EXAMINATION OF UNEMPLOYMENT CONVERGENCE BETWEEN G-20 COUNTRIES WITH FOURIER PANEL UNIT ROOT TEST

Ahmet Demiralp; İbrahim Sezer Belliler

Makale detayları

EXAMINATION OF UNEMPLOYMENT CONVERGENCE BETWEEN G-20 COUNTRIES WITH FOURIER PANEL UNIT ROOT TEST

Yazarlar:

Ahmet Demiralp | İbrahim Sezer Belliler

Yayıncı:

Inonu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Ekonometri (Diğer)

Dergi:

Akademik Yaklaşımlar Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 2, pp.576-590

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001305107

pISSN:

2146-1740

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The fact that production can operate at full employment capacity and the countrys ability to use its resources with full efficiency are among the most important macroeconomic indicators. The full employment level, especially in developing countries, shows no idle resources. For developed countries, keeping unemployment at a natural level is important in terms of ensuring sustainable economic growth. The concept of convergence attracts researchers attention as a concept frequently used in different fields in the economics literature. The frequently discussed income convergence; is defined as the potential of developing countries to have higher growth rates than developed countries and reach the income levels of developed countries after a while. In the study, a panel data set covering the unemployment rates of the G-20 member countries between the years 1991-2022 was used. Bahmani-Oskooee et al. 2014 Fourier panel unit root test was applied to determine the unemployment convergence of G-20 countries. The unit root test used is a current and powerful method in that it allows both cross-sectional dependence and structural breaks. According to the test results, the heterogeneous alternative hypothesis, which states that some of the G-20 countries show convergence behavior, could not be rejected. In addition, according to the results of the F test, which tests the significance of smooth transitions, the Fourier terms of all countries except China, South Korea, and Argentina were found to be significant. According to the results of the study, it was determined that the unemployment rates of Brazil, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Saudi Arabia, and South Africa showed convergence behavior compared to the G-20 average.

 The fact that production can operate at full employment capacity and the countrys ability to use its resources with full efficiency are among the most important macroeconomic indicators. The full employment level, especially in developing countries, shows no idle resources. For developed countries, keeping unemployment at a natural level is important in terms of ensuring sustainable economic growth. The concept of convergence attracts researchers attention as a concept frequently used in different fields in the economics literature. The frequently discussed income convergence; is defined as the potential of developing countries to have higher growth rates than developed countries and reach the income levels of developed countries after a while. In the study, a panel data set covering the unemployment rates of the G-20 member countries between the years 1991-2022 was used. Bahmani-Oskooee et al. 2014 Fourier panel unit root test was applied to determine the unemployment convergence of G-20 countries. The unit root test used is a current and powerful method in that it allows both cross-sectional dependence and structural breaks. According to the test results, the heterogeneous alternative hypothesis, which states that some of the G-20 countries show convergence behavior, could not be rejected. In addition, according to the results of the F test, which tests the significance of smooth transitions, the Fourier terms of all countries except China, South Korea, and Argentina were found to be significant. According to the results of the study, it was determined that the unemployment rates of Brazil, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Saudi Arabia, and South Africa showed convergence behavior compared to the G-20 average.

 The fact that production can operate at full employment capacity and the countrys ability to use its resources with full efficiency are among the most important macroeconomic indicators. The full employment level, especially in developing countries, shows no idle resources. For developed countries, keeping unemployment at a natural level is important in terms of ensuring sustainable economic growth. The concept of convergence attracts researchers attention as a concept frequently used in different fields in the economics literature. The frequently discussed income convergence; is defined as the potential of developing countries to have higher growth rates than developed countries and reach the income levels of developed countries after a while. In the study, a panel data set covering the unemployment rates of the G-20 member countries between the years 1991-2022 was used. Bahmani-Oskooee et al. 2014 Fourier panel unit root test was applied to determine the unemployment convergence of G-20 countries. The unit root test used is a current and powerful method in that it allows both cross-sectional dependence and structural breaks. According to the test results, the heterogeneous alternative hypothesis, which states that some of the G-20 countries show convergence behavior, could not be rejected. In addition, according to the results of the F test, which tests the significance of smooth transitions, the Fourier terms of all countries except China, South Korea, and Argentina were found to be significant. According to the results of the study, it was determined that the unemployment rates of Brazil, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Saudi Arabia, and South Africa showed convergence behavior compared to the G-20 average.

 Üretimin tam istihdam kapasite düzeyinde çalışabilmesi, ülkenin kaynaklarını tam verimlilikle kullanabilmesi en önemli makroekonomik göstergelerin başında gelmektedir. Özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerin nezdinde tam istihdam düzeyi hiçbir kaynağın âtıl durumda olmadığını göstermektedir. Gelişmiş ülkeler için ise işsizliğin doğal düzeyde tutulması sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyümenin sağlanması açısından önemlidir. Yakınsama kavramı iktisat literatüründe farklı alanlarda sıklıkla kullanılan bir kavram olarak araştırmacıların ilgisini çekmektedir. Sıkça tartışılan gelir yakınsaması; gelişmekte olan ülkelerin gelişmiş ülkelere kıyasla daha yüksek büyüme oranlarına sahip olduğu ve bir süre sonra gelişmiş ülkelerin gelir seviyelerine ulaşma potansiyeli olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Çalışmada G-20 üye ülkelerin 1991-2022 yılları arasındaki işsizlik oranlarını kapsayan panel veri seti kullanılmıştır. G-20 ülkelerinin işsizlik yakınsamasının tespit edilebilmesi için Bahmani-Oskooee vd. 2014 Fourier panel birim kök testi uygulanmıştır. Kullanılan birim kök testi hem yatay kesit bağımlılığına hem de yapısal kırılmalara izin vermesi yönünden güncel ve güçlü bir yöntemdir. Test sonuçlarına göre G-20 ülkelerinin bazılarının yakınsama davranışı gösterdiğini ifade eden heterojen alternatif hipotez reddedilememiştir. Ayrıca yumuşak geçişlerin anlamlılığını sınayan F testi sonuçlarına göre Çin, Güney Kore, Arjantin hariç diğer tüm ülkelerin Fourier terimleri anlamlı bulunmuştur. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre Brezilya, Fransa, Almanya, Hindistan, İtalya, Japonya, Suudi Arabistan ve Güney Afrikanın işsizlik oranları G-20 ortalamasına göre yakınsama davranışı gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.

Makale detayları

EXAMINATION OF UNEMPLOYMENT CONVERGENCE BETWEEN G-20 COUNTRIES WITH FOURIER PANEL UNIT ROOT TEST

Yazarlar:

Ahmet Demiralp | İbrahim Sezer Belliler

Yayıncı:

Inonu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Ekonometri (Diğer)

Dergi:

Akademik Yaklaşımlar Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 2, pp.576-590

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001305107

pISSN:

2146-1740

Unemployment convergence

Fourier panel unit root test

G-20 countriesİşsizlik yakınsaması

Fourier panel birim kök testi

G-20 ülkeleri

Sayı

Makale detayları

EXAMINATION OF UNEMPLOYMENT CONVERGENCE BETWEEN G-20 COUNTRIES WITH FOURIER PANEL UNIT ROOT TEST

Yazarlar: Ahmet Demiralp | İbrahim Sezer Belliler

Yayıncı: Inonu University

Ana Başlıklar: Ekonometri (Diğer)

Dergi: Akademik Yaklaşımlar Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 2, pp.576-590

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001305107

pISSN: 2146-1740

Unemployment convergence

Fourier panel unit root test

G-20 countriesİşsizlik yakınsaması

Fourier panel birim kök testi

G-20 ülkeleri

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Ahmet Demiralp | İbrahim Sezer Belliler

Yayıncı:

Inonu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Ekonometri (Diğer)

Dergi:

Akademik Yaklaşımlar Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 2, pp.576-590

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001305107

pISSN:

2146-1740