A Tax Reform to Support Agricultural Policies in the Early Republic Period: Abolition of Tithe

Rıdvan Engin

Makale detayları

A Tax Reform to Support Agricultural Policies in the Early Republic Period: Abolition of Tithe

Yazarlar:

Rıdvan Engin

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Makro İktisat (Diğer)

Dergi:

Maliye Çalışmaları Dergisi Issue 72, pp.21-34

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

11/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001338586

pISSN:

2757-6396

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Within the tax system of the Ottoman Empire, which had an economic structure based on agriculture, the most important source of revenue was undoubtedly the Tithe levied in kind on agricultural products. Although the Tithe Within the tax system of the Ottoman Empire, which had an economic structure based on agriculture, the most important source of revenue was undoubtedly the Tithe levied in kind on agricultural products. Although the Tithe had been applied successfully for many years since the foundation of the state, it became an important problem, especially after the 17th century, due to injustices in the collection procedures of the tax due to the deterioration in the Ottoman land order. As a matter of fact, the Tithe continued to exist until the first years of the Republic. The abolition of the Tithe was one of the most challenging and controversial fiscal problems for the new regime in the early Republican period. In this context, it was abolished in 1925 to support agricultural production and to reduce the tax burden on rural areas. This study discusses the developments in the process that paved the way for the abolition of the Tithe, which is considered as an important tax reform in terms of the fiscal history of the Republican period, as well as the economic, fiscal, social and political consequences of the abolition of the tax and its effects on the agricultural sector. It has been determined that the legislative regulations made to cover the loss of income resulting from the abolition of tithe negatively affect the tax structure, cause the tax burden to shift from rural to urban, and disrupt justice in the tax system by causing indirect taxes to gain weight.

 Within the tax system of the Ottoman Empire, which had an economic structure based on agriculture, the most important source of revenue was undoubtedly the Tithe levied in kind on agricultural products. Although the Tithe Within the tax system of the Ottoman Empire, which had an economic structure based on agriculture, the most important source of revenue was undoubtedly the Tithe levied in kind on agricultural products. Although the Tithe had been applied successfully for many years since the foundation of the state, it became an important problem, especially after the 17th century, due to injustices in the collection procedures of the tax due to the deterioration in the Ottoman land order. As a matter of fact, the Tithe continued to exist until the first years of the Republic. The abolition of the Tithe was one of the most challenging and controversial fiscal problems for the new regime in the early Republican period. In this context, it was abolished in 1925 to support agricultural production and to reduce the tax burden on rural areas. This study discusses the developments in the process that paved the way for the abolition of the Tithe, which is considered as an important tax reform in terms of the fiscal history of the Republican period, as well as the economic, fiscal, social and political consequences of the abolition of the tax and its effects on the agricultural sector. It has been determined that the legislative regulations made to cover the loss of income resulting from the abolition of tithe negatively affect the tax structure, cause the tax burden to shift from rural to urban, and disrupt justice in the tax system by causing indirect taxes to gain weight.

 Within the tax system of the Ottoman Empire, which had an economic structure based on agriculture, the most important source of revenue was undoubtedly the Tithe levied in kind on agricultural products. Although the Tithe Within the tax system of the Ottoman Empire, which had an economic structure based on agriculture, the most important source of revenue was undoubtedly the Tithe levied in kind on agricultural products. Although the Tithe had been applied successfully for many years since the foundation of the state, it became an important problem, especially after the 17th century, due to injustices in the collection procedures of the tax due to the deterioration in the Ottoman land order. As a matter of fact, the Tithe continued to exist until the first years of the Republic. The abolition of the Tithe was one of the most challenging and controversial fiscal problems for the new regime in the early Republican period. In this context, it was abolished in 1925 to support agricultural production and to reduce the tax burden on rural areas. This study discusses the developments in the process that paved the way for the abolition of the Tithe, which is considered as an important tax reform in terms of the fiscal history of the Republican period, as well as the economic, fiscal, social and political consequences of the abolition of the tax and its effects on the agricultural sector. It has been determined that the legislative regulations made to cover the loss of income resulting from the abolition of tithe negatively affect the tax structure, cause the tax burden to shift from rural to urban, and disrupt justice in the tax system by causing indirect taxes to gain weight.

 Tarıma dayalı bir ekonomik yapıya sahip olan Osmanlı Devletinin vergi sistemi içerisinde kuşkusuz en önemli gelir kaynağını zirai ürünlerden aynî olarak alınan Aşar Vergisi oluşturmuştur. Aşar Vergisi, devletin kuruluşundan itibaren uzun yıllar başarılı bir şekilde uygulanmış olmasına karşın özellikle 17. yüzyıldan sonra Osmanlı toprak düzeninde meydana gelen bozulmalara bağlı olarak verginin tahsil usullerinde adaletsizlikler ortaya çıkması nedeniyle önemli bir sorun haline gelmiştir. Nitekim Aşar Vergisi Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarına kadar mevcudiyetini sürdürmüştür. Aşar Vergisinin kaldırılması, erken Cumhuriyet döneminde yeni rejimi en çok uğraştıran ve uzun süre tartışmalara yol açan mali sorunların başında gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda gerek tarımsal üretimi desteklemek, gerekse kırsal kesim üzerindeki vergi yükünü azaltmak amacıyla 1925 yılında yürürlükten kaldırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Cumhuriyet dönemi maliye tarihi açısından önemli bir vergi reformu olarak kabul edilen Aşar Vergisinin kaldırılmasına zemin hazırlayan süreçte yaşanan gelişmelerin yanı sıra verginin kaldırılmasının iktisadi, mali, sosyal ve siyasi sonuçları ile tarım kesimi üzerindeki etkileri tartışılmaktadır. Aşarın kaldırılması sonucu ortaya çıkan gelir kaybının karşılanması amacıyla yapılan yasal düzenlemelerin vergi yapısını olumsuz etkilediği, vergi yükünün kırsaldan kente kaymasınanedenolduğuvedolaylıvergilerinağırlıkkazanmasınasebebiyetvermesi nedeniyle vergi sisteminde adaleti bozduğu belirlenmiştir.

Makale detayları

A Tax Reform to Support Agricultural Policies in the Early Republic Period: Abolition of Tithe

Yazarlar:

Rıdvan Engin

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Makro İktisat (Diğer)

Dergi:

Maliye Çalışmaları Dergisi Issue 72, pp.21-34

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

11/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001338586

pISSN:

2757-6396

Tithe

agriculture

agricultural policy

tax reform

tax burdenAşar Vergisi

tarım

tarım politikası

vergi reformu

vergi yükü

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Rıdvan Engin

Yayıncı: Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar: Makro İktisat (Diğer)

Dergi: Maliye Çalışmaları Dergisi Issue 72, pp.21-34

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 11/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001338586

pISSN: 2757-6396

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Rıdvan Engin

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Makro İktisat (Diğer)

Dergi:

Maliye Çalışmaları Dergisi Issue 72, pp.21-34

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

11/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001338586

pISSN:

2757-6396