READJUSTMENT OF GENDARMERIE OF THE JANINA PROVINCE (1903-1912)

N.A.

Makale detayları

READJUSTMENT OF GENDARMERIE OF THE JANINA PROVINCE (1903-1912)

Yazarlar:

N.A.

Yayıncı:

Selcuk University

Dergi:

Selçuk Üniversitesi Selçuklu Araştırmaları Dergisi Issue 17, pp.159-184

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001282940

pISSN:

1015-2105

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 is significant since the Ottoman State initiated the process leading to radical changes in its internal security organization. After the war, the Ottoman Government recognized the weaknesses in its internal security structure and completed the transition from the zaptieh order to the gendarmerie organization in 1879, with the support of European officers, as well. For this purpose, the duties and responsibilities of the gendarmerie were specified and the gendarmerie system was tried to be established in the provinces. However, the separatist ethnic movements and gang activities that emerged in the Balkans after the Russo-Turkish War prevented the gendarmerie from being organized in the intended way. The gendarmerie was also affected by the pressures about reform from European states, and the reforms in the gendarmerie organization became inevitable, especially in Rumelia. With those pressures, a number of reform movements were initiated in the Rumelian gendarmerie between 1896 and 1901 that allowed non-Muslim subjects to participate. However, in fact, attempts to put the Ottoman gendarmerie in order, that is, readjustment attempts, gained momentum after the establishment of the The General Inspectorate of Rumelia and, in particular, after the announcement of the Mürzsteg Programme in 1903, which included serious reforms in the management of the Macedonia geography. The Mürzsteg Programme excluded the provinces of Adrianople, Shkodra and Janina, which were located in Rumelia, from the readjustment. Although the gendarmerie of the Janina Province was excluded from the readjustment, it went through two separate periods of readjustment between 1903-1906 and 1906-1912, sometimes with its own internal dynamics, sometimes with the support of the General Inspectorate of Rumelia and the Third Army. In this study, the readjustment process of the gendarmerie of the Janina Province between 1903 and 1912 will be examined in the light of archival documents from the Ottoman Archives of the Prime Ministry and it will be questioned whether the readjustment attempts achieved success.

 The Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 is significant since the Ottoman State initiated the process leading to radical changes in its internal security organization. After the war, the Ottoman Government recognized the weaknesses in its internal security structure and completed the transition from the zaptieh order to the gendarmerie organization in 1879, with the support of European officers, as well. For this purpose, the duties and responsibilities of the gendarmerie were specified and the gendarmerie system was tried to be established in the provinces. However, the separatist ethnic movements and gang activities that emerged in the Balkans after the Russo-Turkish War prevented the gendarmerie from being organized in the intended way. The gendarmerie was also affected by the pressures about reform from European states, and the reforms in the gendarmerie organization became inevitable, especially in Rumelia. With those pressures, a number of reform movements were initiated in the Rumelian gendarmerie between 1896 and 1901 that allowed non-Muslim subjects to participate. However, in fact, attempts to put the Ottoman gendarmerie in order, that is, readjustment attempts, gained momentum after the establishment of the The General Inspectorate of Rumelia and, in particular, after the announcement of the Mürzsteg Programme in 1903, which included serious reforms in the management of the Macedonia geography. The Mürzsteg Programme excluded the provinces of Adrianople, Shkodra and Janina, which were located in Rumelia, from the readjustment. Although the gendarmerie of the Janina Province was excluded from the readjustment, it went through two separate periods of readjustment between 1903-1906 and 1906-1912, sometimes with its own internal dynamics, sometimes with the support of the General Inspectorate of Rumelia and the Third Army. In this study, the readjustment process of the gendarmerie of the Janina Province between 1903 and 1912 will be examined in the light of archival documents from the Ottoman Archives of the Prime Ministry and it will be questioned whether the readjustment attempts achieved success.

 The Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 is significant since the Ottoman State initiated the process leading to radical changes in its internal security organization. After the war, the Ottoman Government recognized the weaknesses in its internal security structure and completed the transition from the zaptieh order to the gendarmerie organization in 1879, with the support of European officers, as well. For this purpose, the duties and responsibilities of the gendarmerie were specified and the gendarmerie system was tried to be established in the provinces. However, the separatist ethnic movements and gang activities that emerged in the Balkans after the Russo-Turkish War prevented the gendarmerie from being organized in the intended way. The gendarmerie was also affected by the pressures about reform from European states, and the reforms in the gendarmerie organization became inevitable, especially in Rumelia. With those pressures, a number of reform movements were initiated in the Rumelian gendarmerie between 1896 and 1901 that allowed non-Muslim subjects to participate. However, in fact, attempts to put the Ottoman gendarmerie in order, that is, readjustment attempts, gained momentum after the establishment of the The General Inspectorate of Rumelia and, in particular, after the announcement of the Mürzsteg Programme in 1903, which included serious reforms in the management of the Macedonia geography. The Mürzsteg Programme excluded the provinces of Adrianople, Shkodra and Janina, which were located in Rumelia, from the readjustment. Although the gendarmerie of the Janina Province was excluded from the readjustment, it went through two separate periods of readjustment between 1903-1906 and 1906-1912, sometimes with its own internal dynamics, sometimes with the support of the General Inspectorate of Rumelia and the Third Army. In this study, the readjustment process of the gendarmerie of the Janina Province between 1903 and 1912 will be examined in the light of archival documents from the Ottoman Archives of the Prime Ministry and it will be questioned whether the readjustment attempts achieved success.

 1877-1878 Osmanlı- Rus Savaşı Osmanlı Devletinin iç güvenlik teşkilatında köklü değişikliklere giden süreci başlatması bakımından önemlidir. Osmanlı Hükümeti savaş sonrası iç güvenlik yapısındaki zafiyetleri yakından görüp Avrupalı subayların da desteğiyle 1879 yılında zaptiye düzeninden kesin olarak jandarma teşkilatlanmasına geçişi tamamlamıştır. Bu doğrultuda jandarmanın görev ve sorumlulukları belirlenmeye başlanmış vilayetlerde jandarma sistemi oturtulmaya çalışılmıştır; fakat Osmanlı-Rus Savaşından sonra Balkanlarda ortaya çıkan ayrılıkçı etnik hareketler ve çetecilik faaliyetleri jandarmanın istenilen şekilde teşkilatlanmasını engellemiştir. Avrupalı devletlerin reform baskılarından jandarma da etkilenmiş, özellikle Rumelide jandarma teşkilatında ıslahatlar yapılması kaçınılmaz hale gelmiştir. Reform baskıları altında 1896-1901 yılları arasında Rumeli jandarmasında gayrimüslim tebaanın da katılımını sağlayan bir dizi ıslahat hareketine girişilmiştir; fakat gerçek anlamda Osmanlı jandarmasını düzene koyma yani tensikat girişimleri Rumeli Umumi Müfettişliğinin kurulması ve bilhassa 1903 yılında Makedonya coğrafyasının yönetiminde ciddi reformları içeren Mürzsteg Programının ilanından sonra hız kazanmıştır. Mürzsteg Programı Rumelide yer alan Edirne, İşkodra ve Yanya Vilayetlerini tensikatın dışında tutmuştur. Yanya Vilayeti jandarması tensikatın dışında bırakılmasına rağmen kimi zaman kendi iç dinamikleriyle kimi zaman da Rumeli Umumi Müfettişliği ve Üçüncü Ordunun desteğiyle 1903-1906 ve 1906-1912 yılları arasında iki tensikat dönemi geçirmiştir. Bu çalışmada Yanya Vilayeti jandarmasının 1903-1912 yılları arasında geçirdiği tensikat süreci Başbakanlık Osmanlı arşiv belgeleri ışığında incelenecek ve tensikatın başarıya ulaşıp ulaşmadığı sorgulanacaktır.

Makale detayları

READJUSTMENT OF GENDARMERIE OF THE JANINA PROVINCE (1903-1912)

Yazarlar:

N.A.

Yayıncı:

Selcuk University

Dergi:

Selçuk Üniversitesi Selçuklu Araştırmaları Dergisi Issue 17, pp.159-184

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001282940

pISSN:

1015-2105

Rumelia

Janina Province

Gendarmerie

Readjustment

Rumeli

Yanya Vilayeti

Jandarma

Tensikat

Osmanlı Devleti

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: N.A.

Yayıncı: Selcuk University

Dergi: Selçuk Üniversitesi Selçuklu Araştırmaları Dergisi Issue 17, pp.159-184

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 1/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001282940

pISSN: 1015-2105

Sayı

Yazarlar:

N.A.

Yayıncı:

Selcuk University

Dergi:

Selçuk Üniversitesi Selçuklu Araştırmaları Dergisi Issue 17, pp.159-184

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001282940

pISSN:

1015-2105