İslam-Tıp Etkileşiminin Sosyolojik Bir Ürünü Olarak Tıbb-ı Nebevi

Talip DEMİR

Makale detayları

İslam-Tıp Etkileşiminin Sosyolojik Bir Ürünü Olarak Tıbb-ı Nebevi

Yazarlar:

Talip DEMİR

Yayıncı:

Hatay Mustafa Kemal University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din

Dergi:

Antakiyat/Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 2020 Vol.3 Issue 1, pp.24-43

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2020

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2000858319

Sıklık:

İki Yıllık

eISSN:

2667-4017

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 

Tıbb-ı Nebevi ifadesi, hastalıkların tedavisi ve sağlığın korunması hakkında Hz. Peygamber’den nakledilen hadisleri, kendisine başkaları tarafından uygulanan tıbbî uygulamaları, hem kendisi hem de başkaları üzerinde bizzat Hz. Peygamber tarafından uygulanan tıbbî işlemleri, uygulandığı hâlde Hz. Peygamber’in itiraz etmediği tıbbî müdahaleler ile onun dinlediği, bildiği veya yasaklamadığı tıbbî usulleri ve bunlara dair zaman içinde oluşan alanyazını ifade etmektedir. İslam alanyazınında dikkate değer bir birikim oluşturan bu oluşum sistematik ve özgün bir başlık olarak 13. yüzyıldan itibaren yaygınlaşmaya başlamıştır. Bu noktada söz konusu külliyatın ortaya çıkış zamanının İslam tıbbının dünya çapında zirvede olduğu bir döneme denk gelmesi oldukça manidardır. Zira mezkur dönemde tıp alanında birer otorite olarak kabul edilen İbn Sina ve Ebu Bekir er-Razi gibi hekimlerin hastalık ve sağlığa yönelik tutumlarının rasyonel/seküler bir karakter arz ettiği görülmektedir. Çalışmamızda Tıbb-ı Nebevi’nin değeri ve önemi ile birlikte bu oluşumun hem tarihsel süreçte hem de yakın geçmişte (yeniden) ortaya çıkmasında etkili olan sosyolojik faktörlerin analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Netice itibariyle söz konusu oluşumun tarihsel süreçte ortaya çıkması üzerinde etkili olan en önemli faktörlerden birinin, doğası gereği seküler bir uğraş olan tıp bilimine karşı gösterilmiş olan korumacı bir tepki olduğu, buna ilaveten Tıbb-ı Nebevi eserleri içerisinde yer alan birtakım uygulamaların, özellikle 20. yüzyılın son çeyreğinden itibaren alternatif ya da tamamlayıcı tıp adı altında meşrulaştırılarak tüketim kültürüne entegre edildiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

 

The expression of Tibb al-Nabawi refers to the hadiths about treatment of diseases and health protection that was transferred from the Prophet, the medical practices applied to him by others, the medical procedures applied by the Prophet himself and on others, medical interventions that were not objected to by the Prophet even though it was practiced, and the medical procedures he listened, knew or do not prohibited, and the literature that emerged over time. This formation, which constitutes a remarkable accumulation in the Islamic literature, began to spread as a systematic and original title from the 13th century onwards. At this point, it is quite meaningful that the time for the emergence of this corpus coincided with a period in which Islamic medicine was at the peak of the world. Because, it is seen that the attitudes of physicians such as Ibn Sina and Abu Bakr er-Razi, who were accepted as an authority in medicine in the mentioned period, have a rational/secular character in their attitudes towards illness and health. In our study, it was aimed to analyze the value and importance of Tibb al-Nabawi, as well as the sociological factors that affect this formation both in the historical process and in the recent (re) occurrence. As a result, it has been concluded that one of the most important factors influencing the occurrence of the formation in the historical process is a protective reaction against medical science, which is a secular pursuit by nature. In addition, it has been concluded that some of the practices in Tibb al-Nabawi works have been legitimized as alternative or complementary medicine and integrated into the consumer culture, especially since the last quarter of the twentieth century.Although the first examples of the works written in this framework appeared in the 9th century, they started to become widespread since the 13th century as a systematic and original title. The works produced under this title are written with the desire to present a rich knowledge by referring to the Prophet whatever is related to the medicine of the period. Moreover, while the medical information about the Prophet's period is revealed in these works, it is seen that the information about Greek medicine is used and many information about the ancient physicians are mentioned. At this point, it can be said that the real problem is related to the source of the information mentioned in the hadiths of the Prophet about medicine. Therefore, the perspective towards Sunnah and the Prophet, which we can consider as a mentality shaped by the effect of various social processes that emerged over time, seems to be one of the main factors that shape the discussions about the value, importance, and impact of Tibb al-Nabawi.The association of the medical profession with the Prophet can be considered as an excessive expression of a well-intentioned love show. Because the Prophet was not a physician, he himself was treated by a physician and he advised the patients to go to the qualified physicians. The recommendations of the Prophet on health include the beliefs and information that are conveyed verbally in the cultural basin of the period and applied by everyone, whether believing or not. Moreover, some of these knowledge and beliefs were proven scientifically erroneous as a result of the development of modern medicine.Four different views have been put forward about the reasons for the formation of the Tibb al-Nabawi literature. 1- This formation has been seen by many medical historians as a reaction to the spread of Galen medicine and is thought to represent an alternative or separate parallel practice involving methods not accepted in the Galenic paradigm. 2- To legitimize medical treatment by showing that the acceptance of medicine does not destroy belief in God. 3- Transferring the medical authority from Galen to the Prophet and 4- It was stated that this formation did not emerge in parallel with the Galenic theory and tradition or even as a response, but it is a kind of cognitive and discursive form that derives its epistemic elements from the Galenic narrative.As a result, it is understood that the works recently written about Tibb al-Nabawi tend to praise and even show it as an alternative to modern medicine rather than introducing this literature. However, the literature of Tibb al-Nabawi should be evaluated from a critical perspective. When looking at the classical works produced within this framework, it is seen that the hadiths mentioned there are quite problematic in terms of health and at the same time, there is a serious problem of signification in these hadiths. It can be said that such studies, carried out in order to glorify the position and value of the Prophet, may leave the Prophet under suspicion and accusation over time, so that he may lose his reputation in the society. Moreover, it is seen that some of the practices in Tıbb-ı Nebevi works are legitimized under the name of alternative or complementary medicine and integrated into the consumer culture. This situation can be interpreted as an indication that the Prophet in particular, and religion in general, was abused by instrumentalizing the consumption process.On the other hand, the desire to create an Islamic medicine, which is one of the motives that is effective in the emergence of Tibb al-Nabawi, has contributed to the reinforcement of the belief that God has a role and influence in everything that is happening in the universe, thanks to the fact that medicine, which is a secular pursuit by nature, is drawn into the religious basin. Therefore, it can be said that the appearance, development and widespread of the Tibb al-Nabawi is both a multidimensional sociological process and a protective reaction against the "threat" of secularization that could happen at any moment within the institutionalization process of religions. Moreover, it can be argued that such a reaction against secularization has implicitly prevented the advancement of the science of medicine in the Islamic world despite the efforts of many Muslim physicians such as Ibn Sina, Abu Bakr er-Razi and Ibn Rushd who have deeply affected the medical world.

Makale detayları

İslam-Tıp Etkileşiminin Sosyolojik Bir Ürünü Olarak Tıbb-ı Nebevi

Yazarlar:

Talip DEMİR

Yayıncı:

Hatay Mustafa Kemal University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din

Dergi:

Antakiyat/Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 2020 Vol.3 Issue 1, pp.24-43

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2020

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2000858319

Sıklık:

İki Yıllık

eISSN:

2667-4017

Din Sosyolojisi

İslam

Tıp

Tıbb-ı Nebevi

Sekülerleşme

Sayı

Makale detayları

İslam-Tıp Etkileşiminin Sosyolojik Bir Ürünü Olarak Tıbb-ı Nebevi

Yazarlar: Talip DEMİR

Yayıncı: Hatay Mustafa Kemal University

Ana Başlıklar: Din

Dergi: Antakiyat/Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 2020 Vol.3 Issue 1, pp.24-43

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2020

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2000858319

Sıklık: İki Yıllık

eISSN: 2667-4017

Din Sosyolojisi

İslam

Tıp

Tıbb-ı Nebevi

Sekülerleşme

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Talip DEMİR

Yayıncı:

Hatay Mustafa Kemal University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din

Dergi:

Antakiyat/Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 2020 Vol.3 Issue 1, pp.24-43

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2020

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2000858319

Sıklık:

İki Yıllık

eISSN:

2667-4017