The Content and Stylistic Features of the Elegy Poem in Bahāeddīn al-‘Āmilī’s Dīwān

Abdullah Gümüşsoy

Makale detayları

The Content and Stylistic Features of the Elegy Poem in Bahāeddīn al-‘Āmilī’s Dīwān

Yazarlar:

Abdullah Gümüşsoy

Yayıncı:

Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi:

Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 2, pp.1090-1112

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001357951

pISSN:

2147-8171

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Poetry has been regarded throughout human history as one of the most ancient and powerful means of expressing the inner world, emotions, and thoughts of individuals in the deepest and most impactful way. Especially during periods dominated by oral cultures, poetry was not only a form of art but also played a significant role in the transmission of knowledge, the preservation of historical events in collective memory, and the intergenerational transfer of societal values. Appearing in various forms across nearly every civilization in human history, poetry holds a particularly special place in Arabic literature. Arabic poetry has developed into a rich tradition, both due to its historical roots and the expressive potential of the Arabic language. The vast vocabulary of Arabic, the flexibility of its grammatical structure, and its suitability for literary arts have significantly contributed to the development of this literary genre. As a result, many powerful poets have emerged in diverse thematic genres such as satire hijā, praise fakhr, eulogy madḥ, and elegy marthiyya. The unique metric and rhyme systems of Arabic poetry were codified into a classical form, especially within the framework of ʿarūḍ, a prosodic science developed by al-Khalīl ibn Aḥmad. In this way, poetry became not only a vehicle for expressing individual emotions but also a medium for conveying social values, historical events, and collective memoryserving as a tool for communication and cultural transmission. Within this poetic tradition, the genre of marthiya elegy stands out as a form that expresses deep sorrow and longing for the deceased while also commemorating their virtues. This genre serves both as a manifestation of individual mourning and as a reflection of a broader social tradition. Elegies, beyond being mere laments, are aesthetic texts enriched with literary arts. Bahāʾ al-Dīn al-ʿĀmilī d. 10301621, born in Lebanon in 9531547 into a scholarly family, began his education at a young age and continued his studies in various Islamic lands. Living in the 16th-century Ottoman and Safavid regions, al-ʿĀmilī was a prominent thinker known for both his scholarly and literary identity. As one of the renowned scholars of his time, he authored works in various fields, including tafsir, fıqh, kelām, mathematics, and astronomy. However, his poetic side has not received as much scholarly attention as his academic contributions. Yet his poetry, in both content and form, successfully reflects the classical Arabic poetic tradition. His poems, scattered across different works, were compiled by Sayyid Muḥammad Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn and published in 2009 under the title Dīwān al-Shaykh al-Bahāʾī. This dīwān is significant both for its poetic aesthetic and for reflecting the emotional and intellectual atmosphere of the time. This study offers a brief biographical introduction to Bahāʾ al-Dīn al-ʿĀmilī and provides a general evaluation of his scholarly and literary qualities. In particular, a poem he wrote in the elegy genre is analyzed in detail using classical Arabic poetry analysis methods, focusing on form, theme, style, and literary devices. Comprising twenty-three couplets, this elegy, with its emotional depth and artistic expression, represents a contemporary reflection of the classical Arabic elegiac tradition. In the elegy, the poet employs both declarative and exclamatory sentence structures, making effective use of rhetorical styles. He skillfully utilizes figurative language tools such as simile tashbīh, metaphor istiʿārah, metonymy majāz, and allusion kināyah. Furthermore, he demonstrates mastery of the subtleties of the science of badīʿ by artfully employing techniques like jinās paronomasia, taṣrīʿ rhyme within the hemistich, ṭibāq antithesis, and murāʿāt al-naẓīr parallelism. In this context, the poem in question stands out as a literary work worthy of analysis not only thematically but also technically.

 Poetry has been regarded throughout human history as one of the most ancient and powerful means of expressing the inner world, emotions, and thoughts of individuals in the deepest and most impactful way. Especially during periods dominated by oral cultures, poetry was not only a form of art but also played a significant role in the transmission of knowledge, the preservation of historical events in collective memory, and the intergenerational transfer of societal values. Appearing in various forms across nearly every civilization in human history, poetry holds a particularly special place in Arabic literature. Arabic poetry has developed into a rich tradition, both due to its historical roots and the expressive potential of the Arabic language. The vast vocabulary of Arabic, the flexibility of its grammatical structure, and its suitability for literary arts have significantly contributed to the development of this literary genre. As a result, many powerful poets have emerged in diverse thematic genres such as satire hijā, praise fakhr, eulogy madḥ, and elegy marthiyya. The unique metric and rhyme systems of Arabic poetry were codified into a classical form, especially within the framework of ʿarūḍ, a prosodic science developed by al-Khalīl ibn Aḥmad. In this way, poetry became not only a vehicle for expressing individual emotions but also a medium for conveying social values, historical events, and collective memoryserving as a tool for communication and cultural transmission. Within this poetic tradition, the genre of marthiya elegy stands out as a form that expresses deep sorrow and longing for the deceased while also commemorating their virtues. This genre serves both as a manifestation of individual mourning and as a reflection of a broader social tradition. Elegies, beyond being mere laments, are aesthetic texts enriched with literary arts. Bahāʾ al-Dīn al-ʿĀmilī d. 10301621, born in Lebanon in 9531547 into a scholarly family, began his education at a young age and continued his studies in various Islamic lands. Living in the 16th-century Ottoman and Safavid regions, al-ʿĀmilī was a prominent thinker known for both his scholarly and literary identity. As one of the renowned scholars of his time, he authored works in various fields, including tafsir, fıqh, kelām, mathematics, and astronomy. However, his poetic side has not received as much scholarly attention as his academic contributions. Yet his poetry, in both content and form, successfully reflects the classical Arabic poetic tradition. His poems, scattered across different works, were compiled by Sayyid Muḥammad Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn and published in 2009 under the title Dīwān al-Shaykh al-Bahāʾī. This dīwān is significant both for its poetic aesthetic and for reflecting the emotional and intellectual atmosphere of the time. This study offers a brief biographical introduction to Bahāʾ al-Dīn al-ʿĀmilī and provides a general evaluation of his scholarly and literary qualities. In particular, a poem he wrote in the elegy genre is analyzed in detail using classical Arabic poetry analysis methods, focusing on form, theme, style, and literary devices. Comprising twenty-three couplets, this elegy, with its emotional depth and artistic expression, represents a contemporary reflection of the classical Arabic elegiac tradition. In the elegy, the poet employs both declarative and exclamatory sentence structures, making effective use of rhetorical styles. He skillfully utilizes figurative language tools such as simile tashbīh, metaphor istiʿārah, metonymy majāz, and allusion kināyah. Furthermore, he demonstrates mastery of the subtleties of the science of badīʿ by artfully employing techniques like jinās paronomasia, taṣrīʿ rhyme within the hemistich, ṭibāq antithesis, and murāʿāt al-naẓīr parallelism. In this context, the poem in question stands out as a literary work worthy of analysis not only thematically but also technically.

 Poetry has been regarded throughout human history as one of the most ancient and powerful means of expressing the inner world, emotions, and thoughts of individuals in the deepest and most impactful way. Especially during periods dominated by oral cultures, poetry was not only a form of art but also played a significant role in the transmission of knowledge, the preservation of historical events in collective memory, and the intergenerational transfer of societal values. Appearing in various forms across nearly every civilization in human history, poetry holds a particularly special place in Arabic literature. Arabic poetry has developed into a rich tradition, both due to its historical roots and the expressive potential of the Arabic language. The vast vocabulary of Arabic, the flexibility of its grammatical structure, and its suitability for literary arts have significantly contributed to the development of this literary genre. As a result, many powerful poets have emerged in diverse thematic genres such as satire hijā, praise fakhr, eulogy madḥ, and elegy marthiyya. The unique metric and rhyme systems of Arabic poetry were codified into a classical form, especially within the framework of ʿarūḍ, a prosodic science developed by al-Khalīl ibn Aḥmad. In this way, poetry became not only a vehicle for expressing individual emotions but also a medium for conveying social values, historical events, and collective memoryserving as a tool for communication and cultural transmission. Within this poetic tradition, the genre of marthiya elegy stands out as a form that expresses deep sorrow and longing for the deceased while also commemorating their virtues. This genre serves both as a manifestation of individual mourning and as a reflection of a broader social tradition. Elegies, beyond being mere laments, are aesthetic texts enriched with literary arts. Bahāʾ al-Dīn al-ʿĀmilī d. 10301621, born in Lebanon in 9531547 into a scholarly family, began his education at a young age and continued his studies in various Islamic lands. Living in the 16th-century Ottoman and Safavid regions, al-ʿĀmilī was a prominent thinker known for both his scholarly and literary identity. As one of the renowned scholars of his time, he authored works in various fields, including tafsir, fıqh, kelām, mathematics, and astronomy. However, his poetic side has not received as much scholarly attention as his academic contributions. Yet his poetry, in both content and form, successfully reflects the classical Arabic poetic tradition. His poems, scattered across different works, were compiled by Sayyid Muḥammad Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn and published in 2009 under the title Dīwān al-Shaykh al-Bahāʾī. This dīwān is significant both for its poetic aesthetic and for reflecting the emotional and intellectual atmosphere of the time. This study offers a brief biographical introduction to Bahāʾ al-Dīn al-ʿĀmilī and provides a general evaluation of his scholarly and literary qualities. In particular, a poem he wrote in the elegy genre is analyzed in detail using classical Arabic poetry analysis methods, focusing on form, theme, style, and literary devices. Comprising twenty-three couplets, this elegy, with its emotional depth and artistic expression, represents a contemporary reflection of the classical Arabic elegiac tradition. In the elegy, the poet employs both declarative and exclamatory sentence structures, making effective use of rhetorical styles. He skillfully utilizes figurative language tools such as simile tashbīh, metaphor istiʿārah, metonymy majāz, and allusion kināyah. Furthermore, he demonstrates mastery of the subtleties of the science of badīʿ by artfully employing techniques like jinās paronomasia, taṣrīʿ rhyme within the hemistich, ṭibāq antithesis, and murāʿāt al-naẓīr parallelism. In this context, the poem in question stands out as a literary work worthy of analysis not only thematically but also technically.

 Şiir, insanlık tarihi boyunca insanın iç dünyasını, duygu ve düşüncelerini en derin ve etkili biçimde ifade etmenin en kadim ve güçlü yollarından biri olarak kabul edilir. Özellikle sözlü kültürlerin egemen olduğu dönemlerde şiir, sadece bir sanat formu değil, aynı zamanda bilgi aktarımı, tarihî olayların hafızalarda yer etmesi ve toplumsal değerlerin kuşaktan kuşağa aktarılması noktasında önemli bir rol üstlenmiştir. İnsanlık tarihi boyunca hemen her medeniyette farklı biçimlerde tezahür eden şiir, özellikle Arap edebiyatında özel bir konuma sahiptir. Arap şiiri hem tarihi kökeni itibariyle hem de dilin sunduğu anlatım imkânları açısından zengin bir gelenek oluşturmuştur. Arapçanın zengin kelime hazinesi, gramer yapısının esnekliği ve edebî sanatlara elverişli doğası, bu edebî türün gelişimine büyük katkı sağlamıştır. Bu sayede hiciv, fahr medih ve mersiye gibi tematik çeşitliliğe sahip türlerde birçok güçlü şair yetişmiştir. Arap şiirinin kendine has ölçü, vezin ve kafiye sistemleri, özellikle el-Halîl b. Ahmed tarafından sistemleştirilen arûz ilmi çerçevesinde klasikleşmiştir. Bu yönüyle şiir, sadece bireysel duyguların değil, aynı zamanda sosyal değerlerin, tarihi olayların ve kolektif hafızanın da taşıyıcısı olmuş; bir iletişim ve kültürel aktarım aracı olarak işlev görmüştür. Bu şiirsel gelenek içerisinde mersiye türü, ölen kişiye duyulan derin hüzün ve özlemi dile getiren, onun faziletlerini yâd eden bir tür olarak öne çıkar. Bu tür hem bireysel yas sürecinin hem de toplumsal bir geleneğin tezahürü olarak önemli bir işlev görmüştür. Mersiyeler, yalnızca bir ağıt olmanın ötesinde, edebî sanatlarla zenginleştirilmiş estetik metinlerdir. İlim ehli bir ailenin ferdi olarak 9531547 yılında Lübnanda dünyaya gelen Bahâeddîn el-Âmilî ö. 10301621, küçük yaşlarda başladığı ilmî tahsilini çeşitli İslam beldelerinde sürdürmüştür. 16. yüzyıl Osmanlı ve Safevî coğrafyasında yaşamış olan el-Âmilî, hem ilmî hem de edebî kişiliğiyle dikkat çeken önemli bir mütefekkirdir. Döneminin tanınmış âlimlerinden biri olarak, tefsir, fıkıh, kelâm, matematik ve astronomi gibi çok sayıda ilim dalında eserler kaleme almıştır. Bununla birlikte, onun şairlik yönü, ilmî kişiliği kadar araştırmalara konu edilmemiştir. Oysaki onun şiirleri hem içerik hem de şekil bakımından klasik Arap şiir geleneğini başarıyla yansıtmaktadır. Farklı eserlerine serpiştirilmiş hâlde bulunan şiirleri, Seyyid Muhammed Zeynelâbidîn ö. 2004 tarafından bir araya getirilerek Dîvânuş-Şeyh el-Bahâî adıyla 2009 yılında yayımlanmıştır. Söz konusu divan hem şiir estetiği hem de dönemin duygusal ve fikrî atmosferini yansıtması bakımından önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada Bahâeddîn el-Âmilînin kısa bir biyografik tanıtımı yapılmakta; ilmî ve edebî yönleriyle genel bir değerlendirmesi sunulmaktadır. Özellikle mersiye türünde kaleme aldığı bir şiir, klasik Arap şiiri çözümleme yöntemleriyle; şekil, tema, üslup ve sanatlar açısından detaylı şekilde incelenmektedir. Yirmi üç beyitten oluşan bu mersiye, içerdiği duygusal yoğunluk ve sanatlı anlatım sayesinde klasik Arap mersiye geleneğinin çağdaş bir yansıması olma niteliği taşımaktadır. Şair, mersiyesinde hem haberi hem de inşâî cümle yapılarına yer vererek beyan üsluplarından faydalanmış; teşbih, istiâre, mecâz ve kinâye gibi mecazlı anlatım araçlarını başarıyla kullanmıştır. Ayrıca, bedî ilminin inceliklerine de hâkimiyet göstererek cinâs, tasrî, tıbâk ve murââtun-nazîr gibi sanatları ustalıkla şiirine yansıtmıştır. Bu bağlamda söz konusu şiir, yalnızca tematik değil, aynı zamanda teknik bakımdan da incelemeye değer bir edebî metin olarak dikkat çekmektedir.

Makale detayları

The Content and Stylistic Features of the Elegy Poem in Bahāeddīn al-‘Āmilī’s Dīwān

Yazarlar:

Abdullah Gümüşsoy

Yayıncı:

Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi:

Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 2, pp.1090-1112

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001357951

pISSN:

2147-8171

Arabic Language and Rhetoric

Poetry

Elegy

Bahâeddîn al-'Âmilî's DîwânArap Dili ve Belagatı

Şiir

Mersiye

Bahâeddîn el-'Âmilî Dîvânı

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Abdullah Gümüşsoy

Yayıncı: Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Ana Başlıklar: Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi: Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 2, pp.1090-1112

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 9/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001357951

pISSN: 2147-8171

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Abdullah Gümüşsoy

Yayıncı:

Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi:

Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 2, pp.1090-1112

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001357951

pISSN:

2147-8171