Two Tantric Elements in Durgā Pūcā and Kālī Pūcā: Goddess and Animal Sacrifice

Beyza Aybike Deveci

Makale detayları

Two Tantric Elements in Durgā Pūcā and Kālī Pūcā: Goddess and Animal Sacrifice

Yazarlar:

Beyza Aybike Deveci

Yayıncı:

Motif Yayıncılık

Ana Başlıklar:

Doğu Dinleri ve Gelenekleri Araştırmaları

Dergi:

Dini Araştırmalar Issue 67, pp.254-275

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001334248

pISSN:

1301-966X

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In Hinduism, worship is usually practiced individually, but there are also collective forms of worship. Annual festivals are the most prominent examples of collective worship. Each festival, which constitutes an essential part of religious and cultural life, is associated with different gods or goddesses and mythological events. Hindu festivals include rituals, prayers, dances, the creation of statues associated with the festival, the preparation of tents showcasing events related to the celebrations theme, and communal meals. Celebrated in unity and solidarity, festivals strengthen devotion to the god and goddess worshipped while reinforcing social unity. The ways of celebrating festivals in Hinduism vary from region to region, depending on religious traditions. The Durgā Pūcā and Kālī Pūcā festivals, which are the subject of our study, are important festivals celebrated by all Hindus. Dedicated to the Goddess, Durgā Pūcā is celebrated all over India, while Kālī Pūcā is celebrated in eastern Indian regions such as West Bengal, Assam, OdishaOrissa and Tripura. The article aims to examine the Durgā Pūcā and Kālī Pūcā festivals and the tantric elements in these festivals. The reason for choosing these two festivals as the subject of the study is that, although they continue the primary forms of celebration in Hinduism in general, goddess worship and animal sacrifice are at the center of the festival. After mentioning the Durgā Pūcā and Kālī Pūcā festivals, the article will discuss when and where tantricism and tantric elements emerged. How tantric elements are present in the Durgā Pūcā and Kālī Pūcā festivals and what these elements mean in religious terms will be emphasized. In this context, the centrality of goddess worship and animal sacrifice in these festivals is important for understanding the influence of tantric thought. Because tantricism attaches importance to the shakti in the understanding of the supreme being and puts the goddess, who is seen as its manifestations, at the center, accepts and practices worship that traditional Hindu thought does not accept. Over time, these worships have been continued by certain groups and manifested in the way some worships and festivals are celebrated. In this study, the descriptive method of the history of religions was used to describe festivals, concepts and phenomena. By utilizing the method of phenomenology of religion, the rituals performed in Durgā Pūcā and Kālī Pūcā festivals were analyzed. In order to accurately and completely translate the concepts into Turkish, the ISO 15019 translation spelling table accepted by the Indian government was used in addition to the letters that correspond to them in Turkish.

 In Hinduism, worship is usually practiced individually, but there are also collective forms of worship. Annual festivals are the most prominent examples of collective worship. Each festival, which constitutes an essential part of religious and cultural life, is associated with different gods or goddesses and mythological events. Hindu festivals include rituals, prayers, dances, the creation of statues associated with the festival, the preparation of tents showcasing events related to the celebrations theme, and communal meals. Celebrated in unity and solidarity, festivals strengthen devotion to the god and goddess worshipped while reinforcing social unity. The ways of celebrating festivals in Hinduism vary from region to region, depending on religious traditions. The Durgā Pūcā and Kālī Pūcā festivals, which are the subject of our study, are important festivals celebrated by all Hindus. Dedicated to the Goddess, Durgā Pūcā is celebrated all over India, while Kālī Pūcā is celebrated in eastern Indian regions such as West Bengal, Assam, OdishaOrissa and Tripura. The article aims to examine the Durgā Pūcā and Kālī Pūcā festivals and the tantric elements in these festivals. The reason for choosing these two festivals as the subject of the study is that, although they continue the primary forms of celebration in Hinduism in general, goddess worship and animal sacrifice are at the center of the festival. After mentioning the Durgā Pūcā and Kālī Pūcā festivals, the article will discuss when and where tantricism and tantric elements emerged. How tantric elements are present in the Durgā Pūcā and Kālī Pūcā festivals and what these elements mean in religious terms will be emphasized. In this context, the centrality of goddess worship and animal sacrifice in these festivals is important for understanding the influence of tantric thought. Because tantricism attaches importance to the shakti in the understanding of the supreme being and puts the goddess, who is seen as its manifestations, at the center, accepts and practices worship that traditional Hindu thought does not accept. Over time, these worships have been continued by certain groups and manifested in the way some worships and festivals are celebrated. In this study, the descriptive method of the history of religions was used to describe festivals, concepts and phenomena. By utilizing the method of phenomenology of religion, the rituals performed in Durgā Pūcā and Kālī Pūcā festivals were analyzed. In order to accurately and completely translate the concepts into Turkish, the ISO 15019 translation spelling table accepted by the Indian government was used in addition to the letters that correspond to them in Turkish.

 In Hinduism, worship is usually practiced individually, but there are also collective forms of worship. Annual festivals are the most prominent examples of collective worship. Each festival, which constitutes an essential part of religious and cultural life, is associated with different gods or goddesses and mythological events. Hindu festivals include rituals, prayers, dances, the creation of statues associated with the festival, the preparation of tents showcasing events related to the celebrations theme, and communal meals. Celebrated in unity and solidarity, festivals strengthen devotion to the god and goddess worshipped while reinforcing social unity. The ways of celebrating festivals in Hinduism vary from region to region, depending on religious traditions. The Durgā Pūcā and Kālī Pūcā festivals, which are the subject of our study, are important festivals celebrated by all Hindus. Dedicated to the Goddess, Durgā Pūcā is celebrated all over India, while Kālī Pūcā is celebrated in eastern Indian regions such as West Bengal, Assam, OdishaOrissa and Tripura. The article aims to examine the Durgā Pūcā and Kālī Pūcā festivals and the tantric elements in these festivals. The reason for choosing these two festivals as the subject of the study is that, although they continue the primary forms of celebration in Hinduism in general, goddess worship and animal sacrifice are at the center of the festival. After mentioning the Durgā Pūcā and Kālī Pūcā festivals, the article will discuss when and where tantricism and tantric elements emerged. How tantric elements are present in the Durgā Pūcā and Kālī Pūcā festivals and what these elements mean in religious terms will be emphasized. In this context, the centrality of goddess worship and animal sacrifice in these festivals is important for understanding the influence of tantric thought. Because tantricism attaches importance to the shakti in the understanding of the supreme being and puts the goddess, who is seen as its manifestations, at the center, accepts and practices worship that traditional Hindu thought does not accept. Over time, these worships have been continued by certain groups and manifested in the way some worships and festivals are celebrated. In this study, the descriptive method of the history of religions was used to describe festivals, concepts and phenomena. By utilizing the method of phenomenology of religion, the rituals performed in Durgā Pūcā and Kālī Pūcā festivals were analyzed. In order to accurately and completely translate the concepts into Turkish, the ISO 15019 translation spelling table accepted by the Indian government was used in addition to the letters that correspond to them in Turkish.

 Hinduizmde ibadet genellikle bireysel bir şekilde gerçekleştirilmekle birlikte topluca uygulanan biçimleri de bulunmaktadır. Yıllık festivaller toplu ibadetlerin en belirgin örnekleridir. Dini ve kültürel yaşamın önemli bir parçasını oluşturan bu festivallerin her biri farklı tanrılarla yahut tanrıçalarla ve mitolojik olaylarla ilişkilidir. Hindu festivalleri ritüelleri, duaları, dansları, festivalle ilişkili heykellerin yapılmasını, kutlamanın konusuyla ilgili olayların sergilendiği çadırların hazırlanmasını ve birlikte yenilen yemekleri içerir. Birlik ve beraberlik içinde kutlanan festivaller bir yandan tapınılan tanrıya, tanrıçaya bağlılığı kuvvetlendirirken diğer yandan toplumsal birliği pekiştirir. Hinduizmdeki festivallerin kutlama biçimleri bölgeden bölgeye değişiklik gösterdiği gibi dini geleneklere göre de farklılıklar ihtiva eder. Çalışmamızın konusu olan Durgā Pūcā ve Kālī Pūcā festivalleri tüm Hindular tarafından kutlanan önemli bir festivaldir. Tanrıçaya adanan bu festivallerden Durgā Pūcā tüm Hindistanda Kālī Pūcā ise Batı Bengal, Assam, OdişaOrissa ve Tripura gibi doğu Hindistan bölgelerinde kutlanır. Makale Durgā Pūcā ve Kālī Pūcā festivallerini ve bu festivallerde yer alan tantracı unsurları incelemeyi amaçlar. İnceleme konusu olarak bu iki festivalin seçilmesinin sebebi genel olarak Hinduizmdeki temel kutlama şekillerini devam ettirmekle beraber tanrıçaya tapımın ve hayvan kurbanının festivalin merkezinde yer almasıdır. Makalede Durgā Pūcā ve Kālī Pūcā festivallerinden söz edildikten sonra Tantracılığın ne zaman ve nerede ortaya çıktığından ve tantracı unsurlardan bahsedilecektir. Durgā Pūcā ve Kālī Pūcā festivallerinde tantracı unsurların nasıl yer aldığı ve bu unsurların dini açıdan ne anlama geldiği üzerinde durulacaktır. Bu bağlamda tanrıçaya tapım ve hayvan kurbanının bu festivallerin merkezinde yer alması tantracı düşüncenin etkisini anlamak açısından önemlidir. Zira Tantracılık yüce varlık anlayışında şaktiye önem verir ve onun tezahürleri olarak görülen tanrıçayı merkeze koyar, geleneksel Hindu düşüncesinin kabul etmediği ibadetleri kabul eder ve uygular. Zaman içerisinde bu ibadetler belirli gruplar tarafından devam ettirilmekle birlikte bazı ibadetlerin ve festivallerin kutlanış biçimlerinde kendini gösterir. Çalışmada dinler tarihinin betimleyici yöntemi kullanılarak festivaller, kavramlar ve fenomenler tanımlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Din fenomenolojisi metodundan faydalanarak Durgā Pūcā ve Kālī Pūcā festivallerinde gerçekleştirilen ritüellerin incelemesi yapılmıştır. Kavramların Türkçeye doğru ve eksiksiz bir şekilde aktarılabilmesi için Türkçede karşılığı olan harflerin yanında Hint hükümeti tarafından kabul edilen ISO 15019 çeviri yazım tablosu kullanılmıştır.

Makale detayları

Two Tantric Elements in Durgā Pūcā and Kālī Pūcā: Goddess and Animal Sacrifice

Yazarlar:

Beyza Aybike Deveci

Yayıncı:

Motif Yayıncılık

Ana Başlıklar:

Doğu Dinleri ve Gelenekleri Araştırmaları

Dergi:

Dini Araştırmalar Issue 67, pp.254-275

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001334248

pISSN:

1301-966X

History of Religion

Hinduism

Tantrism

Durgā Pūcā

Kālī Pūcā

Goddess

Animal Sac-rificeDinler Tarihi

Hinduizm

Tantracılık

Durgā Pūcā

Kālī Pūcā

Tanrıça

Hayvan Kurbanı

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Beyza Aybike Deveci

Yayıncı: Motif Yayıncılık

Ana Başlıklar: Doğu Dinleri ve Gelenekleri Araştırmaları

Dergi: Dini Araştırmalar Issue 67, pp.254-275

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001334248

pISSN: 1301-966X

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Beyza Aybike Deveci

Yayıncı:

Motif Yayıncılık

Ana Başlıklar:

Doğu Dinleri ve Gelenekleri Araştırmaları

Dergi:

Dini Araştırmalar Issue 67, pp.254-275

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001334248

pISSN:

1301-966X