Natural law perspective underlying The Republic of Türkiye

Burçin Aydoğdu

Makale detayları

Natural law perspective underlying The Republic of Türkiye

Yazarlar:

Burçin Aydoğdu

Yayıncı:

Balıkesir University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hukuk Sosyolojisi

Dergi:

Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Vol.26 Issue 49-1, pp.79-94

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2023

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001302794

pISSN:

1301-5265

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Republic of Türkiye was founded during the years, starting with the Allied Powers occupation by the end of World War War in 1918-1919 and until declaration of the republic in November 29, 1923. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the first president of the Turkish republic and leader of the liberation war preceding it, mentioned in one of his speeches that the struggle for an independent Turkish Republic was initiated with the motto There is right in the world, and the right is superior to might, for sure. This motto implies that the struggle against the occupying powers and the monarchy under their control, wouldnt be only a military campaign for obtaining actual dominance through physical fight, but also a legal struggle based on universally accepted principles of the law. Analyzing those years retrospectively, one can see recognition of the Republic of Türkiye is based on the struggles legal victories gained in Lausanne, in support of the world-wide accepted legal principles, in addition to its actual dominance over the lands. These legal victories include recognition of the new republic as a result of execution of Turks self-determination rights under Wilsons principles and new republics economically and politically equal status as a reflection of the natural rights of every people under republicannationalist viewpoint that stems from the French Revolution Öktem, 2011, 271, as well as more commonly accepted principles such as Pacta Sund Servanda and reciprocity. This study, leaving aside the military achievements, handles the legal and political achievements obtained by the Turkish republic in 1923 under natural law doctrine between 1919 and 1923, all of which form a part of the fundamentals of Republic of Türkiye. These include Turkish nations right to be represented under General Will theory, peoples right to form a new government in case of chaos for protection of their natural rights such as freedom, right to life and right to property, maintenance of the rights inherited from the monarchy under Pacta Sund Servanda principle and recognition of all these rights under international law as a universally fundamental of law under the doctrine of Hugo Grotius.

 Republic of Türkiye was founded during the years, starting with the Allied Powers occupation by the end of World War War in 1918-1919 and until declaration of the republic in November 29, 1923. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the first president of the Turkish republic and leader of the liberation war preceding it, mentioned in one of his speeches that the struggle for an independent Turkish Republic was initiated with the motto There is right in the world, and the right is superior to might, for sure. This motto implies that the struggle against the occupying powers and the monarchy under their control, wouldnt be only a military campaign for obtaining actual dominance through physical fight, but also a legal struggle based on universally accepted principles of the law. Analyzing those years retrospectively, one can see recognition of the Republic of Türkiye is based on the struggles legal victories gained in Lausanne, in support of the world-wide accepted legal principles, in addition to its actual dominance over the lands. These legal victories include recognition of the new republic as a result of execution of Turks self-determination rights under Wilsons principles and new republics economically and politically equal status as a reflection of the natural rights of every people under republicannationalist viewpoint that stems from the French Revolution Öktem, 2011, 271, as well as more commonly accepted principles such as Pacta Sund Servanda and reciprocity. This study, leaving aside the military achievements, handles the legal and political achievements obtained by the Turkish republic in 1923 under natural law doctrine between 1919 and 1923, all of which form a part of the fundamentals of Republic of Türkiye. These include Turkish nations right to be represented under General Will theory, peoples right to form a new government in case of chaos for protection of their natural rights such as freedom, right to life and right to property, maintenance of the rights inherited from the monarchy under Pacta Sund Servanda principle and recognition of all these rights under international law as a universally fundamental of law under the doctrine of Hugo Grotius.

 Republic of Türkiye was founded during the years, starting with the Allied Powers occupation by the end of World War War in 1918-1919 and until declaration of the republic in November 29, 1923. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the first president of the Turkish republic and leader of the liberation war preceding it, mentioned in one of his speeches that the struggle for an independent Turkish Republic was initiated with the motto There is right in the world, and the right is superior to might, for sure. This motto implies that the struggle against the occupying powers and the monarchy under their control, wouldnt be only a military campaign for obtaining actual dominance through physical fight, but also a legal struggle based on universally accepted principles of the law. Analyzing those years retrospectively, one can see recognition of the Republic of Türkiye is based on the struggles legal victories gained in Lausanne, in support of the world-wide accepted legal principles, in addition to its actual dominance over the lands. These legal victories include recognition of the new republic as a result of execution of Turks self-determination rights under Wilsons principles and new republics economically and politically equal status as a reflection of the natural rights of every people under republicannationalist viewpoint that stems from the French Revolution Öktem, 2011, 271, as well as more commonly accepted principles such as Pacta Sund Servanda and reciprocity. This study, leaving aside the military achievements, handles the legal and political achievements obtained by the Turkish republic in 1923 under natural law doctrine between 1919 and 1923, all of which form a part of the fundamentals of Republic of Türkiye. These include Turkish nations right to be represented under General Will theory, peoples right to form a new government in case of chaos for protection of their natural rights such as freedom, right to life and right to property, maintenance of the rights inherited from the monarchy under Pacta Sund Servanda principle and recognition of all these rights under international law as a universally fundamental of law under the doctrine of Hugo Grotius.

 Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, Birinci Dünya Savaşının bitiminin ardından, 1918-1919 yıllarında Müttefik Devletlerin işgaline karşı başlayarak, 29 Kasım 1923 tarihinde cumhuriyetin ilanına kadar geçen süreçte kuruldu. Türk cumhuriyetinin ilk cumhurbaşkanı ve Kurtuluş Savaşının önderliğini yapmış olan Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, konuşmalarından birinde bağımsız bir Türk Cumhuriyeti için mücadelenin Elbet alemde bir hak vardır ve hak kuvvetin üstündedir şeklindeki söylemini şiar edinerek başlamış olduğunu ifade etmiştir. Bu söylem, işgalci güçlere ve onların kontrolü altında bulunan monarşiye karşı mücadelenin sadece fiziksel bir savaşla gerçek egemenliği elde etme girişimi olmayacağını, aynı zamanda evrensel ölçekte kabul görmüş hukuk ilkelerine dayalı bir hukuki mücadele de olacağını ima etmektedir. Geçmişe dönüp o yıllara bugünden bakıldığında, Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin tanınmasının, topraklar üzerindeki fiili egemenliğine ek olarak dünya çapında kabul görmüş hukuk ilkelerinin desteğinde Lozandaki kazanılmış olan hukuk zaferlerine dayandığı görülebilir. Bu hukuk zaferleri arasında Türk halkının Wilson prensiplerinden doğan kendi kaderini tayin etme hakkını kullanmasının sonucu olarak yeni cumhuriyetin tanınması, Fransız Devriminden kaynaklanan cumhuriyetçimilliyetçi bakış açısına göre her milletin sahip olduğu doğal haklarının bir yansıması olarak yeni cumhuriyetin gerek ekonomik açıdan gerekse siyasi açıdan eşit statüye sahip olması olduğu gibi daha geniş kabul gören Ahde Vefa ve karşılıklılık gibi ilkeler vardır. Bu çalışma, askeri başarıları konu kapsamı dışında tutarak 1919 yılından 1923 yılına kadar Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin doğal hukuk doktrini çerçevesinde elde etmiş olduğu hukuki ve siyasi başarıları ele almaktadır, ki bu başarılar Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin temellerinin bir kısmını teşkil etmektedir. Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin temelini oluşturan bu unsurlar içinde, Türk milletinin Genel İrade teorisi gereğince temsil edilme hakkı, kaos durumunda özgürlük, yaşam hakkı ve mülkiyet hakkı gibi doğal haklarını koruma amacıyla yeni bir devlet kurma hakkı, Ahde Vefa ilkesinin gereklerine uygun olarak, monarşiden miras kalmış olan hakların muhafaza edilmesi ve tüm bu hakların Hugo Grotiusun geliştirmiş olduğu doktrin çerçevesinde hukukun evrensel esaslarından biri olarak tüm bu söz konusu hakların uluslararası hukuk tarafından kabul görmesi de vardır.

Makale detayları

Natural law perspective underlying The Republic of Türkiye

Yazarlar:

Burçin Aydoğdu

Yayıncı:

Balıkesir University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hukuk Sosyolojisi

Dergi:

Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Vol.26 Issue 49-1, pp.79-94

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2023

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001302794

pISSN:

1301-5265

Republic

Natural Law

Natural Rights

Self-Determination

Hugo GrotiusCumhuriyet

Doğal Hukuk

Doğal Haklar

Kendi Kaderini Tayin Hakkı

Hugo Grotius

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Burçin Aydoğdu

Yayıncı: Balıkesir University

Ana Başlıklar: Hukuk Sosyolojisi

Dergi: Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Vol.26 Issue 49-1, pp.79-94

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 10/2023

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2001302794

pISSN: 1301-5265

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Burçin Aydoğdu

Yayıncı:

Balıkesir University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hukuk Sosyolojisi

Dergi:

Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Vol.26 Issue 49-1, pp.79-94

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2023

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001302794

pISSN:

1301-5265