Reading the Change in Thought through Hadith Commentaries: The Case of Change in the Perception of Privacy

Peyman Ünügür Tekin

Makale detayları

Reading the Change in Thought through Hadith Commentaries: The Case of Change in the Perception of Privacy

Yazarlar:

Peyman Ünügür Tekin

Yayıncı:

Hitit University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hadis

Dergi:

Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 2, pp.1090-1113

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001336424

pISSN:

2757-6949

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 As a result of the centuries-long activity of commenting on the hadith and its wide geographical spread, a rich literature has emerged. As a witness to a period of almost a thousand years of Islamic history, this literature offers a rich content that allows todays researcher to make different readings. The testimony of hadith commentaries to history is twofold: On the one hand, they provide data that allow a better understanding of the period and society in which they were produced, and on the other hand, they offer insight into the transformation that has taken place in the mindset of Muslims throughout history. The fact that they shed light on the change in the world of thought is related to the fact that hadith commentaries are written on the basis of the commentaries written before them. Based on this feature of them, this study argues that the changes in thought can be identified through the hadith commentaries. To support this thesis, the concept traced through these works is privacy. The aim of this article is to identify the change in Muslim perceptions of privacy through the sharhs of a certain narration. There is an increasing number of studies based on the idea that hadith sharhs are rich sources of historical data. In essence, these studies seek to identify in the commentaries the reflection of the events that took place in the periods in which the book was written. In this way it is possible both to look at history from a new perspective and to understand the extent to which this literature was influenced by developments. The focus of this article is to determine the change in thought through the commentaries. This is because these books are sources that both assimilate and reflect the change in thought and carry this change into subsequent periods. In this article, the hadith of Abdullah b. Umar d. 73693, in which it is narrated that foreign men and women performed ablution together in the time of the Prophet, is taken as the centrepiece in an attempt to reveal the transformation of thought through the perception of privacy. In the next stage, hadith sources that included the narration were found takhrīj al-hadith, the related narrations were identified, and it was determined under which chapter heading the narrations was were included in the hadith works. Without going into how the narration was treated in the hadith commentaries, it was revealed how it was understood by the schools of fiqh and what kind of judgements were based on it. This is related to the fact that the sectarian affiliation of the commentators has an effect on the interpretation of the narrations. Subsequently, the adventure of the narrations in the commentaries is analysed through the jurisprudential commentaries written in the 4th -6th Hijrī centuries and the rich commentaries of the so-called classical period 7th -10th Hijrī centuries. While the change in the understanding of narration is revealed through the commentaries, an attempt is also made to shed light on the historical and intellectual background of this change. One of the main findings of the study is that the emphasis on privacy in the interpretation of the hadith has increased significantly since the 7th century Hijrī. In the jurisprudential commentaries written between the 4th and 6th centuries Hijrī, the narration is discussed in the context of ablution ghusl with the water used by women. With the 7th century scholar al-Nawawī d. 6761277, there is a break in the commentary of the narrations - including the one we have analysed - concerning the ablution of men and women together from the same vessel: Al-Nawawī relates these narrations to the pre-hijab period. The commentator who developed and popularised this interpretation was Ibn Hajar al-Asqalānī d. 8521449. Until the 9th century Hijrī, when Ibn Hajar lived, the Hanafi commentators in particular did not see any problem in the content of the narrative in terms of privacy, while most of the Mālikī and Shāfiī commentators did not directly relate the narrative to privacy, although there was a concern for it in their works. After the 9th century, hadith commentators, regardless of their sect, associated the relevant hadiths with privacy, and most of them adopted the interpretation of the pre-hijāb with reference to Ibn Hajar. We believe that the emphasis on privacy from al-Nawawīs commentary on the hadith is closely related to the visibility of women in society during the Mamlūk period. This visibility, to which the people of the region were not previously accustomed, was strange and appeared in the works of the period, including the hadith commentaries, as an increased emphasis on privacy.

 Yüzyıllara ve geniş bir coğrafyaya yayılan hadis şerh faaliyetleri sonucu zengin bir literatür teşekkül etmiştir. İslam tarihinin yaklaşık bin yıllık dönemine şahitlik etmesi bakımından bu literatür, günümüz araştırmacısının çeşitli okumalar yapmasına imkân tanıyan zengin bir muhteva sunar. Hadis şerhlerinin tarihe tanıklığı iki yönlüdür: Onlar bir yandan içinde vücuda geldikleri dönem ve toplumu daha iyi anlamayı sağlayacak veriler sunarken bir yandan da tarih boyunca Müslümanların düşünce dünyasında meydana gelen dönüşüme dair fikir verirler. Düşünce dünyasındaki dönüşüme ışık tutmaları, hadis şerhlerinin kendilerinden önce yazılan şerhleri esas alarak, telifiyle alakalıdır. Şerhlerin söz konusu özelliğine dayanarak bu çalışmada, düşüncede meydana gelen dönüşümlerin hadis şerhleri üzerinden tespit edilebileceği savunulur. Bu tezin desteklenebilmesi için hadis şerhleri üzerinden izi sürülen kavram mahremiyettir. Makalede Müslümanların mahremiyet algısındaki dönüşümün, merkeze alınan bir rivayetin şerhleri üzerinden tespit edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Hadis şerhlerinin, tarihî verilerin elde edilebileceği zengin kaynaklar olduğu düşüncesinden hareket eden çalışmaların sayısı artmaktadır. Bu çalışmalarda temelde şerhin yazıldığı dönemdönemlerde meydana gelen hadiselerin şerhlerdeki yansımaları tespit edilmeye çalışılır. Böylelikle hem tarihe yeni bir pencereden bakma hem de şerhlerin yaşanan gelişmelerden ne ölçüde etkilendiğini anlama imkânı doğar. Bu makalede merkeze alınan ise düşüncedeki dönüşümün şerhler üzerinden tespitidir. Zira hadis şerhleri hem düşüncede meydana gelen değişimi özümseyen ve yansıtan hem de bu değişimi sonraki dönemlere taşıyan kaynaklardır. Makalede düşüncedeki dönüşüm mahremiyet algısı üzerinden ortaya konmaya çalışılırken işe konuya uygun bir rivayetin seçimiyle başlanmış, yabancı kadın ve erkeklerin Hz. Peygamber zamanında abdest alırken bir arada bulunduğunun hikaye edildiği Abdullah b. Ömer ö. 73693 rivayetinde karar kılınmıştır. Sonraki aşamada rivayet tahrîc edilerek, onunla ilişkilendirilen rivayetler belirlenmiş ve hadis eserlerinde bunlara hangi bab başlığı altında yer verildiği tespit edilmiştir. Rivayetin hadis şerhlerinde nasıl ele alındığına geçmeden fıkıh ekollerince nasıl anlaşıldığı ve ne gibi hükümlere dayanak gösterildiği ortaya konmuştur. Bunun belirlenmesi, şarihlerin mezhebî aidiyetinin rivayetleri yorumlamada etkili olmasıyla alakalıdır. Arından rivayetlerin şerhlerdeki serüveni, 4-6. hicri asırlarda telif edilen fıkhi ağırlıklı şerhler ve klasik olarak adlandırılan dönemin 7-10. hicri asırlar zengin içerikli şerhleri üzerinden incelenmiştir. Rivayetin anlaşılmasındaki değişim şerhlerden hareketle ortaya konarken bir yandan da bu değişimin tarihî ve düşünsel arka planına ışık tutulmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın temel bulgularından biri, hicri 7. asırdan itibaren hadisin yorumlarındaki mahremiyet vurgusunun belirgin bir şekilde artmasıdır. Hicri 4-6. asırlar arasında telif edilen fıkhi ağırlıklı şerhlerde rivayet, kadının kullandığı suyla abdestgusül bağlamında ele alınır. Hicri 7. asır alimi Nevevî ö. 6761277 ile birlikte -aralarında incelediğimiz rivayetin de bulunduğu- kadınlar ve erkeklerin birlikte aynı kaptan abdestine dair rivayetlerin şerhinde önceki dönemlerde olmayan bir kırılma yaşanır: Nevevî söz konusu rivayetleri hicap emri öncesine hamleder. Bu yorumu geliştiren ve meşhur eden şarih ise İbn Hacer el-Askalânîdir ö. 8521449. İbn Hacerin yaşadığı hicri 9. asra kadar, bilhassa Hanefi şarihleri rivayetin içeriğinde mahremiyet açısından bir problem görmezken, çoğu Mâlikî ve Şâfiî şarihin eserinde yer yer buna dair bir hassasiyet hissedilse de rivayet doğrudan mahremiyetle ilişkilendirilmez. 9. asırdan sonra ise mezhebi fark etmeksizin hadis şarihleri ilgili rivayetleri mahremiyetle ilişkilendirmiş, çoğu İbn Hacere atıfla hicap emri öncesine dair yorumu benimsemiştir. Kanaatimizce rivayetlerin şerhinde Nevevî ile mahremiyet vurgusunun belirginleşmesi, Memlükler döneminde kadınların toplum içindeki görünürlüklerinin artmasıyla yakından alakalıdır. Bölge halkının önceden alışkın olmadığı bu görünürlük yadırganmış, aralarında hadis şerhlerinin de bulunduğu dönemin eserlerine mahremiyete yönelik vurgunun artması şeklinde yansımıştır.

 As a result of the centuries-long activity of commenting on the hadith and its wide geographical spread, a rich literature has emerged. As a witness to a period of almost a thousand years of Islamic history, this literature offers a rich content that allows todays researcher to make different readings. The testimony of hadith commentaries to history is twofold: On the one hand, they provide data that allow a better understanding of the period and society in which they were produced, and on the other hand, they offer insight into the transformation that has taken place in the mindset of Muslims throughout history. The fact that they shed light on the change in the world of thought is related to the fact that hadith commentaries are written on the basis of the commentaries written before them. Based on this feature of them, this study argues that the changes in thought can be identified through the hadith commentaries. To support this thesis, the concept traced through these works is privacy. The aim of this article is to identify the change in Muslim perceptions of privacy through the sharhs of a certain narration. There is an increasing number of studies based on the idea that hadith sharhs are rich sources of historical data. In essence, these studies seek to identify in the commentaries the reflection of the events that took place in the periods in which the book was written. In this way it is possible both to look at history from a new perspective and to understand the extent to which this literature was influenced by developments. The focus of this article is to determine the change in thought through the commentaries. This is because these books are sources that both assimilate and reflect the change in thought and carry this change into subsequent periods. In this article, the hadith of Abdullah b. Umar d. 73693, in which it is narrated that foreign men and women performed ablution together in the time of the Prophet, is taken as the centrepiece in an attempt to reveal the transformation of thought through the perception of privacy. In the next stage, hadith sources that included the narration were found takhrīj al-hadith, the related narrations were identified, and it was determined under which chapter heading the narrations was were included in the hadith works. Without going into how the narration was treated in the hadith commentaries, it was revealed how it was understood by the schools of fiqh and what kind of judgements were based on it. This is related to the fact that the sectarian affiliation of the commentators has an effect on the interpretation of the narrations. Subsequently, the adventure of the narrations in the commentaries is analysed through the jurisprudential commentaries written in the 4th -6th Hijrī centuries and the rich commentaries of the so-called classical period 7th -10th Hijrī centuries. While the change in the understanding of narration is revealed through the commentaries, an attempt is also made to shed light on the historical and intellectual background of this change. One of the main findings of the study is that the emphasis on privacy in the interpretation of the hadith has increased significantly since the 7th century Hijrī. In the jurisprudential commentaries written between the 4th and 6th centuries Hijrī, the narration is discussed in the context of ablution ghusl with the water used by women. With the 7th century scholar al-Nawawī d. 6761277, there is a break in the commentary of the narrations - including the one we have analysed - concerning the ablution of men and women together from the same vessel: Al-Nawawī relates these narrations to the pre-hijab period. The commentator who developed and popularised this interpretation was Ibn Hajar al-Asqalānī d. 8521449. Until the 9th century Hijrī, when Ibn Hajar lived, the Hanafi commentators in particular did not see any problem in the content of the narrative in terms of privacy, while most of the Mālikī and Shāfiī commentators did not directly relate the narrative to privacy, although there was a concern for it in their works. After the 9th century, hadith commentators, regardless of their sect, associated the relevant hadiths with privacy, and most of them adopted the interpretation of the pre-hijāb with reference to Ibn Hajar. We believe that the emphasis on privacy from al-Nawawīs commentary on the hadith is closely related to the visibility of women in society during the Mamlūk period. This visibility, to which the people of the region were not previously accustomed, was strange and appeared in the works of the period, including the hadith commentaries, as an increased emphasis on privacy.

 As a result of the centuries-long activity of commenting on the hadith and its wide geographical spread, a rich literature has emerged. As a witness to a period of almost a thousand years of Islamic history, this literature offers a rich content that allows todays researcher to make different readings. The testimony of hadith commentaries to history is twofold: On the one hand, they provide data that allow a better understanding of the period and society in which they were produced, and on the other hand, they offer insight into the transformation that has taken place in the mindset of Muslims throughout history. The fact that they shed light on the change in the world of thought is related to the fact that hadith commentaries are written on the basis of the commentaries written before them. Based on this feature of them, this study argues that the changes in thought can be identified through the hadith commentaries. To support this thesis, the concept traced through these works is privacy. The aim of this article is to identify the change in Muslim perceptions of privacy through the sharhs of a certain narration. There is an increasing number of studies based on the idea that hadith sharhs are rich sources of historical data. In essence, these studies seek to identify in the commentaries the reflection of the events that took place in the periods in which the book was written. In this way it is possible both to look at history from a new perspective and to understand the extent to which this literature was influenced by developments. The focus of this article is to determine the change in thought through the commentaries. This is because these books are sources that both assimilate and reflect the change in thought and carry this change into subsequent periods. In this article, the hadith of Abdullah b. Umar d. 73693, in which it is narrated that foreign men and women performed ablution together in the time of the Prophet, is taken as the centrepiece in an attempt to reveal the transformation of thought through the perception of privacy. In the next stage, hadith sources that included the narration were found takhrīj al-hadith, the related narrations were identified, and it was determined under which chapter heading the narrations was were included in the hadith works. Without going into how the narration was treated in the hadith commentaries, it was revealed how it was understood by the schools of fiqh and what kind of judgements were based on it. This is related to the fact that the sectarian affiliation of the commentators has an effect on the interpretation of the narrations. Subsequently, the adventure of the narrations in the commentaries is analysed through the jurisprudential commentaries written in the 4th -6th Hijrī centuries and the rich commentaries of the so-called classical period 7th -10th Hijrī centuries. While the change in the understanding of narration is revealed through the commentaries, an attempt is also made to shed light on the historical and intellectual background of this change. One of the main findings of the study is that the emphasis on privacy in the interpretation of the hadith has increased significantly since the 7th century Hijrī. In the jurisprudential commentaries written between the 4th and 6th centuries Hijrī, the narration is discussed in the context of ablution ghusl with the water used by women. With the 7th century scholar al-Nawawī d. 6761277, there is a break in the commentary of the narrations - including the one we have analysed - concerning the ablution of men and women together from the same vessel: Al-Nawawī relates these narrations to the pre-hijab period. The commentator who developed and popularised this interpretation was Ibn Hajar al-Asqalānī d. 8521449. Until the 9th century Hijrī, when Ibn Hajar lived, the Hanafi commentators in particular did not see any problem in the content of the narrative in terms of privacy, while most of the Mālikī and Shāfiī commentators did not directly relate the narrative to privacy, although there was a concern for it in their works. After the 9th century, hadith commentators, regardless of their sect, associated the relevant hadiths with privacy, and most of them adopted the interpretation of the pre-hijāb with reference to Ibn Hajar. We believe that the emphasis on privacy from al-Nawawīs commentary on the hadith is closely related to the visibility of women in society during the Mamlūk period. This visibility, to which the people of the region were not previously accustomed, was strange and appeared in the works of the period, including the hadith commentaries, as an increased emphasis on privacy.

Makale detayları

Reading the Change in Thought through Hadith Commentaries: The Case of Change in the Perception of Privacy

Yazarlar:

Peyman Ünügür Tekin

Yayıncı:

Hitit University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hadis

Dergi:

Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 2, pp.1090-1113

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001336424

pISSN:

2757-6949

Hadith

Hadith Commentaries

Nawawī

Ibn Hajar

Intellectual History

Privacy

Ikhtilāṭ.Hadis

Hadis Şerhleri

Nevevî

İbn Hacer

Düşünce Tarihi

Mahremiyet

İhtilât.

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Peyman Ünügür Tekin

Yayıncı: Hitit University

Ana Başlıklar: Hadis

Dergi: Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 2, pp.1090-1113

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001336424

pISSN: 2757-6949

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Peyman Ünügür Tekin

Yayıncı:

Hitit University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hadis

Dergi:

Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 2, pp.1090-1113

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001336424

pISSN:

2757-6949