A Hundred Years’ Story of Open and Distance Education in Turkish Higher Education

Kamil Çekerol

Makale detayları

A Hundred Years’ Story of Open and Distance Education in Turkish Higher Education

Yazarlar:

Kamil Çekerol

Yayıncı:

Anadolu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Bilgi İşlem Eğitimi

Dergi:

Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.23 Issue Özel Sayı, pp.29-58

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001302119

pISSN:

2667-8683

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The history of open and distance education in Türkiye dates back to the foundation of Turkish Republic. Discussed only at conceptual level in the early years of the republic, open and distance education later became an issue focused on in educational policies and innovative projects until 1950s. The first practices were initiated within the scope of some special projects adopting the correspondence learning method, which were followed by several implementations supervised by Ministry of National Education. What considerably promoted the development of distance education in Türkiye were the enactment of Higher Education Law in 1981, the country-wide practices initiated by Anadolu University Open Education Faculty and some similar projects undertaken by other universities in the country. As of 2000s, Turkish universities started to offer distance diploma programs, and 2010s witnessed the implementation of distance education practices in all the universities in the country following the enactment of the regulations regarding these practices by the government. This study aims to present the development of distance education in Turkish higher education system according to a periodic classification and evaluate the current practices in its 100th anniversary by analyzing the related data. To achieve this purpose, the study adopted a multiple approach involving the systematic review approach and documentary analysis method. The findings of the study suggest that the development of distance education in Turkish higher education system can be explained under four successive periods: Conceptualization of Distance Education, Teaching through Letters, Centralized Open Education and the Spread of Distance Education.

 The history of open and distance education in Türkiye dates back to the foundation of Turkish Republic. Discussed only at conceptual level in the early years of the republic, open and distance education later became an issue focused on in educational policies and innovative projects until 1950s. The first practices were initiated within the scope of some special projects adopting the correspondence learning method, which were followed by several implementations supervised by Ministry of National Education. What considerably promoted the development of distance education in Türkiye were the enactment of Higher Education Law in 1981, the country-wide practices initiated by Anadolu University Open Education Faculty and some similar projects undertaken by other universities in the country. As of 2000s, Turkish universities started to offer distance diploma programs, and 2010s witnessed the implementation of distance education practices in all the universities in the country following the enactment of the regulations regarding these practices by the government. This study aims to present the development of distance education in Turkish higher education system according to a periodic classification and evaluate the current practices in its 100th anniversary by analyzing the related data. To achieve this purpose, the study adopted a multiple approach involving the systematic review approach and documentary analysis method. The findings of the study suggest that the development of distance education in Turkish higher education system can be explained under four successive periods: Conceptualization of Distance Education, Teaching through Letters, Centralized Open Education and the Spread of Distance Education.

 The history of open and distance education in Türkiye dates back to the foundation of Turkish Republic. Discussed only at conceptual level in the early years of the republic, open and distance education later became an issue focused on in educational policies and innovative projects until 1950s. The first practices were initiated within the scope of some special projects adopting the correspondence learning method, which were followed by several implementations supervised by Ministry of National Education. What considerably promoted the development of distance education in Türkiye were the enactment of Higher Education Law in 1981, the country-wide practices initiated by Anadolu University Open Education Faculty and some similar projects undertaken by other universities in the country. As of 2000s, Turkish universities started to offer distance diploma programs, and 2010s witnessed the implementation of distance education practices in all the universities in the country following the enactment of the regulations regarding these practices by the government. This study aims to present the development of distance education in Turkish higher education system according to a periodic classification and evaluate the current practices in its 100th anniversary by analyzing the related data. To achieve this purpose, the study adopted a multiple approach involving the systematic review approach and documentary analysis method. The findings of the study suggest that the development of distance education in Turkish higher education system can be explained under four successive periods: Conceptualization of Distance Education, Teaching through Letters, Centralized Open Education and the Spread of Distance Education.

 Türkiyenin açık ve uzaktan öğretim yolculuğu Cumhuriyetin kuruluşuna kadar uzamaktadır. Cumhuriyetin kuruluşu ile kavramsal düzeyde gündeme gelen uzaktan eğitim 1950li yıllara kadar tartışmalar ve önerilere konu olmuştur. 1950li yıllarda özel projelerde yazışmalı eğitim yöntemi ile ilk uygulamalar ortaya çıkmış bunu Millî Eğitim Bakanlığının farklı düzeylerde yine yazışmalı eğitim kapsamındaki uygulamaları takip etmiştir. Uzaktan eğitim 1981 yılından itibaren Yükseköğretim Yasasının yürürlüğe girmesi ile Anadolu Üniversitesi Açıköğretim Fakültesinin yaygın uygulamaları ve diğer üniversitelerin uyguladıkları projeler ile önemli bir gelişim göstermiştir. 2000li yıllardan itibaren ise üniversitelerin uzaktan öğretim diploma programları açmaya başlaması ve 2010lu yıllarda yasal altyapının da oluşturulması ile uzaktan eğitim tüm üniversitelerde uygulama alanı bulmuş ve büyük ölçüde yaygınlaşmıştır. Bu çalışmada Türkiyede 100 yıllık süreçte uzaktan eğitimin yükseköğretimdeki gelişimi dönemsel ayrımlarla sunulmakta ve 100. yıldaki uygulamalar veriler ışığında değerlendirilmektedir. Bu amaca yönelik olarak çalışmada sistematik derleme yaklaşımı ve doküman analizi olmak üzere çoklu yöntem kullanılmıştır. Cumhuriyetin kuruluşundan günümüze kadarki dönem sistematik derleme yaklaşımı ile incelenerek, alan yazındaki bilimsel yayınlar taranmış, bulguları sentezlenerek analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca uzaktan eğitimin Türkiyede günümüzdeki durumunu açıklamak amacıyla doküman analizi gerçekleştirilmiş, bu kapsamda alan yazındaki, Yükseköğretim Kurumu ve üniversitelerin web sayfaları ve yayınlarındaki basılı ve e ektronik materyaller incelenerek elde edilen veriler yorumlanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre Türkiye yükseköğretiminde uzaktan eğitimin gelişiminin, Mektupla Öğretim, Merkezi Açıköğretim ve Uzaktan Eğitimin Yaygınlaşması Dönemleri olmak üzere üç döneme ayrılabileceği ortaya konmuştur. Her dönemin kendine özgü uygulamaları ve söz konusu gelişimi belirleyen özellikleri eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla çalışmada sunulmaktadır.

Makale detayları

A Hundred Years’ Story of Open and Distance Education in Turkish Higher Education

Yazarlar:

Kamil Çekerol

Yayıncı:

Anadolu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Bilgi İşlem Eğitimi

Dergi:

Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.23 Issue Özel Sayı, pp.29-58

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001302119

pISSN:

2667-8683

Distance Education

Open Education

Distance Teaching

Development of Distance Education

Distance Education in Türkiye

Open Education in TürkiyeUzaktan Eğitim

Açıköğretim

Uzaktan Öğretim

Uzaktan Eğitimin Gelişimi

Türkiye’de Uzaktan Eğitim

Türkiye’de Açıköğretim

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Kamil Çekerol

Yayıncı: Anadolu University

Ana Başlıklar: Bilgi İşlem Eğitimi

Dergi: Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.23 Issue Özel Sayı, pp.29-58

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 10/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001302119

pISSN: 2667-8683

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Kamil Çekerol

Yayıncı:

Anadolu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Bilgi İşlem Eğitimi

Dergi:

Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.23 Issue Özel Sayı, pp.29-58

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001302119

pISSN:

2667-8683