Suprasegmental Phonemes in Conversational Arabic: Stress, Intonation, Pause and Stop

Zeynep Özkanlı

Makale detayları

Suprasegmental Phonemes in Conversational Arabic: Stress, Intonation, Pause and Stop

Yazarlar:

Zeynep Özkanlı

Yayıncı:

Nigde Omer Halisdemir University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi:

Nisar Issue 3, pp.47-59

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

11/2023

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001304533

pISSN:

2979-9147

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 For the first time in history, the sounds of a language was divided into phonemes called vowels and consonants by the famous Ancient Greek philosopher Plato 428-348 BC. Vowels and consonants are phonemes belonging to the written language, and each of them is represented by grapheme called letters. In the 20th century, the American linguist Kenneth Lee Pike 1912 - 2000 added a new dimension to Platos classification of vowels and consonants with the concepts of segmental and suprasegmental. According to this classification, vowels and consonants are segmented phonemes because they belong to a single sound part: stress, intonation, stop, pause, duration, melody, etc. Phonemes are called suprasegmental phonemes because they belong to multiple part, such as words, syllables, and sentences. Suprasegmental phonemes generally have prosodic features and are related to conversational language sounds. For this reason, unlike segmental phonemes, they do not have equivalents in written language; they are only noticed by hearing. They are closely related to the syllables, words and, sentences produced during speaking and their effective transmission to the receiver. These phonemes are called morphemes when they have a meaning-discriminating function in the language. In this study prepared using the literature review method, Modern Standard Arabic is examined in line with the views of modern Arab phoneticians such as Ibrahim Anis 1906 - 1977, Kamal Bishr 1921 - 2015, Bassam Baraka b. 1950, Isam Noreddin b.1947. It is aimed to determine what suprasegmental phonemes are. In addition, it will try to reveal how the identified suprasegmental phonemes were named and given meaning by the mentioned Arabic phoneticians, and typical examples of these phonemes in Modern Standard Arabic will be included. Based on these examples, it is among the studys objectives to address whether the suprasegmental phonemes of Modern Standard Arabic have prosodic features or not.

 For the first time in history, the sounds of a language was divided into phonemes called vowels and consonants by the famous Ancient Greek philosopher Plato 428-348 BC. Vowels and consonants are phonemes belonging to the written language, and each of them is represented by grapheme called letters. In the 20th century, the American linguist Kenneth Lee Pike 1912 - 2000 added a new dimension to Platos classification of vowels and consonants with the concepts of segmental and suprasegmental. According to this classification, vowels and consonants are segmented phonemes because they belong to a single sound part: stress, intonation, stop, pause, duration, melody, etc. Phonemes are called suprasegmental phonemes because they belong to multiple part, such as words, syllables, and sentences. Suprasegmental phonemes generally have prosodic features and are related to conversational language sounds. For this reason, unlike segmental phonemes, they do not have equivalents in written language; they are only noticed by hearing. They are closely related to the syllables, words and, sentences produced during speaking and their effective transmission to the receiver. These phonemes are called morphemes when they have a meaning-discriminating function in the language. In this study prepared using the literature review method, Modern Standard Arabic is examined in line with the views of modern Arab phoneticians such as Ibrahim Anis 1906 - 1977, Kamal Bishr 1921 - 2015, Bassam Baraka b. 1950, Isam Noreddin b.1947. It is aimed to determine what suprasegmental phonemes are. In addition, it will try to reveal how the identified suprasegmental phonemes were named and given meaning by the mentioned Arabic phoneticians, and typical examples of these phonemes in Modern Standard Arabic will be included. Based on these examples, it is among the studys objectives to address whether the suprasegmental phonemes of Modern Standard Arabic have prosodic features or not.

 For the first time in history, the sounds of a language was divided into phonemes called vowels and consonants by the famous Ancient Greek philosopher Plato 428-348 BC. Vowels and consonants are phonemes belonging to the written language, and each of them is represented by grapheme called letters. In the 20th century, the American linguist Kenneth Lee Pike 1912 - 2000 added a new dimension to Platos classification of vowels and consonants with the concepts of segmental and suprasegmental. According to this classification, vowels and consonants are segmented phonemes because they belong to a single sound part: stress, intonation, stop, pause, duration, melody, etc. Phonemes are called suprasegmental phonemes because they belong to multiple part, such as words, syllables, and sentences. Suprasegmental phonemes generally have prosodic features and are related to conversational language sounds. For this reason, unlike segmental phonemes, they do not have equivalents in written language; they are only noticed by hearing. They are closely related to the syllables, words and, sentences produced during speaking and their effective transmission to the receiver. These phonemes are called morphemes when they have a meaning-discriminating function in the language. In this study prepared using the literature review method, Modern Standard Arabic is examined in line with the views of modern Arab phoneticians such as Ibrahim Anis 1906 - 1977, Kamal Bishr 1921 - 2015, Bassam Baraka b. 1950, Isam Noreddin b.1947. It is aimed to determine what suprasegmental phonemes are. In addition, it will try to reveal how the identified suprasegmental phonemes were named and given meaning by the mentioned Arabic phoneticians, and typical examples of these phonemes in Modern Standard Arabic will be included. Based on these examples, it is among the studys objectives to address whether the suprasegmental phonemes of Modern Standard Arabic have prosodic features or not.

 Tarihte ilk kez, ünlü Antik Yunan filozofu Platon M.Ö. 428  348 tarafından, bir dilin ses varlığı, ünlü ve ünsüz adı verilen sesbirimlere ayrılmıştır. Ünlüler ve ünsüzler yazı diline ait olan sesbirimlerdir ve her biri harf adı verilen yazı birimlerle gösterilirler. 20. yüzyılda Amerikalı dilbilimci Kenneth Lee Pike 1912 - 2000 tarafından Platona ait ünlü ve ünsüz tasnifine, parçalı ve parçalarüstü kavramlarıyla yeni bir boyut kazandırılmıştır. Bu tasnife göre ünlü ve ünsüzler, tek bir ses parçasına ait olduklarından parçalı sesbirim; vurgu, tonlama, durma, duraklama, süre, kavşak, durak, ezgi vb. gibi sesbirimler ise kelime, hece ve tümce gibi birden fazla parçaya ait olduklarından, parçalarüstü sesbirim olarak adlandırılmıştır. Parçalarüstü sesbirimler, genellikle bürünsel özelliğe sahip olup sözlü dile ait birimlerdir. Bu nedenle parçalı sesbirimlerde olduğu gibi yazı dilinde karşılıkları bulunmaz, yalnızca işitilerek fark edilirler. Konuşma anında üretilen hece, sözcük, tümce ve bunların etkili bir biçimde alıcıya iletilmesi ile yakından ilişkilidirler. Bu sesbirimler, dilde anlam ayırt edici bir işleve sahip oldukları zaman, bürünbirim şeklinde adlandırılırlar. Literatür taraması yöntemi kullanılarak hazırlanan bu çalışmada, İbrahim Enis 1906 - 1977, Kemal Bişr 1921 - 2015, Bessam Bereke d.1950 , İsam Nureddin d.1947 gibi modern dönem Arap fonetikçilerinin görüşleri doğrultusunda, Modern Standart Arapçanın parçalarüstü sesbirimlerinin neler olduklarının tespit edilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Bununla birlikte tespiti yapılan parçalarüstü sesbirimlerin, isimleri zikredilen Arap fonetikçileri tarafından nasıl adlandırıldığı ve anlamlandırıldığı ortaya konmaya çalışılacak, bu sesbirimlerin Modern Standart Arapçadaki yaygın örneklerine yer verilecektir. Bu örneklerden yola çıkılarak Modern Standart Arapçanın parçalarüstü sesbirimlerinin bürünsel özellik taşıyıp taşımadığı konusunun da ele alınması, çalışmanın hedefleri arasında yer almaktadır.

Makale detayları

Suprasegmental Phonemes in Conversational Arabic: Stress, Intonation, Pause and Stop

Yazarlar:

Zeynep Özkanlı

Yayıncı:

Nigde Omer Halisdemir University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi:

Nisar Issue 3, pp.47-59

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

11/2023

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001304533

pISSN:

2979-9147

Keyword Phonetic

Suprasegmental Phonemes of Arabic

Stress

Intonation

Pause

StopFonetik

Arapçanın Parçalarüstü Sesbirimleri

Vurgu

Tonlama

Durma

Duraklama

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Zeynep Özkanlı

Yayıncı: Nigde Omer Halisdemir University

Ana Başlıklar: İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi: Nisar Issue 3, pp.47-59

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 11/2023

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2001304533

pISSN: 2979-9147

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Zeynep Özkanlı

Yayıncı:

Nigde Omer Halisdemir University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi:

Nisar Issue 3, pp.47-59

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

11/2023

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001304533

pISSN:

2979-9147