SUSTAINABLE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF PA6.6 COMPOSITES REINFORCED WITH COMMERCIAL CALCITE AND MUSSEL POWDER

Elif Ulutaş; Münir Taşdemir

Makale detayları

SUSTAINABLE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF PA6.6 COMPOSITES REINFORCED WITH COMMERCIAL CALCITE AND MUSSEL POWDER

Yazarlar:

Elif Ulutaş | Münir Taşdemir

Yayıncı:

Süleyman Demirel University

Ana Başlıklar:

Polimer Bilimi ve Teknolojileri

Dergi:

Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 3, pp.843-855

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001359333

pISSN:

1308-6693

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Filler materials are widely used to enhance the mechanical properties and reduce the cost of polymer composites. The dispersion of mineral and biogenic fillers within the polymer matrix has a significant influence on the strength and toughness of the composite. In this study, the effects of separately added commercial calcite and mussel shell powder on the mechanical and morphological properties of 35 glass fiber-reinforced Polyamide 6.6 PA6.6 were investigated. The matrix was modified by adding 10 wt, 20 wt, and 30 wt of either calcite or mussel shell powder, resulting in a total of six different composite groups, along with a reference sample, for a total of seven groups. The mixtures were prepared using the extrusion process and injection molding to produce test specimens. The results demonstrated that both fillers enhanced the elastic modulus while causing a decline in tensile strength and elongation at break. A decrease of 15 in tensile strength was observed with the maximum addition of shellfish powder, while a decrease of 25 was observed with the maximum addition of calcite. A similar trend was observed in flexural tests, where a reduction in flexural strength and deformation capacity accompanied an increase in flexural modulus. Additionally, the incorporation of commercial calcite and mussel shell powder led to an increase in hardness but resulted in a notable decrease in Izod notched impact strength. Scanning electron microscopy SEM analyses were conducted to examine the dispersion of the fillers within the PA6.6 matrix. This study provides valuable insights into the effects of filler materials on the mechanical performance of polymer composites, offering potential applications in material design and optimization.

 Filler materials are widely used to enhance the mechanical properties and reduce the cost of polymer composites. The dispersion of mineral and biogenic fillers within the polymer matrix has a significant influence on the strength and toughness of the composite. In this study, the effects of separately added commercial calcite and mussel shell powder on the mechanical and morphological properties of 35 glass fiber-reinforced Polyamide 6.6 PA6.6 were investigated. The matrix was modified by adding 10 wt, 20 wt, and 30 wt of either calcite or mussel shell powder, resulting in a total of six different composite groups, along with a reference sample, for a total of seven groups. The mixtures were prepared using the extrusion process and injection molding to produce test specimens. The results demonstrated that both fillers enhanced the elastic modulus while causing a decline in tensile strength and elongation at break. A decrease of 15 in tensile strength was observed with the maximum addition of shellfish powder, while a decrease of 25 was observed with the maximum addition of calcite. A similar trend was observed in flexural tests, where a reduction in flexural strength and deformation capacity accompanied an increase in flexural modulus. Additionally, the incorporation of commercial calcite and mussel shell powder led to an increase in hardness but resulted in a notable decrease in Izod notched impact strength. Scanning electron microscopy SEM analyses were conducted to examine the dispersion of the fillers within the PA6.6 matrix. This study provides valuable insights into the effects of filler materials on the mechanical performance of polymer composites, offering potential applications in material design and optimization.

 Filler materials are widely used to enhance the mechanical properties and reduce the cost of polymer composites. The dispersion of mineral and biogenic fillers within the polymer matrix has a significant influence on the strength and toughness of the composite. In this study, the effects of separately added commercial calcite and mussel shell powder on the mechanical and morphological properties of 35 glass fiber-reinforced Polyamide 6.6 PA6.6 were investigated. The matrix was modified by adding 10 wt, 20 wt, and 30 wt of either calcite or mussel shell powder, resulting in a total of six different composite groups, along with a reference sample, for a total of seven groups. The mixtures were prepared using the extrusion process and injection molding to produce test specimens. The results demonstrated that both fillers enhanced the elastic modulus while causing a decline in tensile strength and elongation at break. A decrease of 15 in tensile strength was observed with the maximum addition of shellfish powder, while a decrease of 25 was observed with the maximum addition of calcite. A similar trend was observed in flexural tests, where a reduction in flexural strength and deformation capacity accompanied an increase in flexural modulus. Additionally, the incorporation of commercial calcite and mussel shell powder led to an increase in hardness but resulted in a notable decrease in Izod notched impact strength. Scanning electron microscopy SEM analyses were conducted to examine the dispersion of the fillers within the PA6.6 matrix. This study provides valuable insights into the effects of filler materials on the mechanical performance of polymer composites, offering potential applications in material design and optimization.

 Polimer kompozitlerin mekanik özelliklerini iyileştirmek ve maliyetlerini azaltmak amacıyla dolgu malzemeleri yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Mineral ve biyojenik dolgu maddelerinin polimer matris içindeki dağılımı, kompozitin mukavemeti ve tokluğu üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, 35 cam elyaf takviyeli Poliamid 6.6 PA6.6 içerisine ayrı ayrı ticari kalsit ve midye tozu ilave edilerek, bu katkıların mekanik ve morfolojik özellikler üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Matris içerisine ağırlıkça 10, 20 ve 30 oranlarında kalsit veya midye tozu eklenerek, her katkı için üçer olmak üzere toplam altı farklı kompozit grup ve bir referans numunesiyle birlikte yedi grup oluşturulmuştur. Karışımlar ekstrüzyon yöntemiyle hazırlanmış ve enjeksiyon kalıplama ile numuneler üretilmiştir. Sonuçlar, her iki dolgu malzemesinin elastiklik modülünü artırırken, çekme mukavemeti ve kopma uzaması değerlerinde düşüşe neden olduğunu göstermektedir. Çekme mukavemetinde maksimum oranda midye tozu ilavesiyle 15 azalma; maksimum oranda kalsit ilavesiyle 25 azalma ise gözlemlenmiştir. Eğilme testlerinde de benzer bir eğilim gözlemlenmiş; eğilme modülünde artış sağlanırken, eğilme mukavemeti ve deformasyon yeteneğinde azalma tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, ticari kalsit ve midye tozu ilavesi sertlik değerlerinde artış sağlarken, Izod çentikli darbe mukavemetinde belirgin bir düşüş meydana gelmiştir. Taramalı elektron mikroskobu SEM analizleri, PA6.6 matrisi içinde dolgu malzemelerinin dağılımını incelemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışma, polimer kompozitlerinin mekanik özelliklerini modifiye etmeye yönelik dolgu malzemelerinin etkilerini ortaya koyarak, malzeme tasarımına yönelik potansiyel uygulamalara katkı sunmaktadır.

Makale detayları

SUSTAINABLE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF PA6.6 COMPOSITES REINFORCED WITH COMMERCIAL CALCITE AND MUSSEL POWDER

Yazarlar:

Elif Ulutaş | Münir Taşdemir

Yayıncı:

Süleyman Demirel University

Ana Başlıklar:

Polimer Bilimi ve Teknolojileri

Dergi:

Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 3, pp.843-855

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001359333

pISSN:

1308-6693

Polyamide 6.6

Calcite

Mussel Shell Powder

Mechanical Properties

Morphological AnalysisPoliamid 6.6

Kalsit

Midye Tozu

Mekanik Özellikler

Morfolojik Analiz

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Elif Ulutaş | Münir Taşdemir

Yayıncı: Süleyman Demirel University

Ana Başlıklar: Polimer Bilimi ve Teknolojileri

Dergi: Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 3, pp.843-855

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 9/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001359333

pISSN: 1308-6693

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Elif Ulutaş | Münir Taşdemir

Yayıncı:

Süleyman Demirel University

Ana Başlıklar:

Polimer Bilimi ve Teknolojileri

Dergi:

Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 3, pp.843-855

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001359333

pISSN:

1308-6693