The Use of Ionic-Impost Column Capitals in Byzantine Monumental Architecture: Prelimınary Considerations

Murat Certel

Makale detayları

The Use of Ionic-Impost Column Capitals in Byzantine Monumental Architecture: Prelimınary Considerations

Yazarlar:

Murat Certel

Yayıncı:

Ege University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sanat Tarihi | Arkeoloji Bilimi | Yunan ve Roma Dönemi Arkeolojisi

Dergi:

Ege Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.4 Issue 2-Jan, pp.77-89

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001309631

pISSN:

2651-4982

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Columns and column capitals used in architecture from Antiquity to the present appear in different types and styles in many building groups. Columns and column capitals, the first examples of which are encountered in temple architecture, are sometimes seen to have only a monument quality. In the Eastern Roman Empire, between the 4th and 6th centuries, many new column capital types emerged that continued the ancient tradition and developed away from this tradition over time. The beginning of the use of impost in the early 5th century led to some new developments in column capitals. One of these new developments is the start of the production of ion-impost type capitals, which emerged as a synthesis of impost and ion column capitals. Ionic-impost type capitals spread over a wide geography in the eastern and western Mediterranean, including the capital Constantinople, Anatolia, Continental Greece and Italy between the 5th and 6th centuries AD. It is seen that the use of this type of capitals became widespread especially during the reign of Emperor Justinian 527-565. Ion-impost type column capitals in Hagia Sophia, Hagia Irene and Little Hagia Sophia St. Sergius and St. Bacchus Church built by Emperor Justinian in Constantinople reflect the characteristic features of the period. After the 6th century AD, the use of this type of column capitals gradually decreased. In our study, it is aimed to introduce the main function of ion-impost type capitals, which reflect the architectural fashion of a period, and to answer the questions about whether such headboards are preferred due to aesthetic or architectural concerns in the light of the data in the literature.

 Columns and column capitals used in architecture from Antiquity to the present appear in different types and styles in many building groups. Columns and column capitals, the first examples of which are encountered in temple architecture, are sometimes seen to have only a monument quality. In the Eastern Roman Empire, between the 4th and 6th centuries, many new column capital types emerged that continued the ancient tradition and developed away from this tradition over time. The beginning of the use of impost in the early 5th century led to some new developments in column capitals. One of these new developments is the start of the production of ion-impost type capitals, which emerged as a synthesis of impost and ion column capitals. Ionic-impost type capitals spread over a wide geography in the eastern and western Mediterranean, including the capital Constantinople, Anatolia, Continental Greece and Italy between the 5th and 6th centuries AD. It is seen that the use of this type of capitals became widespread especially during the reign of Emperor Justinian 527-565. Ion-impost type column capitals in Hagia Sophia, Hagia Irene and Little Hagia Sophia St. Sergius and St. Bacchus Church built by Emperor Justinian in Constantinople reflect the characteristic features of the period. After the 6th century AD, the use of this type of column capitals gradually decreased. In our study, it is aimed to introduce the main function of ion-impost type capitals, which reflect the architectural fashion of a period, and to answer the questions about whether such headboards are preferred due to aesthetic or architectural concerns in the light of the data in the literature.

 Columns and column capitals used in architecture from Antiquity to the present appear in different types and styles in many building groups. Columns and column capitals, the first examples of which are encountered in temple architecture, are sometimes seen to have only a monument quality. In the Eastern Roman Empire, between the 4th and 6th centuries, many new column capital types emerged that continued the ancient tradition and developed away from this tradition over time. The beginning of the use of impost in the early 5th century led to some new developments in column capitals. One of these new developments is the start of the production of ion-impost type capitals, which emerged as a synthesis of impost and ion column capitals. Ionic-impost type capitals spread over a wide geography in the eastern and western Mediterranean, including the capital Constantinople, Anatolia, Continental Greece and Italy between the 5th and 6th centuries AD. It is seen that the use of this type of capitals became widespread especially during the reign of Emperor Justinian 527-565. Ion-impost type column capitals in Hagia Sophia, Hagia Irene and Little Hagia Sophia St. Sergius and St. Bacchus Church built by Emperor Justinian in Constantinople reflect the characteristic features of the period. After the 6th century AD, the use of this type of column capitals gradually decreased. In our study, it is aimed to introduce the main function of ion-impost type capitals, which reflect the architectural fashion of a period, and to answer the questions about whether such headboards are preferred due to aesthetic or architectural concerns in the light of the data in the literature.

 Antik Çağdan günümüze değin mimaride kullanılan sütun ve sütun başlıkları birçok yapı gurubunda farklı tip ve üslupta karşımıza çıkmaktadır. İlk örneklerine tapınak mimarisinde rastlanan sütun ve sütun başlıklarının bazen sadece anıt niteliğinde olduğu görülmektedir. Doğu Roma İmparatorluğunda 4. ve 6. yüzyıllar arasında antik geleneği sürdüren ve zamanla bu gelenekten uzaklaşarak gelişen birçok yeni sütun başlığı türü ortaya çıkmıştır. 5. yüzyılın başlarında impost kullanımının başlanması, sütun başlıklarında bazı yeni gelişmelere yol açmıştır. Bu yeni gelişmelerden biri de impost ve ion sütun başlıklarının bir sentezi olarak ortaya çıkan ion-impost tipi başlıkların üretimine başlamasıdır. İon-impost tipi sütun başlıkları MS 5. ve 6. yüzyıllar arasında Başkent Konstantinopolis, Anadolu, Kıta Yunanistan ve İtalya dâhil olmak üzere doğu ve batı Akdenizde oldukça geniş bir coğrafyaya yayılmıştır. Bu tip sütun başlıklarının kullanımının özellikle, İmparator Justinianus 527-565 döneminde yaygınlaştığı görülmektedir. İmparator Justinianus tarafından Konstantinopoliste inşa ettirilen Ayasofya, Aya İrini ve Küçük Ayasofyadaki Aziz Sergios ve Aziz Bakhos Kilisesi ion-impost tipi sütun başlıkları dönemin karakteristik özelliklerini yansıtmaktadır. MS 6. yüzyıldan sonra ise bu tip sütun başlıklarının kullanımı giderek azalmıştır. Çalışmamızda, bir dönemin mimari modasını yansıtan ion-impost tipi başlıkların asıl işlevinin tanıtılması, literatürdeki veriler ışığında bu tür başlıkların estetik mi yoksa mimari kaygılar nedeniyle mi tercih edildiğine dair sorulara cevap bulunması amaçlanmıştır.

Makale detayları

The Use of Ionic-Impost Column Capitals in Byzantine Monumental Architecture: Prelimınary Considerations

Yazarlar:

Murat Certel

Yayıncı:

Ege University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sanat Tarihi | Arkeoloji Bilimi | Yunan ve Roma Dönemi Arkeolojisi

Dergi:

Ege Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.4 Issue 2-Jan, pp.77-89

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001309631

pISSN:

2651-4982

Late Antique

Byzantine period

Architectural sculpture

Column capital

Ionic-impostGeç Antik Çağ

Bizans Dönemi

Mimari plastik

Sütun başlığı

Ion-impost

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Murat Certel

Yayıncı: Ege University

Ana Başlıklar: Sanat Tarihi | Arkeoloji Bilimi | Yunan ve Roma Dönemi Arkeolojisi

Dergi: Ege Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.4 Issue 2-Jan, pp.77-89

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 8/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001309631

pISSN: 2651-4982

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Murat Certel

Yayıncı:

Ege University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sanat Tarihi | Arkeoloji Bilimi | Yunan ve Roma Dönemi Arkeolojisi

Dergi:

Ege Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.4 Issue 2-Jan, pp.77-89

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001309631

pISSN:

2651-4982