Edition Criticism and Evaluation of 'Umar al-Sunkūrī's ‘A Concise Treatise Rejecting the Bid'at-i-Kabīha of the Ghulāt al-Sufiyya’

Ali Aslan

Makale detayları

Edition Criticism and Evaluation of 'Umar al-Sunkūrī's ‘A Concise Treatise Rejecting the Bid'at-i-Kabīha of the Ghulāt al-Sufiyya’

Yazarlar:

Ali Aslan

Yayıncı:

Ordu University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Mezhepleri

Dergi:

Ordu İlahiyat Issue 5, pp.37-59

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001355520

pISSN:

3062-0287

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 This article aims to determine the authors scientific and sectarian identity and to systematically analyze the content of the treatise in question, within the framework of the work titled A Brief Treatise Rejecting the Bidat-ı Kabîhaları of the Sufis of the Ghulât-ı Sufiyya written by al-Hajj Hasan b. Ömer al-Sunkurî, one of the important representatives of the Ottoman scientific heritage. Sunkurî was a professor who was educated in the classical Ottoman madrasah system and was a member of the ilmiye class. He was a direct student of Ahmed Ziyaeddin Gümüşhanevi, one of the important scholars of the period, and is a notable figure in terms of both his scientific lineage and methodological orientation. The works of the author, especially in the fields of belief and jurisprudence, clearly reflect his intellectual position, which was shaped within the framework of Ahl al-Sunnah, on the basis of Ashari theology and Hanafi jurisprudence. In this context, the study first examines the textual and methodological references on which Sunkûrî based his criticisms of jahrî dhikr in the treatise in question, taking into account the historical context in which he lived, his scholarly sources, and the sectarian tradition to which he belonged. It is seen that the author strongly rejected dhikr practices, especially those performed loudly and animatedly, characterized such Sufi practices as bidat-i kabîha and supported this attitude with verses from the Quran, authentic hadith narrations, and reliable jurisprudential sources. This negative approach to jahrî dhikr is not only a reflection of an individual sensitivity, but also a concrete example of the criticism of Sufism that existed in the scholarly circles of the period. In this respect, the Risale is an important source for understanding how the anti-Sufism discourse was formed in the Ottoman Empire and how this discourse was built on a scientific legitimacy basis. The treatise also contains remarkable examples in terms of showing how the transmitted evidencethat is, the basic Islamic reference sources such as Quranic verses, hadith narrations, and jurisprudential textscan be systematically used to support a particular religious or ideological view. The evidence that the author uses, especially in characterizing Sufi practices such as the practice of dhikr al-Jahr as bidah, clearly demonstrates not only a textual act of transmission but also how a fiction of rejection of the existing religious interpretation is constructed by placing these texts within a certain framework of interpretation. In this context, the treatise has a unique position among the texts of the Ottoman period in terms of showing the influence of both the sectarian stance and the scholarly tradition in the interpretation of the transmitted evidence. The order of evidence preferred by the author and the way in which they are interpreted are also important in terms of showing the relationship between the text and the purpose in the scholarly mindset of the period and how the texts are interpreted according to the context. The treatise, which is evaluated by Latinizing it in this respect, is considered as one of the notable examples of the Raddiyyarefutation literature, which is widespread in the Ottoman scholarly tradition and manifests itself especially in theological, jurisprudential or mystical discussions.

 This article aims to determine the authors scientific and sectarian identity and to systematically analyze the content of the treatise in question, within the framework of the work titled A Brief Treatise Rejecting the Bidat-ı Kabîhaları of the Sufis of the Ghulât-ı Sufiyya written by al-Hajj Hasan b. Ömer al-Sunkurî, one of the important representatives of the Ottoman scientific heritage. Sunkurî was a professor who was educated in the classical Ottoman madrasah system and was a member of the ilmiye class. He was a direct student of Ahmed Ziyaeddin Gümüşhanevi, one of the important scholars of the period, and is a notable figure in terms of both his scientific lineage and methodological orientation. The works of the author, especially in the fields of belief and jurisprudence, clearly reflect his intellectual position, which was shaped within the framework of Ahl al-Sunnah, on the basis of Ashari theology and Hanafi jurisprudence. In this context, the study first examines the textual and methodological references on which Sunkûrî based his criticisms of jahrî dhikr in the treatise in question, taking into account the historical context in which he lived, his scholarly sources, and the sectarian tradition to which he belonged. It is seen that the author strongly rejected dhikr practices, especially those performed loudly and animatedly, characterized such Sufi practices as bidat-i kabîha and supported this attitude with verses from the Quran, authentic hadith narrations, and reliable jurisprudential sources. This negative approach to jahrî dhikr is not only a reflection of an individual sensitivity, but also a concrete example of the criticism of Sufism that existed in the scholarly circles of the period. In this respect, the Risale is an important source for understanding how the anti-Sufism discourse was formed in the Ottoman Empire and how this discourse was built on a scientific legitimacy basis. The treatise also contains remarkable examples in terms of showing how the transmitted evidencethat is, the basic Islamic reference sources such as Quranic verses, hadith narrations, and jurisprudential textscan be systematically used to support a particular religious or ideological view. The evidence that the author uses, especially in characterizing Sufi practices such as the practice of dhikr al-Jahr as bidah, clearly demonstrates not only a textual act of transmission but also how a fiction of rejection of the existing religious interpretation is constructed by placing these texts within a certain framework of interpretation. In this context, the treatise has a unique position among the texts of the Ottoman period in terms of showing the influence of both the sectarian stance and the scholarly tradition in the interpretation of the transmitted evidence. The order of evidence preferred by the author and the way in which they are interpreted are also important in terms of showing the relationship between the text and the purpose in the scholarly mindset of the period and how the texts are interpreted according to the context. The treatise, which is evaluated by Latinizing it in this respect, is considered as one of the notable examples of the Raddiyyarefutation literature, which is widespread in the Ottoman scholarly tradition and manifests itself especially in theological, jurisprudential or mystical discussions.

 This article aims to determine the authors scientific and sectarian identity and to systematically analyze the content of the treatise in question, within the framework of the work titled A Brief Treatise Rejecting the Bidat-ı Kabîhaları of the Sufis of the Ghulât-ı Sufiyya written by al-Hajj Hasan b. Ömer al-Sunkurî, one of the important representatives of the Ottoman scientific heritage. Sunkurî was a professor who was educated in the classical Ottoman madrasah system and was a member of the ilmiye class. He was a direct student of Ahmed Ziyaeddin Gümüşhanevi, one of the important scholars of the period, and is a notable figure in terms of both his scientific lineage and methodological orientation. The works of the author, especially in the fields of belief and jurisprudence, clearly reflect his intellectual position, which was shaped within the framework of Ahl al-Sunnah, on the basis of Ashari theology and Hanafi jurisprudence. In this context, the study first examines the textual and methodological references on which Sunkûrî based his criticisms of jahrî dhikr in the treatise in question, taking into account the historical context in which he lived, his scholarly sources, and the sectarian tradition to which he belonged. It is seen that the author strongly rejected dhikr practices, especially those performed loudly and animatedly, characterized such Sufi practices as bidat-i kabîha and supported this attitude with verses from the Quran, authentic hadith narrations, and reliable jurisprudential sources. This negative approach to jahrî dhikr is not only a reflection of an individual sensitivity, but also a concrete example of the criticism of Sufism that existed in the scholarly circles of the period. In this respect, the Risale is an important source for understanding how the anti-Sufism discourse was formed in the Ottoman Empire and how this discourse was built on a scientific legitimacy basis. The treatise also contains remarkable examples in terms of showing how the transmitted evidencethat is, the basic Islamic reference sources such as Quranic verses, hadith narrations, and jurisprudential textscan be systematically used to support a particular religious or ideological view. The evidence that the author uses, especially in characterizing Sufi practices such as the practice of dhikr al-Jahr as bidah, clearly demonstrates not only a textual act of transmission but also how a fiction of rejection of the existing religious interpretation is constructed by placing these texts within a certain framework of interpretation. In this context, the treatise has a unique position among the texts of the Ottoman period in terms of showing the influence of both the sectarian stance and the scholarly tradition in the interpretation of the transmitted evidence. The order of evidence preferred by the author and the way in which they are interpreted are also important in terms of showing the relationship between the text and the purpose in the scholarly mindset of the period and how the texts are interpreted according to the context. The treatise, which is evaluated by Latinizing it in this respect, is considered as one of the notable examples of the Raddiyyarefutation literature, which is widespread in the Ottoman scholarly tradition and manifests itself especially in theological, jurisprudential or mystical discussions.

 Bu çalışma, Osmanlı ilim geleneğinin dikkat çeken isimlerinden el-Hâc Hasan b. Ömer es-Sunkûrînin Gulât-ı Sûfiyyenin Bidat-ı Kabîhalarını Redden Muhtasarca Bir Risâle adlı eserini merkeze alarak, hem müellifin ilmî ve mezhebî kimliğini ortaya koymayı hem de risâledeki cehrî zikir eleştirilerini sistematik biçimde analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Söz konusu risâle, özellikle yüksek sesle ve bedensel hareketlerle yapılan zikir uygulamalarına yönelttiği sert tenkitlerle dikkat çekerken, bu tür sûfî pratiklerin Osmanlı ilmiye çevrelerinde hangi nassî ve usûlî gerekçelerle eleştirildiğini göstermesi bakımından önemli bir kaynak niteliği taşımaktadır. el-Hâc Hasan b. Ömer es-Sunkûrî, klasik Osmanlı medrese sisteminde yetişmiş, ilmiye sınıfına mensup bir müderris olarak dönemin önemli âlimlerinden Ahmed Ziyâeddin Gümüşhânevînin doğrudan talebesidir. Onun ilmî kişiliği, Hanefî fıkhı ve Eşarî kelâmı doğrultusunda şekillenmiş olup, Ehl-i sünnet dairesindeki düşünce çizgisini yansıtmaktadır. Sunkûrînin kelâmî ve fıkhî meselelerdeki yaklaşımı, sadece bir mezhep mensubiyetinden ibaret olmayıp, aynı zamanda klasik İslâm ilimlerinin yöntemsel tutarlılığına dayanan sistematik bir düşünceyi temsil etmektedir. Risâlede Sunkûrî, cehrî zikri bidat-ı kabîha olarak nitelendirerek, bu tür uygulamaların İslâmın sahih kaynaklarıyla çeliştiğini savunur. Eleştirilerini Kuran âyetlerine, sahih hadis rivayetlerine ve muteber fıkıh metinlerine dayandırarak gerekçelendirir. Bu yönüyle risâle, sadece bir sûfî pratiğe yönelik bireysel bir itiraz değil; aynı zamanda dönemin dinî ve ilmî çevrelerinde şekillenen tasavvuf eleştirisinin bir yansımasıdır. Müellifin nassları kullanma biçimi, onları yalnızca nakletmekle sınırlı kalmayıp, belirli bir yorum çerçevesinde yeniden anlamlandırarak sistemli bir reddiye kurgusu oluşturduğunu da göstermektedir. Bu durum, metinlerin yorumlanmasında mezhebî pozisyonun ve ilmî geleneğin etkisini açık biçimde ortaya koyar. Çalışmanın metodolojik çerçevesi, hem klasik biyografik tabakat eserlerin hem de Osmanlı arşiv belgeleri ile yazma eser koleksiyonlarının sistematik bir biçimde taranmasını içermektedir. Bu çerçevede, Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi başta olmak üzere çeşitli yazma eser koleksiyonlarında yer alan risâlenin nüshaları mukayeseli olarak incelenmiş, metnin edisyon kritiği yapılmış ve Sunkûrînin diğer eserleriyle karşılaştırılarak müellifin risâle üzerindeki telif hakkı teyit edilmiştir. Ayrıca eserdeki argümanların fikrî arka planı analiz edilerek, kelâmî ve fıkhî temeller üzerinden yürütülen sûfîlik eleştirisinin ne tür yöntemsel ve içeriksel özellikler taşıdığı ortaya konmuştur. Sonuç itibarıyla bu çalışma, hem Osmanlı medrese geleneğinde tasavvufa yöneltilen eleştirilerin ilmî zeminini görünür kılmakta hem de el-Hâc Hasan b. Ömer es-Sunkûrî özelinde, klasik ilimlerin sûfî pratikler karşısında nasıl konumlandığını gözler önüne sermektedir. Bu yönüyle makale, Osmanlı dönemi kelâm ve fıkıh disiplinlerinin tasavvufla ilişkisini ve özellikle reddeye türündeki literatür içerisindeki konumunu incelemek isteyen araştırmacılar için değerli bir ilmî katkı sunmaktadır.

Makale detayları

Edition Criticism and Evaluation of 'Umar al-Sunkūrī's ‘A Concise Treatise Rejecting the Bid'at-i-Kabīha of the Ghulāt al-Sufiyya’

Yazarlar:

Ali Aslan

Yayıncı:

Ordu University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Mezhepleri

Dergi:

Ordu İlahiyat Issue 5, pp.37-59

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001355520

pISSN:

3062-0287

History of Islamic Sects

Gulat

Sufiyya

Dhikr

Murid

Murshidİslam Mezhepler Tarihi

Gulât

Sûfilik

Zikir

Mürid

Mürşid.

Tasavvuf

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Ali Aslan

Yayıncı: Ordu University

Ana Başlıklar: İslam Mezhepleri

Dergi: Ordu İlahiyat Issue 5, pp.37-59

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 9/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001355520

pISSN: 3062-0287

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Ali Aslan

Yayıncı:

Ordu University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Mezhepleri

Dergi:

Ordu İlahiyat Issue 5, pp.37-59

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001355520

pISSN:

3062-0287