Poverty and Poverty Studies in Kyrgyz Republic

Ali Ünal

Makale detayları

Poverty and Poverty Studies in Kyrgyz Republic

Yazarlar:

Ali Ünal

Yayıncı:

Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sosyoloji

Dergi:

Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.6 Issue 1, pp.81-108

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001294614

pISSN:

2667-4424

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The concept of poverty has come to the forefront, with the social, cultural, and economic changes that started in the 1980s. Poverty has begun to be studied in more detail by national governments, various international organizations World Bank, United Nations, etc., and some non-governmental organizations. In particular, it has a strong position in poverty with the poverty studies carried out by the World Bank and the definitions it has brought to poverty. Like the World Bank, the United Nations Development Program UNDP has been closely interested in the problem of poverty with its studies and reports since 1990. It has made serious efforts to reduce poverty through cooperation with some national governments in the fight against poverty. Although poverty studies, which started to find more place in the academic literature in the 1990s, were available in Kyrgyzstan during the Soviet period, they began to be carried out systematically in 1996, after gaining independence. As a reflection of the social, political, economic, and cultural changes that took place in the country with the collapse of the Soviet Union, Kyrgyzstan is among the countries that have felt the poverty phenomenon quite severely, since becoming independent. Poverty analysis methods in Kyrgyzstan generally include monetary indicators Monetary income and expenditures of households, subsistence minimum, poverty level of the population, etc., and non-monetary indicators health and nutrition, child poverty and nutrition, education poverty, etc., multidimensional poverty index monetary poverty, education, food security, living conditions, health. Since 2004, household expenditures personal consumption level have been used as the official method of measuring poverty. According to 2021 data, the average monthly income per capita in the country is 6 647.8 soms 79.1. The World Banks adjustment of the international poverty line minimum consumption level in 2018 was calculated as 3.2 per day. With this classification, it is seen that Kyrgyzstan lives under the international poverty line. According to the data for 2021, 2 244 310 individuals in the country are poor, and 407 118 individuals are extremely poor 6.0. The nationwide poverty rate is 33.3. Excluding the money transfers of migrant workers, it is stated that the poverty level in the country will increase from 33.3 to 42.8 on average. The daily calorie value is 2240.2. Although the poverty gap between the regions is high, this rate rises to 35.8 in Bishkek, the capital of the country. In addition to urban poverty, child poverty has also increased recently. The article discusses the general course of the studies and researches carried out within the framework of the concept of poverty and the 30-year social processes that Kyrgyzstan has gone through since independence within the framework of poverty studies, while the poverty levels in Kyrgyzstan poverty level, gender and child poverty, rural and village poverty, calorie and product consumption are evaluated in the light of statistical data. As a result, it can be mentioned that the social events, political instability and economic depressions that Kyrgyzstan experienced on the basis of the poverty spiral after independence.

 The concept of poverty has come to the forefront, with the social, cultural, and economic changes that started in the 1980s. Poverty has begun to be studied in more detail by national governments, various international organizations World Bank, United Nations, etc., and some non-governmental organizations. In particular, it has a strong position in poverty with the poverty studies carried out by the World Bank and the definitions it has brought to poverty. Like the World Bank, the United Nations Development Program UNDP has been closely interested in the problem of poverty with its studies and reports since 1990. It has made serious efforts to reduce poverty through cooperation with some national governments in the fight against poverty. Although poverty studies, which started to find more place in the academic literature in the 1990s, were available in Kyrgyzstan during the Soviet period, they began to be carried out systematically in 1996, after gaining independence. As a reflection of the social, political, economic, and cultural changes that took place in the country with the collapse of the Soviet Union, Kyrgyzstan is among the countries that have felt the poverty phenomenon quite severely, since becoming independent. Poverty analysis methods in Kyrgyzstan generally include monetary indicators Monetary income and expenditures of households, subsistence minimum, poverty level of the population, etc., and non-monetary indicators health and nutrition, child poverty and nutrition, education poverty, etc., multidimensional poverty index monetary poverty, education, food security, living conditions, health. Since 2004, household expenditures personal consumption level have been used as the official method of measuring poverty. According to 2021 data, the average monthly income per capita in the country is 6 647.8 soms 79.1. The World Banks adjustment of the international poverty line minimum consumption level in 2018 was calculated as 3.2 per day. With this classification, it is seen that Kyrgyzstan lives under the international poverty line. According to the data for 2021, 2 244 310 individuals in the country are poor, and 407 118 individuals are extremely poor 6.0. The nationwide poverty rate is 33.3. Excluding the money transfers of migrant workers, it is stated that the poverty level in the country will increase from 33.3 to 42.8 on average. The daily calorie value is 2240.2. Although the poverty gap between the regions is high, this rate rises to 35.8 in Bishkek, the capital of the country. In addition to urban poverty, child poverty has also increased recently. The article discusses the general course of the studies and researches carried out within the framework of the concept of poverty and the 30-year social processes that Kyrgyzstan has gone through since independence within the framework of poverty studies, while the poverty levels in Kyrgyzstan poverty level, gender and child poverty, rural and village poverty, calorie and product consumption are evaluated in the light of statistical data. As a result, it can be mentioned that the social events, political instability and economic depressions that Kyrgyzstan experienced on the basis of the poverty spiral after independence.

 The concept of poverty has come to the forefront, with the social, cultural, and economic changes that started in the 1980s. Poverty has begun to be studied in more detail by national governments, various international organizations World Bank, United Nations, etc., and some non-governmental organizations. In particular, it has a strong position in poverty with the poverty studies carried out by the World Bank and the definitions it has brought to poverty. Like the World Bank, the United Nations Development Program UNDP has been closely interested in the problem of poverty with its studies and reports since 1990. It has made serious efforts to reduce poverty through cooperation with some national governments in the fight against poverty. Although poverty studies, which started to find more place in the academic literature in the 1990s, were available in Kyrgyzstan during the Soviet period, they began to be carried out systematically in 1996, after gaining independence. As a reflection of the social, political, economic, and cultural changes that took place in the country with the collapse of the Soviet Union, Kyrgyzstan is among the countries that have felt the poverty phenomenon quite severely, since becoming independent. Poverty analysis methods in Kyrgyzstan generally include monetary indicators Monetary income and expenditures of households, subsistence minimum, poverty level of the population, etc., and non-monetary indicators health and nutrition, child poverty and nutrition, education poverty, etc., multidimensional poverty index monetary poverty, education, food security, living conditions, health. Since 2004, household expenditures personal consumption level have been used as the official method of measuring poverty. According to 2021 data, the average monthly income per capita in the country is 6 647.8 soms 79.1. The World Banks adjustment of the international poverty line minimum consumption level in 2018 was calculated as 3.2 per day. With this classification, it is seen that Kyrgyzstan lives under the international poverty line. According to the data for 2021, 2 244 310 individuals in the country are poor, and 407 118 individuals are extremely poor 6.0. The nationwide poverty rate is 33.3. Excluding the money transfers of migrant workers, it is stated that the poverty level in the country will increase from 33.3 to 42.8 on average. The daily calorie value is 2240.2. Although the poverty gap between the regions is high, this rate rises to 35.8 in Bishkek, the capital of the country. In addition to urban poverty, child poverty has also increased recently. The article discusses the general course of the studies and researches carried out within the framework of the concept of poverty and the 30-year social processes that Kyrgyzstan has gone through since independence within the framework of poverty studies, while the poverty levels in Kyrgyzstan poverty level, gender and child poverty, rural and village poverty, calorie and product consumption are evaluated in the light of statistical data. As a result, it can be mentioned that the social events, political instability and economic depressions that Kyrgyzstan experienced on the basis of the poverty spiral after independence.

 1980lerde sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik değişimlerle birlikte ön plana çıkmaya başlayan yoksulluk olgusu ulusal hükümetler, çeşitli uluslararası kuruluşlar Dünya Bankası, Birleşmiş Milletler vb. ve bazı sivil toplum kuruluşları tarafından daha detaylı bir şekilde araştırılmaya başlanmıştır. Özellikle Dünya Bankası, yaptığı yoksulluk çalışmaları ve yoksulluğa getirdiği tanımlarla belirleyici bir konuma sahip olmuştur. Dünya Bankası gibi Birleşmiş Milletler Kalkınma Programı UNDP da 1990dan itibaren yaptığı çalışmalar ve yayınladığı raporlarla yoksulluk konusuyla yakından ilgilenmiş ve yoksullukla mücadelede bazı ulusal hükümetlerle işbirliği yaparak yoksulluğun azaltılması için ciddi çabalar sarf etmiştir. 1990lı yıllarda akademik literatürde daha fazla yer bulmaya başlayan yoksulluk çalışmaları Kırgızistanda Sovyetler Birliği döneminde mevcut olsa da sistematik olarak bağımsızlık sonrası 1996lı yıllardan başlayarak yürütülmeye başlanmıştır. Sovyetler Birliği sonrası ülkede meydana gelen sosyal, siyasi, ekonomik ve kültürel değişimlerin bir yansıması olarak Kırgızistan, bağımsızlıktan bu yana yoksulluk olgusunu iyiden iyeye hisseden ülkeler arasında yer almaktadır. Kırgızistanda yoksulluk analizi yöntemleri genel olarak parasal göstergeler hanelerin parasal gelirleri ve gideri, asgari geçim, halkın yoksulluk düzeyi vs., parasal olmayan göstergeler sağlık ve beslenme, çocuk yoksulluğu ve beslenmesi, eğitim yoksulluğu vs. dahilinde Kırgız Cumhuriyeti ulusal çok boyutlu yoksulluk endeksi kapsamında parasal yoksulluk, eğitim, gıda güvenliği, yaşam koşulları, sağlık değerlendirilmektedir. 2004 yılından bu yana yoksulluğun ölçümünün resmî yöntemi olarak hanelerin tüketim harcamaları esas alınmaktadır. 2021 verilerine göre ülkede kişi başına aylık ortalama gelir 6 647,8 somdur 79,1. Dünya Bankasının 2018 yılındaki uluslararası yoksulluk sınırını günlük 3,2 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu sınıflandırma hâliyle Kırgızistanın uluslararası yoksulluk sınırı altında yaşadığını göstermektedir. 2021 yılı verilerine göre ülkede 2 244 310 kişi yoksul, 407 118 kişi aşırı yoksul 6,0 kategorisindedir. Ülke geneli yoksulluk oranı 33,3 seviyesindedir. Göçmen işçilerin döviz transferleri hariç tutulduğunda, ülkedeki yoksulluk seviyesinin ortalama 33,3ten 42,8e çıkacağı belirtilmektedir. Günlük kilo kalori değeri 2240,2dir. Bölgeler arası yoksulluk farkı fazla olmakla birlikte ülkenin başkenti Bişkekte bu oran 35,8lere kadar yükselmektedir. Son zamanlarda kent yoksulluğu yanı sıra çocuk yoksulluğu da belirgin olarak kendini göstermektedir. Bahsi geçen makalede, yoksulluk kavramı çerçevesinde yapılan çalışma ve araştırmaların genel seyri çizilerek bağımsızlıktan bu yana Kırgızistanın geçirmiş olduğu otuz yıllık toplumsal süreçler yoksulluk çalışmaları kapsamında ele alınırken Kırgızistandaki yoksulluk hâlleri yoksulluk düzeyi, cinsiyet ve çocuk yoksulluğu, kırsal ve köy yoksulluğu, kilo kalori ve ürün tüketimi vs. istatiksel verilerin ışığında değerlendirilmektedir. Sonuç olarak bağımsızlık sonrası Kırgızistanın içinde bulunduğu yoksulluk sarmalının temelinde yaşadığı toplumsal olaylar, siyasi istikrarsızlık ve ekonomik buhranların etkisinden bahsedilebilir.

Makale detayları

Poverty and Poverty Studies in Kyrgyz Republic

Yazarlar:

Ali Ünal

Yayıncı:

Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sosyoloji

Dergi:

Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.6 Issue 1, pp.81-108

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001294614

pISSN:

2667-4424

Kyrgyzstan

Poverty studies

Poverty line

Poverty level

Types of povertyKırgızistan

Yoksulluk çalışmaları

Yoksulluk sınırı

Yoksulluk düzeyi

Yoksulluk çeşitleri

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Ali Ünal

Yayıncı: Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University

Ana Başlıklar: Sosyoloji

Dergi: Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.6 Issue 1, pp.81-108

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001294614

pISSN: 2667-4424

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Ali Ünal

Yayıncı:

Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sosyoloji

Dergi:

Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.6 Issue 1, pp.81-108

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001294614

pISSN:

2667-4424