The Reasons for Criticisms of Qur’anic Recitations in The First Four Centuries of Hijri

İdris Yiğit

Makale detayları

The Reasons for Criticisms of Qur’anic Recitations in The First Four Centuries of Hijri

Yazarlar:

İdris Yiğit

Yayıncı:

Mardin Artuklu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Kuran-ı Kerim Okuma ve Kıraat

Dergi:

Artuklu Akademi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.288-308

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001350325

pISSN:

2148-3264

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The codification of qirāʾāt sciences into written works occurred primarily between the 3rd and 4th centuries AH, following an extensive period of oral transmission. During this formative era, Islamic scholars systematically evaluated variant readings, establishing rigorous criteria to authenticate recitations. The primary standards for validation included linguistic conformity to classical Arabic and consensus ijmāʿ among recitation authorities. While many criticisms of non-canonical readings ostensibly focused on linguistic irregularities lahn, the underlying reasons for rejection were more complex. This study argues that three key historical factors significantly influenced scholarly critiques: 1 the oral-based transmission system prevalent before textual codification, 2 the absence of diacritical marks iʿjām and vowelization tashkīl in early muṣḥafs, and 3 the proliferation of regional recitation traditions amid competing scholarly methodologies. Through critical analysis of early qirāʾāt literature and biographical ṭabaqāt sources, this paper demonstrates how these contextual challenges - rather than purely textual considerations - shaped the evaluation and eventual exclusion of certain variant readings from the canonical tradition.

 The codification of qirāʾāt sciences into written works occurred primarily between the 3rd and 4th centuries AH, following an extensive period of oral transmission. During this formative era, Islamic scholars systematically evaluated variant readings, establishing rigorous criteria to authenticate recitations. The primary standards for validation included linguistic conformity to classical Arabic and consensus ijmāʿ among recitation authorities. While many criticisms of non-canonical readings ostensibly focused on linguistic irregularities lahn, the underlying reasons for rejection were more complex. This study argues that three key historical factors significantly influenced scholarly critiques: 1 the oral-based transmission system prevalent before textual codification, 2 the absence of diacritical marks iʿjām and vowelization tashkīl in early muṣḥafs, and 3 the proliferation of regional recitation traditions amid competing scholarly methodologies. Through critical analysis of early qirāʾāt literature and biographical ṭabaqāt sources, this paper demonstrates how these contextual challenges - rather than purely textual considerations - shaped the evaluation and eventual exclusion of certain variant readings from the canonical tradition.

 The codification of qirāʾāt sciences into written works occurred primarily between the 3rd and 4th centuries AH, following an extensive period of oral transmission. During this formative era, Islamic scholars systematically evaluated variant readings, establishing rigorous criteria to authenticate recitations. The primary standards for validation included linguistic conformity to classical Arabic and consensus ijmāʿ among recitation authorities. While many criticisms of non-canonical readings ostensibly focused on linguistic irregularities lahn, the underlying reasons for rejection were more complex. This study argues that three key historical factors significantly influenced scholarly critiques: 1 the oral-based transmission system prevalent before textual codification, 2 the absence of diacritical marks iʿjām and vowelization tashkīl in early muṣḥafs, and 3 the proliferation of regional recitation traditions amid competing scholarly methodologies. Through critical analysis of early qirāʾāt literature and biographical ṭabaqāt sources, this paper demonstrates how these contextual challenges - rather than purely textual considerations - shaped the evaluation and eventual exclusion of certain variant readings from the canonical tradition.

 Kıraat ilminin müstakil kitaplarda yer alması hicrî 3. ve 4. asra tekabül etmektedir. Bunun öncesinde sahîh, şâz, müdrec ve mevzu gibi birden fazla kategoriyi içinde barındıran kıraat birikimi sözlü olarak aktarılmaktaydı. Hicrî 4. asra kadar devam eden süreçte İslâm uleması sahih olanları sakiminden ayırmak için kıraatleri ince bir elemeye tabi tutmuştur. Sahih kıraatlerin tercih ve tespiti için Arapçaya uygunluk, resm-i mushafa muvafakat ve genelin üzerinde icma etmesi gibi belli kıstaslar koymuşlardır. Ancak dil çalışmalarının Arap dilinin tüm kullanımlarını muhtevi olmaması sebebiyle bazı okuyuşlar bu kriteri sağlamamıştır. Âlimler kendi koydukları yerleşik gramer kurallarına uymayan ve sahih birikim içerisinde yer alan bu okuyuşları sahih olmadığı zannıyla eleştirmiştir. Bu eleştirilerin sebebi ise sadece bazı kıraatlerin dil kurallarına uymaması değildir. Bilakis kıraat birikimin sözlü olarak aktarılması, mushafların nokta-hareke barındırmaması ve kıraat ilmiyle iştigal edenlerin sayıca çok olmaları gibi etkenler söz konusu eleştirilerin arka planını oluşturmaktadırlar. Bu çalışmada sahih olmadıkları zannıyla tenkit edilen farklıkların eleştirilme sebepleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Makale detayları

The Reasons for Criticisms of Qur’anic Recitations in The First Four Centuries of Hijri

Yazarlar:

İdris Yiğit

Yayıncı:

Mardin Artuklu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Kuran-ı Kerim Okuma ve Kıraat

Dergi:

Artuklu Akademi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.288-308

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001350325

pISSN:

2148-3264

Qirāʾāt

Qur

Tafsīr

Recitation Criticism

Lahn

Early Islamic CenturiesKıraat

Kur’an

Tefsir

Eleştiri

Lahn

Hicri 4. Asır.

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: İdris Yiğit

Yayıncı: Mardin Artuklu University

Ana Başlıklar: Kuran-ı Kerim Okuma ve Kıraat

Dergi: Artuklu Akademi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.288-308

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001350325

pISSN: 2148-3264

Sayı

Yazarlar:

İdris Yiğit

Yayıncı:

Mardin Artuklu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Kuran-ı Kerim Okuma ve Kıraat

Dergi:

Artuklu Akademi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.288-308

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001350325

pISSN:

2148-3264