TRANSFORMATION of MIGRATION POLICIES and MIGRATION GOVERNANCE in TURKEY

Çiğdem Manap

Makale detayları

TRANSFORMATION of MIGRATION POLICIES and MIGRATION GOVERNANCE in TURKEY

Yazarlar:

Çiğdem Manap

Yayıncı:

Inonu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Uluslararası Göç

Dergi:

Akademik Yaklaşımlar Dergisi Vol.16 Issue 1, pp.521-538

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001351085

pISSN:

2146-1740

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The foundation of contemporary migration policies is closely tied to the framework of nation-states, both politically and economically. Its undeniable that states migration policies evolve to the prevailing political and economic circumstances. This study focuses on the transformation of Turkeys migration policies and the periodic factors that led to this transformation. During the Republics early years, migration policy was initially established under the 1934 Settlement Law as part of the exchange process. This policy aimed to expel non-Turkish descendants from the country and replace them with Turkish descendants, aligning to create a nation-state. As new forms of migration emerged, the need for revision in migration management became apparent, leading to the development of the Law on Passports and Foreigners in the 1950s, the Asylum Regulation in 1994, and the 2013 Law on Foreigners and International Protection. In this study, legal texts, public policies, and discourses are examined within a historical-sociological framework. The transformation of migration policies is analyzed through ideological, institutional, and discursive dimensions, and the points of continuity and rupture between different periods are discussed. The findings reveal that the dominant concept in Turkeys migration governance has historically been temporariness, yet this understanding has been eroded in practice due to the volume and persistence of migration flows. Furthermore, the study concludes that nation-building, security concerns, and international obligations have simultaneously shaped migration policies, although the relative influence of these factors has shifted and been reconfigured over time.

 The foundation of contemporary migration policies is closely tied to the framework of nation-states, both politically and economically. Its undeniable that states migration policies evolve to the prevailing political and economic circumstances. This study focuses on the transformation of Turkeys migration policies and the periodic factors that led to this transformation. During the Republics early years, migration policy was initially established under the 1934 Settlement Law as part of the exchange process. This policy aimed to expel non-Turkish descendants from the country and replace them with Turkish descendants, aligning to create a nation-state. As new forms of migration emerged, the need for revision in migration management became apparent, leading to the development of the Law on Passports and Foreigners in the 1950s, the Asylum Regulation in 1994, and the 2013 Law on Foreigners and International Protection. In this study, legal texts, public policies, and discourses are examined within a historical-sociological framework. The transformation of migration policies is analyzed through ideological, institutional, and discursive dimensions, and the points of continuity and rupture between different periods are discussed. The findings reveal that the dominant concept in Turkeys migration governance has historically been temporariness, yet this understanding has been eroded in practice due to the volume and persistence of migration flows. Furthermore, the study concludes that nation-building, security concerns, and international obligations have simultaneously shaped migration policies, although the relative influence of these factors has shifted and been reconfigured over time.

 The foundation of contemporary migration policies is closely tied to the framework of nation-states, both politically and economically. Its undeniable that states migration policies evolve to the prevailing political and economic circumstances. This study focuses on the transformation of Turkeys migration policies and the periodic factors that led to this transformation. During the Republics early years, migration policy was initially established under the 1934 Settlement Law as part of the exchange process. This policy aimed to expel non-Turkish descendants from the country and replace them with Turkish descendants, aligning to create a nation-state. As new forms of migration emerged, the need for revision in migration management became apparent, leading to the development of the Law on Passports and Foreigners in the 1950s, the Asylum Regulation in 1994, and the 2013 Law on Foreigners and International Protection. In this study, legal texts, public policies, and discourses are examined within a historical-sociological framework. The transformation of migration policies is analyzed through ideological, institutional, and discursive dimensions, and the points of continuity and rupture between different periods are discussed. The findings reveal that the dominant concept in Turkeys migration governance has historically been temporariness, yet this understanding has been eroded in practice due to the volume and persistence of migration flows. Furthermore, the study concludes that nation-building, security concerns, and international obligations have simultaneously shaped migration policies, although the relative influence of these factors has shifted and been reconfigured over time.

 Modern göç politikalarının temeli hem politik hem de ekonomik olarak ulus devletler sisteminden bağımsız değildir. Devletlerin göç politikaları ise kuşkusuz siyasi ve ekonomik konjonktüre bağlı olarak değişmektedir. Bu çalışma, Türkiyenin göç politikalarının dönüşümü ve bu dönüşüme neden olan dönemsel unsurlara odaklanmaktadır. Cumhuriyetin kuruluş yıllarında göç politikası ulus-devlet oluşturma çabalarının bir sonucu olarak Türk soylu olmayanların ülkeden gönderilerek yerlerine Türk soylu olanların yerleştirilmesini öngören mübadele süreci koşullarında 1934 İskân Kanunu çerçevesinde şekillenmiş; 1950lere gelindiğinde Pasaport ve Yabancılar Kanunu, 1994te İltica Yönetmeliği ve 2013 Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu yeni göç biçimleri ya da göç dalgaları karşısında göç yönetiminde revizyon ihtiyacına karşılık olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışmada yasal metinler, kamu politikaları ve söylemler tarihsel-sosyolojik bir çerçevede incelenmiştir. Göç politikalarının dönüşüm süreci ideolojik, kurumsal ve söylemsel boyutlarıyla analiz edilerek dönemler arası süreklilik ve kopuş noktaları tartışılmıştır. Bulgular Türkiyenin göç yönetiminde başat kavramın tarihsel olarak geçicilik olduğunu ancak göçmen akışlarının hacmi ve sürekliliği nedeniyle bu anlayışın uygulamada aşındığını ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca göç politikalarının şekillenmesinde ulus inşası, güvenlik kaygısı ve uluslararası yükümlülüklerin eş zamanlı olarak etkili olduğu; ancak bu unsurların zaman içinde değişen ağırlıklarla yeniden konumlandığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Makale detayları

TRANSFORMATION of MIGRATION POLICIES and MIGRATION GOVERNANCE in TURKEY

Yazarlar:

Çiğdem Manap

Yayıncı:

Inonu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Uluslararası Göç

Dergi:

Akademik Yaklaşımlar Dergisi Vol.16 Issue 1, pp.521-538

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001351085

pISSN:

2146-1740

Türkiye

Migration policies

Nation-state

Migration managementTürkiye

Göç politikaları

Ulus-devlet

Göç yönetimi

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Çiğdem Manap

Yayıncı: Inonu University

Ana Başlıklar: Uluslararası Göç

Dergi: Akademik Yaklaşımlar Dergisi Vol.16 Issue 1, pp.521-538

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001351085

pISSN: 2146-1740

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Çiğdem Manap

Yayıncı:

Inonu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Uluslararası Göç

Dergi:

Akademik Yaklaşımlar Dergisi Vol.16 Issue 1, pp.521-538

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001351085

pISSN:

2146-1740