī, who conducted an independent and comprehensive study on the subject, attempted to reveal the similarities between Shīʿa and Ṣūfīsm in all aspects. In this context, he particularly references the famous Ṣūfī and hadith scholar al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī, especially in the context of the concept of walāyah. On the other hand, al-Ṭahrānī, known for his voluminous work on Shīʿa literature, also mentions al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī as a Shīʿa scholar and one of his literary compositions as an example of Shīʿa literature. It can be said that al-Ḥakīms idea that the Islamic ummah can never be without a walī, similar to the Shīʿa theory that the earth cannot be without an Imam in the context of walāyah and imāmate, bears a rhetorical similarity to Shīʿa discourse. However, his explanations about who these walīs will be and their qualities reveal how far he stands from Shīʿa. This study examines al-Ḥakīms views on concepts and notions such as Ahl al-bayt and the Companions, which are subjects of controversy between Shīʿa and Ahl al-Sunnah, in light of his work Nawādir al-uṣūl, a hadith commentary, and attempts to verify if the claim that every Ṣūfī must be a Shīʿa, at least in the context of al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī, holds true.

 There are significant similarities between Ṣūfī thought and Shīʿa, if not in all aspects, at least in some. These similarities are more apparent in the theories such as mahdism, imāmatewalāyah, and al-Nūr al-Muḥammadī. As a matter of fact, within Shīʿa, there is a tendency to view Ṣūfīsm and Shīʿa thought as almost a unified whole. It has even been argued that every Ṣūfī must necessarily be an Imāmī Shīʿite and every Shīʿite must be a Ṣūfī. However, there are also Shīʿa scholars who claim that Shīʿa has no connection with Ṣūfīsm and deny Ṣūfī thought altogether. Kāmil Muṣṭafā al-Shaybī, who conducted an independent and comprehensive study on the subject, attempted to reveal the similarities between Shīʿa and Ṣūfīsm in all aspects. In this context, he particularly references the famous Ṣūfī and hadith scholar al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī, especially in the context of the concept of walāyah. On the other hand, al-Ṭahrānī, known for his voluminous work on Shīʿa literature, also mentions al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī as a Shīʿa scholar and one of his literary compositions as an example of Shīʿa literature. It can be said that al-Ḥakīms idea that the Islamic ummah can never be without a walī, similar to the Shīʿa theory that the earth cannot be without an Imam in the context of walāyah and imāmate, bears a rhetorical similarity to Shīʿa discourse. However, his explanations about who these walīs will be and their qualities reveal how far he stands from Shīʿa. This study examines al-Ḥakīms views on concepts and notions such as Ahl al-bayt and the Companions, which are subjects of controversy between Shīʿa and Ahl al-Sunnah, in light of his work Nawādir al-uṣūl, a hadith commentary, and attempts to verify if the claim that every Ṣūfī must be a Shīʿa, at least in the context of al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī, holds true.

 There are significant similarities between Ṣūfī thought and Shīʿa, if not in all aspects, at least in some. These similarities are more apparent in the theories such as mahdism, imāmatewalāyah, and al-Nūr al-Muḥammadī. As a matter of fact, within Shīʿa, there is a tendency to view Ṣūfīsm and Shīʿa thought as almost a unified whole. It has even been argued that every Ṣūfī must necessarily be an Imāmī Shīʿite and every Shīʿite must be a Ṣūfī. However, there are also Shīʿa scholars who claim that Shīʿa has no connection with Ṣūfīsm and deny Ṣūfī thought altogether. Kāmil Muṣṭafā al-Shaybī, who conducted an independent and comprehensive study on the subject, attempted to reveal the similarities between Shīʿa and Ṣūfīsm in all aspects. In this context, he particularly references the famous Ṣūfī and hadith scholar al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī, especially in the context of the concept of walāyah. On the other hand, al-Ṭahrānī, known for his voluminous work on Shīʿa literature, also mentions al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī as a Shīʿa scholar and one of his literary compositions as an example of Shīʿa literature. It can be said that al-Ḥakīms idea that the Islamic ummah can never be without a walī, similar to the Shīʿa theory that the earth cannot be without an Imam in the context of walāyah and imāmate, bears a rhetorical similarity to Shīʿa discourse. However, his explanations about who these walīs will be and their qualities reveal how far he stands from Shīʿa. This study examines al-Ḥakīms views on concepts and notions such as Ahl al-bayt and the Companions, which are subjects of controversy between Shīʿa and Ahl al-Sunnah, in light of his work Nawādir al-uṣūl, a hadith commentary, and attempts to verify if the claim that every Ṣūfī must be a Shīʿa, at least in the context of al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī, holds true.

 Tasavvuf düşüncesi ile Şia arasında her konuda olmasa da bazı hususlarda önemli benzerlikler söz konusudur. Bu benzerlikler mehdilik, imametvelayet, Nûr-ı Muhammedî gibi nazariyelerde daha belirgin bir biçimde karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Nitekim Şia içerisinde de tasavvuf ile Şiî düşüncenin adeta bir bütün olduğu yönünde bir eğilim vardır. Öyle ki onlar her sûfînin mutlaka imâmî Şiî olması, her Şiînin de mutlaka mutasavvıf olması gerektiğini ileri sürmüşlerdir. Bununla birlikte Şianın tasavvufla hiçbir ilgisinin olmadığını ileri sürüp tasavvuf düşüncesini inkâr eden Şiî alimler de mevcuttur. Konuya dair müstakil ve kapsamlı bir çalışma yapan Mustafa Kamil Şeybî, Şia ile tasavvuf arasındaki benzerlikleri tüm yönleriyle ortaya koymaya çalışmıştır. O, bu bağlamda bilhassa velayet düşüncesi bağlamında meşhur sûfî ve hadisçi Hakîm Tirmizîye de referanslarda bulunmaktadır. Öte yandan Şiî literatüre dair yazdığı hacimli eseriyle bilinen Tahrânî de Hakîm Tirmizîye bir kitabı münasebetiyle bu eserinde ona yer vermektedir. Hakîmin velayet ve imamet meselesi bağlamında yeryüzünün imamsız kalamayacağı şeklindeki Şiî nazariyeye benzer olarak İslam ümmetinin hiçbir zaman velisiz kalamayacağı şeklindeki düşüncesinin Şia ile söylem benzerliği taşıdığı söylenebilir. Ancak bu velilerin kimler olacağına ve vasıflarına dair yaptığı açıklamalar onun Şiadan ne kadar uzak bir yerde durduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada Hakîmin, bir hadis şerhi olan Nevâdirul-usûl adlı eserinde Şia ve Ehl-i sünnet arasında polemik konusu olan Ehl-i beyt ve sahabe gibi bazı kavramlar ve mefhumlara dair görüşleri ışığında onun Şia hakkındaki düşüncelerine yer verilmiş böylece her mutasavvıfın bir Şiî olması gerektiği yönündeki iddianın en azından Hakîm Tirmizî bağlamında doğrulanıp doğrulanamayacağı tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.

Makale detayları

Is Every Ṣūfī a Shīʿī? The Example of al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī Based on His Views in Nawādir al-uṣūl Regarding the Concepts of Walāyah-Imāmate and Ahl al-bayt-Companions

Yazarlar:

Mahmut Demir

Yayıncı:

Van Yuzuncu Yıl University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hadis

Dergi:

Van İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 22, pp.105-122

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001350259

pISSN:

2667-615X

Hadith

Shīʿa

al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī

Ahl al-bayt

CompanionsHadis

Şia

Hakîm Tirmizî

Ehl-i beyt

Sahabe

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Mahmut Demir

Yayıncı: Van Yuzuncu Yıl University

Ana Başlıklar: Hadis

Dergi: Van İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 22, pp.105-122

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2025

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2001350259

pISSN: 2667-615X

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Mahmut Demir

Yayıncı:

Van Yuzuncu Yıl University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hadis

Dergi:

Van İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 22, pp.105-122

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001350259

pISSN:

2667-615X