An Evaluation On Corporatisation in the Late Ottoman State

Emrah Yılmaz

Makale detayları

An Evaluation On Corporatisation in the Late Ottoman State

Yazarlar:

Emrah Yılmaz

Yayıncı:

Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University

Ana Başlıklar:

Yakınçağ Osmanlı Tarihi

Dergi:

Külliye Vol.6 Issue 1, pp.19-40

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001343515

pISSN:

2717-7351

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Depending on the volume and intensity of economic activities and capital accumulation, corporatisation has developed mostly in Western European countries, especially in countries such as England, France and the Netherlands since the 17th century. The prevalence of this phenomenon in continental Europe has led to the development of legal and social policies for incorporation. The phenomenon of corporatisation, which has been observed in Europe since the early modern period, followed a different path in the Ottoman geography and followed a process called Mudarebe, which can be expressed as a partnership between labour and capital. Although the Mudarebe system was applied in the classical period, in the 19th century, when the state entered the process of modernisation and started to follow a new economic policy, corporatisation followed a different and more practical path. In this new period, the importance of corporatisation was emphasised, especially by the Tanzimat bureaucrats, and this process was concretised with Şirket-i Hayriye and Ziraat Bank. While real corporatisation in the Ottoman Empire gained momentum with the Second Constitutional Monarchy, the Muslim-Turkish middle class, whose capital accumulation increased in this period, made a serious effort towards corporatisation. As a result of this effort, there was a significant increase in the number of joint stock companies, which were considered as commercial companies, until the end of World War I. Our research will focus on the corporatisation practice of the Second Constitutional Era and the economic models followed, and will try to investigate the corporatisation phenomenon of the period and its effects based on the example of Uhuvvet -i Osmaniye Carpet Joint Stock Company, which had the characteristics of a national company in this period.

 Depending on the volume and intensity of economic activities and capital accumulation, corporatisation has developed mostly in Western European countries, especially in countries such as England, France and the Netherlands since the 17th century. The prevalence of this phenomenon in continental Europe has led to the development of legal and social policies for incorporation. The phenomenon of corporatisation, which has been observed in Europe since the early modern period, followed a different path in the Ottoman geography and followed a process called Mudarebe, which can be expressed as a partnership between labour and capital. Although the Mudarebe system was applied in the classical period, in the 19th century, when the state entered the process of modernisation and started to follow a new economic policy, corporatisation followed a different and more practical path. In this new period, the importance of corporatisation was emphasised, especially by the Tanzimat bureaucrats, and this process was concretised with Şirket-i Hayriye and Ziraat Bank. While real corporatisation in the Ottoman Empire gained momentum with the Second Constitutional Monarchy, the Muslim-Turkish middle class, whose capital accumulation increased in this period, made a serious effort towards corporatisation. As a result of this effort, there was a significant increase in the number of joint stock companies, which were considered as commercial companies, until the end of World War I. Our research will focus on the corporatisation practice of the Second Constitutional Era and the economic models followed, and will try to investigate the corporatisation phenomenon of the period and its effects based on the example of Uhuvvet -i Osmaniye Carpet Joint Stock Company, which had the characteristics of a national company in this period.

 Depending on the volume and intensity of economic activities and capital accumulation, corporatisation has developed mostly in Western European countries, especially in countries such as England, France and the Netherlands since the 17th century. The prevalence of this phenomenon in continental Europe has led to the development of legal and social policies for incorporation. The phenomenon of corporatisation, which has been observed in Europe since the early modern period, followed a different path in the Ottoman geography and followed a process called Mudarebe, which can be expressed as a partnership between labour and capital. Although the Mudarebe system was applied in the classical period, in the 19th century, when the state entered the process of modernisation and started to follow a new economic policy, corporatisation followed a different and more practical path. In this new period, the importance of corporatisation was emphasised, especially by the Tanzimat bureaucrats, and this process was concretised with Şirket-i Hayriye and Ziraat Bank. While real corporatisation in the Ottoman Empire gained momentum with the Second Constitutional Monarchy, the Muslim-Turkish middle class, whose capital accumulation increased in this period, made a serious effort towards corporatisation. As a result of this effort, there was a significant increase in the number of joint stock companies, which were considered as commercial companies, until the end of World War I. Our research will focus on the corporatisation practice of the Second Constitutional Era and the economic models followed, and will try to investigate the corporatisation phenomenon of the period and its effects based on the example of Uhuvvet -i Osmaniye Carpet Joint Stock Company, which had the characteristics of a national company in this period.

 Şirketleşme, ekonomik faaliyetlerin hacim ve yoğunluğu ile sermaye birikimine bağlı olarak daha çok Batı Avrupa ülkelerinde ve özellikle de 17. yydan itibaren İngiltere, Fransa ve Hollanda gibi ülkelerde gelişme göstermiştir. Bu olgunun kıta Avrupasında yaygınlık kazanması şirketleşme için hukuki ve sosyal politikaların gelişmesini beraberinde getirmiştir. Avrupada erken modern dönemlerden itibaren görülen şirketleşme olgusu Osmanlı coğrafyasında farklı bir yol izlemiş ve adına Mudarebe denilen daha çok bir emek ve sermaye ortaklığı şeklinde ifade edilebilecek bir süreç izlemiştir. Mudarebe sistemi klasik dönemde uygulanmakla birlikte devletin modernleşme sürecine girdiği ve yeni bir ekonomi politik izlemeye başladığı 19. yüzyılda şirketleşme daha farklı ve pratik bir yol izlemiştir. Bu yeni dönemde başta Tanzimat bürokratları olmak üzere şirketleşmenin önemine vurgu yapılmış ve Şirket-i Hayriye ile Ziraat Bankasıyla bu süreç somutlaşmıştır. Osmanlı Devletinde gerçek anlamda şirketleşme II. Meşrutiyetle birlikte hız kazanırken bu dönemde sermaye birikimi artan Müslüman  Türk orta sınıf şirketleşme yönünde ciddi bir çaba göstermiştir. Bu çabanın sonucu olarak, I. Dünya Savaşının sonuna kadar ticari şirket olarak addedilen anonim şirket sayısında önemli bir artış yaşanmıştır. Araştırmamız, II. Meşrutiyetin şirketleşme pratiği ve izlenen ekonomik modeller üzerinde durarak bu dönemde milli bir şirket vasfına sahip olan Uhuvvet i Osmaniye Halı Anonim Şirketi örneğinden yola çıkarak dönemin şirketleşme olgusunu ve bunun etkilerini araştırmaya çalışacaktır.

Makale detayları

An Evaluation On Corporatisation in the Late Ottoman State

Yazarlar:

Emrah Yılmaz

Yayıncı:

Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University

Ana Başlıklar:

Yakınçağ Osmanlı Tarihi

Dergi:

Külliye Vol.6 Issue 1, pp.19-40

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001343515

pISSN:

2717-7351

Corporatisation

Committee of Union and Progress

Second Constitutional Era

Joint Stock CompaniesŞirketleşme

İttihat ve Terakki

II. Meşrutiyet

Anonim Şirketler

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Emrah Yılmaz

Yayıncı: Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University

Ana Başlıklar: Yakınçağ Osmanlı Tarihi

Dergi: Külliye Vol.6 Issue 1, pp.19-40

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 3/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001343515

pISSN: 2717-7351

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Emrah Yılmaz

Yayıncı:

Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University

Ana Başlıklar:

Yakınçağ Osmanlı Tarihi

Dergi:

Külliye Vol.6 Issue 1, pp.19-40

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001343515

pISSN:

2717-7351