Does the Income Elasticity of Imports Differ According to the Technology Intensity of Goods?

Hakkı Özbaş

Makale detayları

Does the Income Elasticity of Imports Differ According to the Technology Intensity of Goods?

Yazarlar:

Hakkı Özbaş

Yayıncı:

Kütahya Dumlupinar University

Ana Başlıklar:

İthalat İhracat Yönetimi

Dergi:

Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Issue 80, pp.86-99

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

4/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001315993

pISSN:

1302-1842

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 This study aims to measure whether the income elasticities of imported goods differ according to the technology intensity of the goods. For this purpose, panel data of Turkey, Mexico, Thailand, Brazil, China, India, Russia, Indonesia, Romania, Argentina, Chile, and Czechia for the period 1998-2021 were used. By separating the imported goods according to their technology intensity, five different models have been created: imports of raw material-intensive goods, imports of labor-intensive goods, imports of capital-intensive goods, imports of research-intensive goods that can be easily imitated, and imports of research-intensive goods that are difficult to imitate. In the analysis of the study, import data were used as dependent variables, income, real exchange rate index, and population data were used as independent variables. According to the analysis results of Driscoll and Kraay 1998, it was determined that the highest coefficient of income elasticity occurred in the import of capital-intensive goods and the lowest coefficient in the import of labor-intensive goods. It has been observed that the income elasticity coefficient of imports of research-intensive goods that are difficult to imitate is higher than the income elasticity coefficient of imports of research-intensive goods that are easily imitated. According to the findings, it has been observed that the increase in income, by changing consumer tastes and preferences, increases the demand for imports of labor-intensive goods 0.83 less than the income increase rate, and increases the import demand for capital-intensive goods 1.17 more than the income increase rate. As a result of these results, it has been found that the income elasticity of imports differs according to the technology density of the goods.

 This study aims to measure whether the income elasticities of imported goods differ according to the technology intensity of the goods. For this purpose, panel data of Turkey, Mexico, Thailand, Brazil, China, India, Russia, Indonesia, Romania, Argentina, Chile, and Czechia for the period 1998-2021 were used. By separating the imported goods according to their technology intensity, five different models have been created: imports of raw material-intensive goods, imports of labor-intensive goods, imports of capital-intensive goods, imports of research-intensive goods that can be easily imitated, and imports of research-intensive goods that are difficult to imitate. In the analysis of the study, import data were used as dependent variables, income, real exchange rate index, and population data were used as independent variables. According to the analysis results of Driscoll and Kraay 1998, it was determined that the highest coefficient of income elasticity occurred in the import of capital-intensive goods and the lowest coefficient in the import of labor-intensive goods. It has been observed that the income elasticity coefficient of imports of research-intensive goods that are difficult to imitate is higher than the income elasticity coefficient of imports of research-intensive goods that are easily imitated. According to the findings, it has been observed that the increase in income, by changing consumer tastes and preferences, increases the demand for imports of labor-intensive goods 0.83 less than the income increase rate, and increases the import demand for capital-intensive goods 1.17 more than the income increase rate. As a result of these results, it has been found that the income elasticity of imports differs according to the technology density of the goods.

 This study aims to measure whether the income elasticities of imported goods differ according to the technology intensity of the goods. For this purpose, panel data of Turkey, Mexico, Thailand, Brazil, China, India, Russia, Indonesia, Romania, Argentina, Chile, and Czechia for the period 1998-2021 were used. By separating the imported goods according to their technology intensity, five different models have been created: imports of raw material-intensive goods, imports of labor-intensive goods, imports of capital-intensive goods, imports of research-intensive goods that can be easily imitated, and imports of research-intensive goods that are difficult to imitate. In the analysis of the study, import data were used as dependent variables, income, real exchange rate index, and population data were used as independent variables. According to the analysis results of Driscoll and Kraay 1998, it was determined that the highest coefficient of income elasticity occurred in the import of capital-intensive goods and the lowest coefficient in the import of labor-intensive goods. It has been observed that the income elasticity coefficient of imports of research-intensive goods that are difficult to imitate is higher than the income elasticity coefficient of imports of research-intensive goods that are easily imitated. According to the findings, it has been observed that the increase in income, by changing consumer tastes and preferences, increases the demand for imports of labor-intensive goods 0.83 less than the income increase rate, and increases the import demand for capital-intensive goods 1.17 more than the income increase rate. As a result of these results, it has been found that the income elasticity of imports differs according to the technology density of the goods.

 Bu çalışmanın amacı ithalatı yapılan malların gelir esnekliklerinin malların teknoloji yoğunluklarına göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadıklarını ölçmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Türkiye, Meksika, Tayland, Brezilya, Çin, Hindistan, Rusya, Endonezya, Romanya, Arjantin, Şili ve Çekyanın 1998-2021 dönemine ait panel verileri kullanılmıştır. İthalatı yapılan malların teknoloji yoğunluklarına göre ayrılması ile hammadde yoğun mal ithalatı, emek yoğun mal ithalatı, sermaye yoğun mal ithalatı, kolay taklit edilebilen araştırma yoğun mal ithalatı ve zor taklit edilebilen araştırma yoğun mal ithalatı olmak üzere beş farklı model oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmanın analizinde ithalat verileri bağımlı değişken, gelir, reel döviz kuru endeksi ve nüfus verileri bağımsız değişkenler olarak kullanılmıştır. Yapılan Driscoll ve Kraay 1998 analiz sonuçlarına göre gelir esnekliğine ait en yüksek katsayısının sermaye yoğun mal ithalatında en düşük katsayısının ise emek yoğun mal ithalatında gerçekleştiği tespit edilmiştir. Zor taklit edilebilen araştırma yoğun mal ithalatının gelir esneklik katsayısının, kolay taklit edilebilen araştırma yoğun mal ithalatının gelir esneklik katsayısından yüksek olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre gelir artışının tüketici zevk ve tercihlerini değiştirerek emek yoğun mal ithalat talebini 0,83 gelir artış oranından daha az arttırdığı, sermaye yoğun mal ithalat talebini 1,17 gelir artış oranından daha fazla arttırdığı görülmüştür. Bu sonuçlar itibariyle ithalatın gelir esnekliğinin malların teknoloji yoğunluğuna göre farklılaştığı bulgusuna erişilmiştir.

Makale detayları

Does the Income Elasticity of Imports Differ According to the Technology Intensity of Goods?

Yazarlar:

Hakkı Özbaş

Yayıncı:

Kütahya Dumlupinar University

Ana Başlıklar:

İthalat İhracat Yönetimi

Dergi:

Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Issue 80, pp.86-99

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

4/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001315993

pISSN:

1302-1842

Import demand function

Technology intensity

Import income elasticity

Panel data analysis

Import managementİthalat talep fonksiyonu

Teknoloji yoğunluğu

İthalat gelir esnekliği

Panel veri analizi

İthalat yönetimi

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Hakkı Özbaş

Yayıncı: Kütahya Dumlupinar University

Ana Başlıklar: İthalat İhracat Yönetimi

Dergi: Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Issue 80, pp.86-99

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 4/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001315993

pISSN: 1302-1842

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Hakkı Özbaş

Yayıncı:

Kütahya Dumlupinar University

Ana Başlıklar:

İthalat İhracat Yönetimi

Dergi:

Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Issue 80, pp.86-99

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

4/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001315993

pISSN:

1302-1842