Estimation of CH4 Emissions and Global Warming Potential of Marmara Region Small Livestock Sector with 2019 Refinement IPCC Tier-2 Method

Büşra Yaylı; İlker Kılıç

Makale detayları

Estimation of CH4 Emissions and Global Warming Potential of Marmara Region Small Livestock Sector with 2019 Refinement IPCC Tier-2 Method

Yazarlar:

Büşra Yaylı | İlker Kılıç

Yayıncı:

Van Yuzuncu Yıl University

Ana Başlıklar:

Biosystem

Dergi:

Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.35 Issue 3, pp.403-414

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001359443

pISSN:

1308-7576

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Livestock production is predominantly conducted in intensive farming operations, where large-scale production poses significant challenges related to waste management and environmental pollution. The Marmara Region represents a critical area in Türkiye where intensive animal feeding operations are widely practised. In contrast, goat and sheep farming in Türkiye generally rely on pasture-based or semi-intensive systems. This study aims to estimate methane CH4 emissions from small ruminant farming in the Marmara Region over the past 20 years and to assess the resulting carbon footprint to evaluate its impact on global warming. Methane emissions were calculated using the Tier-2 methodology, incorporating the specific characteristics of the region and the general practices of small ruminant farming. Gross energy GE and methane emission factors EF were derived accordingly. For sheep, the gross energy was calculated as 22.5 MJ head-1 year-1, the methane emission factor from enteric fermentation EFE was 9.9 kg CH4 head-1 year-1 and methane emissions from manure management EFM amounted to 4.3 kg CH4 head-1year-1. Similarly, for goats, the GE was determined to be 24.6 MJ head-1 year-1, while the EFE, and EFM were, 8.9 kg CH4 head-1 year-1, and 4.4 kg CH4 head-1 year-1, respectively. The study found that CH4 emission rates increased proportionally with the number of animals. To determine the carbon footprint resulting from CH4 emissions, CO2-equivalent values established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC were applied. Consequently, Balıkesir and Çanakkale emerged as the cities with the largest carbon footprints from small ruminant farming within the Marmara Region.

 Livestock production is predominantly conducted in intensive farming operations, where large-scale production poses significant challenges related to waste management and environmental pollution. The Marmara Region represents a critical area in Türkiye where intensive animal feeding operations are widely practised. In contrast, goat and sheep farming in Türkiye generally rely on pasture-based or semi-intensive systems. This study aims to estimate methane CH4 emissions from small ruminant farming in the Marmara Region over the past 20 years and to assess the resulting carbon footprint to evaluate its impact on global warming. Methane emissions were calculated using the Tier-2 methodology, incorporating the specific characteristics of the region and the general practices of small ruminant farming. Gross energy GE and methane emission factors EF were derived accordingly. For sheep, the gross energy was calculated as 22.5 MJ head-1 year-1, the methane emission factor from enteric fermentation EFE was 9.9 kg CH4 head-1 year-1 and methane emissions from manure management EFM amounted to 4.3 kg CH4 head-1year-1. Similarly, for goats, the GE was determined to be 24.6 MJ head-1 year-1, while the EFE, and EFM were, 8.9 kg CH4 head-1 year-1, and 4.4 kg CH4 head-1 year-1, respectively. The study found that CH4 emission rates increased proportionally with the number of animals. To determine the carbon footprint resulting from CH4 emissions, CO2-equivalent values established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC were applied. Consequently, Balıkesir and Çanakkale emerged as the cities with the largest carbon footprints from small ruminant farming within the Marmara Region.

 Livestock production is predominantly conducted in intensive farming operations, where large-scale production poses significant challenges related to waste management and environmental pollution. The Marmara Region represents a critical area in Türkiye where intensive animal feeding operations are widely practised. In contrast, goat and sheep farming in Türkiye generally rely on pasture-based or semi-intensive systems. This study aims to estimate methane CH4 emissions from small ruminant farming in the Marmara Region over the past 20 years and to assess the resulting carbon footprint to evaluate its impact on global warming. Methane emissions were calculated using the Tier-2 methodology, incorporating the specific characteristics of the region and the general practices of small ruminant farming. Gross energy GE and methane emission factors EF were derived accordingly. For sheep, the gross energy was calculated as 22.5 MJ head-1 year-1, the methane emission factor from enteric fermentation EFE was 9.9 kg CH4 head-1 year-1 and methane emissions from manure management EFM amounted to 4.3 kg CH4 head-1year-1. Similarly, for goats, the GE was determined to be 24.6 MJ head-1 year-1, while the EFE, and EFM were, 8.9 kg CH4 head-1 year-1, and 4.4 kg CH4 head-1 year-1, respectively. The study found that CH4 emission rates increased proportionally with the number of animals. To determine the carbon footprint resulting from CH4 emissions, CO2-equivalent values established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC were applied. Consequently, Balıkesir and Çanakkale emerged as the cities with the largest carbon footprints from small ruminant farming within the Marmara Region.

 Livestock production is predominantly conducted in intensive farming operations, where large-scale production poses significant challenges related to waste management and environmental pollution. The Marmara Region represents a critical area in Türkiye where intensive animal feeding operations are widely practised. In contrast, goat and sheep farming in Türkiye generally rely on pasture-based or semi-intensive systems. This study aims to estimate methane CH4 emissions from small ruminant farming in the Marmara Region over the past 20 years and to assess the resulting carbon footprint to evaluate its impact on global warming. Methane emissions were calculated using the Tier-2 methodology, incorporating the specific characteristics of the region and the general practices of small ruminant farming. Gross energy GE and methane emission factors EF were derived accordingly. For sheep, the gross energy was calculated as 22.5 MJ head-1 year-1, the methane emission factor from enteric fermentation EFE was 9.9 kg CH4 head-1 year-1 and methane emissions from manure management EFM amounted to 4.3 kg CH4 head-1year-1. Similarly, for goats, the GE was determined to be 24.6 MJ head-1 year-1, while the EFE, and EFM were, 8.9 kg CH4 head-1 year-1, and 4.4 kg CH4 head-1 year-1, respectively. The study found that CH4 emission rates increased proportionally with the number of animals. To determine the carbon footprint resulting from CH4 emissions, CO2-equivalent values established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC were applied. Consequently, Balıkesir and Çanakkale emerged as the cities with the largest carbon footprints from small ruminant farming within the Marmara Region.

Makale detayları

Estimation of CH4 Emissions and Global Warming Potential of Marmara Region Small Livestock Sector with 2019 Refinement IPCC Tier-2 Method

Yazarlar:

Büşra Yaylı | İlker Kılıç

Yayıncı:

Van Yuzuncu Yıl University

Ana Başlıklar:

Biosystem

Dergi:

Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.35 Issue 3, pp.403-414

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001359443

pISSN:

1308-7576

Enteric fermentation

Carbon footprint

Goat

Manure management

Sheep

Sayı

Makale detayları

Estimation of CH4 Emissions and Global Warming Potential of Marmara Region Small Livestock Sector with 2019 Refinement IPCC Tier-2 Method

Yazarlar: Büşra Yaylı | İlker Kılıç

Yayıncı: Van Yuzuncu Yıl University

Ana Başlıklar: Biosystem

Dergi: Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.35 Issue 3, pp.403-414

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 9/2025

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2001359443

pISSN: 1308-7576

Enteric fermentation

Carbon footprint

Goat

Manure management

Sheep

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Büşra Yaylı | İlker Kılıç

Yayıncı:

Van Yuzuncu Yıl University

Ana Başlıklar:

Biosystem

Dergi:

Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.35 Issue 3, pp.403-414

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001359443

pISSN:

1308-7576