Architectural Metal Decoration in Traditional Van Houses

Şahabettin Öztürk

Makale detayları

Architectural Metal Decoration in Traditional Van Houses

Yazarlar:

Şahabettin Öztürk

Yayıncı:

Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi

Dergi:

Art Vision Vol.29 Issue 51, pp.178-185

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001311115

pISSN:

2822-3144

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Various kinds of houses have been built in almost all regions of Anatolia affiliated to different periods anonymously. Houses in the Eastern Anatolian Region that have been exposed to severe winter climates have architectural features varying from buildings in other regions to aspects of climate, material, plan, function, and form. Van houses have a feature of interior hall plan and built as flat soil roof structured and one- or two-storey detached statute. Each house consists of annexed sections such as garden, porch, furnice house, barn, and hayloft. Entrance facades of Van houses are open to the street or the road entirely. Thirty-eight traditional houses that were identified in todays city of Van have been destructed and dissolved completely until the year 2010. Then, centuries-old traditional culture and urban memory disappeared entirely. Five sorts of materials had been used in the outer front and interior sections of traditional Van houses: metal, wood, brick, plaster, and mosaic decorations. Metal materials have been used in windows, in doors, and rarely in balustrades and accessories of stairs in traditional civic architectural buildings after being swaged with the aid of anvils and hammers by local smiths in forges. Generated metal motifs are forged mostly out of rose, tulip, etc., from the nature in good order, as each of them is repetitive and symmetrically formed. The prevalent motif for balustrades is the one formed by repetitive S shapes in various styles used alongside or superpositioned to each other. Outer decorations on Van houses draw attention immediately as metal materials in entrance gates and windows. The aim of the conducted work is to document the identification of various decorations in traditional Van houses using scientific methods. Identified decoration samples are substantially important in terms of quality and quantity from the aspect of art and architectural history.

 Various kinds of houses have been built in almost all regions of Anatolia affiliated to different periods anonymously. Houses in the Eastern Anatolian Region that have been exposed to severe winter climates have architectural features varying from buildings in other regions to aspects of climate, material, plan, function, and form. Van houses have a feature of interior hall plan and built as flat soil roof structured and one- or two-storey detached statute. Each house consists of annexed sections such as garden, porch, furnice house, barn, and hayloft. Entrance facades of Van houses are open to the street or the road entirely. Thirty-eight traditional houses that were identified in todays city of Van have been destructed and dissolved completely until the year 2010. Then, centuries-old traditional culture and urban memory disappeared entirely. Five sorts of materials had been used in the outer front and interior sections of traditional Van houses: metal, wood, brick, plaster, and mosaic decorations. Metal materials have been used in windows, in doors, and rarely in balustrades and accessories of stairs in traditional civic architectural buildings after being swaged with the aid of anvils and hammers by local smiths in forges. Generated metal motifs are forged mostly out of rose, tulip, etc., from the nature in good order, as each of them is repetitive and symmetrically formed. The prevalent motif for balustrades is the one formed by repetitive S shapes in various styles used alongside or superpositioned to each other. Outer decorations on Van houses draw attention immediately as metal materials in entrance gates and windows. The aim of the conducted work is to document the identification of various decorations in traditional Van houses using scientific methods. Identified decoration samples are substantially important in terms of quality and quantity from the aspect of art and architectural history.

 Various kinds of houses have been built in almost all regions of Anatolia affiliated to different periods anonymously. Houses in the Eastern Anatolian Region that have been exposed to severe winter climates have architectural features varying from buildings in other regions to aspects of climate, material, plan, function, and form. Van houses have a feature of interior hall plan and built as flat soil roof structured and one- or two-storey detached statute. Each house consists of annexed sections such as garden, porch, furnice house, barn, and hayloft. Entrance facades of Van houses are open to the street or the road entirely. Thirty-eight traditional houses that were identified in todays city of Van have been destructed and dissolved completely until the year 2010. Then, centuries-old traditional culture and urban memory disappeared entirely. Five sorts of materials had been used in the outer front and interior sections of traditional Van houses: metal, wood, brick, plaster, and mosaic decorations. Metal materials have been used in windows, in doors, and rarely in balustrades and accessories of stairs in traditional civic architectural buildings after being swaged with the aid of anvils and hammers by local smiths in forges. Generated metal motifs are forged mostly out of rose, tulip, etc., from the nature in good order, as each of them is repetitive and symmetrically formed. The prevalent motif for balustrades is the one formed by repetitive S shapes in various styles used alongside or superpositioned to each other. Outer decorations on Van houses draw attention immediately as metal materials in entrance gates and windows. The aim of the conducted work is to document the identification of various decorations in traditional Van houses using scientific methods. Identified decoration samples are substantially important in terms of quality and quantity from the aspect of art and architectural history.

 Anadolunun hemen her bölgesinde değişik dönemlere ait anonim olarak çeşitli konutlar inşa edilmiştir. Ağır kış şartlarına maruz kalan Doğu Anadolu Bölgesindeki konutlar, iklim, malzeme, plan, işlev ve form olarak diğer bölgelerdeki yapılardan farklı mimari özelliklere sahiptir. Van evleri iç sofalı plan özelliğinde tek ve iki katlı ayrık nizamda düz toprak damlı bir yapıda inşa edilmiştir. Her ev, bahçe, hayat, tandır evi, ahır, samanlık gibi tamamlayıcı bölümlerden meydan gelir. Van evlerinin ana giriş cephesi sokak ya da caddeye tamamıyla açıktır. Günümüz Van şehrinde tespit edilen 38 geleneksel ev 2010 yılına kadar tamamen yıkılarak yok olmuştur. Böylece yüzyılların oluşturduğu geleneksel kültür ve kent hafızası tamamen yok olmuştur. Geleneksel Van evlerinin dış cephe ve iç mekânlarında metal, ahşap, tuğla, alçı-cass, mozaik süsleme olarak beş çeşit süsleme kullanılmıştır. Metal malzemesi yöredeki demir ustaları tarafından atölyelerde örs ve çekiç yardımıyla dövülerek geleneksel sivil mimari yapıların pencere, kapı, nadir olarak merdiven korkuluk ve aksesuarlarında kullanılmıştır. Oluşturulan metal motifler birbirinin tekrarı ve simetrik olarak daha çok doğadaki gül, lale vb. motif içerisinde düzenli olarak işlemesiyle oluşturulur. Korkuluklarda egemen olan motif S formunun değişik şekillerde yan yana ya da üst üste tekrarlanarak kullanılması ile oluşmaktadır. Van evlerinde dış süsleme, giriş cephesinde ana giriş kapısı ve pencerelerde metal malzeme olarak hemen göze çarpar. Yapılan çalışmanın amacı geleneksel Van evlerindeki farklı süslemelerin tespitini bilimsel yöntem ile belgelemektir. Tespiti yapılan süsleme örnekleri nitelik ve nicelik olarak Sanat ve Mimarlık Tarihi açısından oldukça önem arz etmektedir.

Makale detayları

Architectural Metal Decoration in Traditional Van Houses

Yazarlar:

Şahabettin Öztürk

Yayıncı:

Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi

Dergi:

Art Vision Vol.29 Issue 51, pp.178-185

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001311115

pISSN:

2822-3144

Chilled iron smith

entrance gate

metal decoration

stylized motif

traditional Van housesSoğuk demir ustası

giriş kapısı

metal süsleme

stilize motif

geleneksel Van evleri

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Şahabettin Öztürk

Yayıncı: Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar: Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi

Dergi: Art Vision Vol.29 Issue 51, pp.178-185

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 10/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001311115

pISSN: 2822-3144

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Şahabettin Öztürk

Yayıncı:

Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi

Dergi:

Art Vision Vol.29 Issue 51, pp.178-185

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001311115

pISSN:

2822-3144