From Tradition to Ideology: Elegy and Meddah Tradition of Iranian Turks

Faruk Gün

Makale detayları

From Tradition to Ideology: Elegy and Meddah Tradition of Iranian Turks

Yazarlar:

Faruk Gün

Yayıncı:

Trakya University

Ana Başlıklar:

Çağdaş Türk Lehçeleri ve Edebiyatları (Diğer)

Dergi:

Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.26 Issue 2, pp.411-434

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001332796

pISSN:

1305-7766

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The eulogies are sad narratives sung by narrators for the deceased after deaths in society. Those who use eulogizing expressions about the martyrdom or death of the Fourteen Innocents, one of the fundamental teachings of Shiism, are called meddah. It differs from the Anatolian field in the sense that elegies are divided into sub-genres in Iran and some of these sub-genres are not yet independent genres as in Anatolia. The presence of Shiism and political propaganda in the background of meddah and elegy, which continue to exist as a tradition in Iran, represent the ideological aspect of the traditions. Therefore, the states desire to gather the people around the collective memory of Shiism and create a super-identity through these traditions renders the language of the meddah performances insignificant. At this point, the fact that Turkish meddahs perform in Turkish along with Persian ensures the preservation of language and identity in the region in a natural flow. The study examines the traditions of elegy and meddah of Iranian Turks in light of the field research conducted in Iran in 2015, 2017-2018 and 2021. The study, in which the ethnographic model of qualitative research methods was used, examined the importance of these traditions for the state, society, religion, and language in the region. The aim of the research is to reveal the state of the traditions in the region and how they are used as an ideological discourse on the axis of the state religion. As a result, it has been determined that although the two traditions serve the Shiism ideology of the state, they are an important area that enables Turks to preserve their identity through language.

 The eulogies are sad narratives sung by narrators for the deceased after deaths in society. Those who use eulogizing expressions about the martyrdom or death of the Fourteen Innocents, one of the fundamental teachings of Shiism, are called meddah. It differs from the Anatolian field in the sense that elegies are divided into sub-genres in Iran and some of these sub-genres are not yet independent genres as in Anatolia. The presence of Shiism and political propaganda in the background of meddah and elegy, which continue to exist as a tradition in Iran, represent the ideological aspect of the traditions. Therefore, the states desire to gather the people around the collective memory of Shiism and create a super-identity through these traditions renders the language of the meddah performances insignificant. At this point, the fact that Turkish meddahs perform in Turkish along with Persian ensures the preservation of language and identity in the region in a natural flow. The study examines the traditions of elegy and meddah of Iranian Turks in light of the field research conducted in Iran in 2015, 2017-2018 and 2021. The study, in which the ethnographic model of qualitative research methods was used, examined the importance of these traditions for the state, society, religion, and language in the region. The aim of the research is to reveal the state of the traditions in the region and how they are used as an ideological discourse on the axis of the state religion. As a result, it has been determined that although the two traditions serve the Shiism ideology of the state, they are an important area that enables Turks to preserve their identity through language.

 The eulogies are sad narratives sung by narrators for the deceased after deaths in society. Those who use eulogizing expressions about the martyrdom or death of the Fourteen Innocents, one of the fundamental teachings of Shiism, are called meddah. It differs from the Anatolian field in the sense that elegies are divided into sub-genres in Iran and some of these sub-genres are not yet independent genres as in Anatolia. The presence of Shiism and political propaganda in the background of meddah and elegy, which continue to exist as a tradition in Iran, represent the ideological aspect of the traditions. Therefore, the states desire to gather the people around the collective memory of Shiism and create a super-identity through these traditions renders the language of the meddah performances insignificant. At this point, the fact that Turkish meddahs perform in Turkish along with Persian ensures the preservation of language and identity in the region in a natural flow. The study examines the traditions of elegy and meddah of Iranian Turks in light of the field research conducted in Iran in 2015, 2017-2018 and 2021. The study, in which the ethnographic model of qualitative research methods was used, examined the importance of these traditions for the state, society, religion, and language in the region. The aim of the research is to reveal the state of the traditions in the region and how they are used as an ideological discourse on the axis of the state religion. As a result, it has been determined that although the two traditions serve the Shiism ideology of the state, they are an important area that enables Turks to preserve their identity through language.

 Mersiyeler, toplumdaki ölümlerin ardından anlatıcılar tarafından ölen kişi için söylenen hüzünlü anlatılardır. Şiiliğin temel öğretilerinden olan On Dört Masumun şehadetleri veya ölümleri hakkında methedici ifadeler kullanarak mersiyeler dile getirenlere ise meddah denilmektedir. Mersiyelerin İranda alt türlere ayrılması ve bu alt türlerden bazılarının Anadoluda olduğu gibi henüz müstakil bir tür olmaması yönleriyle Anadolu sahasından farklılıklar arz etmektedir. İranda birer gelenek olarak varlığını sürdüren meddahlıkla mersiyenin arka planında Şiilik ve siyasi propaganda amacının bulunması geleneklerin ideolojik yönünü temsil etmektedir. Dolayısıyla devletin söz konusu geleneklerle halkı, Şiilikle örülü kolektif hafıza etrafında toplamak ve üst kimlik oluşturmak istemesi, meddah icralarının hangi dille yapıldığını önemsiz kılmaktadır. Bu noktada Türk meddahların icralarını Farsçayla birlikte Türkçe gerçekleştirmeleri bölgedeki dil ve kimliğin doğal bir seyir hâlinde korunmasını sağlamaktadır. Çalışmada 2015, 2017-2018 ve 2021 yıllarında İranda yapılan alan araştırmaları ışığında İran Türklerinde mersiye ve meddahlık gelenekleri incelenmiştir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden etnografik modelin kullanıldığı araştırmada, söz konusu geleneklerin bölgedeki devlet, toplum, din ve dil için önemi ele alınmıştır. Araştırmada amaç olarak bölgedeki geleneklerin hangi durumda olduğu, devlet-din ekseninde ideolojik bir söylem olarak nasıl kullanıldığı ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Sonuç itibarıyla iki geleneğin her ne kadar devletin Şiilik ideolojisine hizmet etse de Türklerin dille kimliklerini korumalarını sağlayan önemli bir alan olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Makale detayları

From Tradition to Ideology: Elegy and Meddah Tradition of Iranian Turks

Yazarlar:

Faruk Gün

Yayıncı:

Trakya University

Ana Başlıklar:

Çağdaş Türk Lehçeleri ve Edebiyatları (Diğer)

Dergi:

Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.26 Issue 2, pp.411-434

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001332796

pISSN:

1305-7766

Iranian Turks

elegy

meddah

ideology

traditionİran Türkleri

mersiye

meddah

ideoloji

gelenek

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Faruk Gün

Yayıncı: Trakya University

Ana Başlıklar: Çağdaş Türk Lehçeleri ve Edebiyatları (Diğer)

Dergi: Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.26 Issue 2, pp.411-434

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001332796

pISSN: 1305-7766

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Faruk Gün

Yayıncı:

Trakya University

Ana Başlıklar:

Çağdaş Türk Lehçeleri ve Edebiyatları (Diğer)

Dergi:

Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.26 Issue 2, pp.411-434

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001332796

pISSN:

1305-7766