The Rulings and Evidence Regarding Aquatic Creatures According to the Hanafi and Shafi'i Schools

Muhammed Salih Şen; Abdurrahman Candan

Makale detayları

The Rulings and Evidence Regarding Aquatic Creatures According to the Hanafi and Shafi'i Schools

Yazarlar:

Muhammed Salih Şen | Abdurrahman Candan

Yayıncı:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Hukuku

Dergi:

Din ve İnsan Dergisi Vol.5 Issue 9, pp.1-25

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001350847

pISSN:

2980-1117

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In Islamic jurisprudence, the rulings concerning food hold a prominent place among significant issues. The permissibility of various foods has not been exhaustively elucidated in the primary sources; instead, only general principles have been articulated. Scholars have endeavored to ascertain the rulings on food within the framework of established methodologies and principles. However, due to divergent interpretations and varying evidences, consensus has frequently proven elusive, leading to notable disputes. Among these disputes, the rulings regarding aquatic creatures are particularly significant. Despite the fact that many of the arguments presented as evidence in both the Hanafi and Shafii schools share similarities, there exist contradictory rulings concerning aquatic creatures. According to the Hanafi school, while it is permissible to catch all aquatic creatures, only fish are deemed lawful for consumption. For fish to be considered permissible, it is necessary to establish that they did not die of natural causes but rather for a justifiable reason. The consumption of other aquatic organisms, such as shrimp, mussels, and octopus, is regarded as haram forbidden due to their impure nature. In contrast, the Shafii school posits that, provided they are not poisonous or harmful, it is permissible to consume all aquatic creatures, including fish and other sea animals, irrespective of the method by which they are obtained. This ruling also encompasses fish that have died of natural causes without any external influence. The consumption of amphibious creatures, such as sea birds, is permissible if they are slaughtered according to Islamic law. Conversely, the consumption of amphibious animals like crabs, crocodiles, frogs, and water snakes is deemed haram due to their impure nature and potential harm to the body. On the other hand, the consumption of creatures such as mussels, octopus, shrimp, lobster, and squid is declared permissible.

 In Islamic jurisprudence, the rulings concerning food hold a prominent place among significant issues. The permissibility of various foods has not been exhaustively elucidated in the primary sources; instead, only general principles have been articulated. Scholars have endeavored to ascertain the rulings on food within the framework of established methodologies and principles. However, due to divergent interpretations and varying evidences, consensus has frequently proven elusive, leading to notable disputes. Among these disputes, the rulings regarding aquatic creatures are particularly significant. Despite the fact that many of the arguments presented as evidence in both the Hanafi and Shafii schools share similarities, there exist contradictory rulings concerning aquatic creatures. According to the Hanafi school, while it is permissible to catch all aquatic creatures, only fish are deemed lawful for consumption. For fish to be considered permissible, it is necessary to establish that they did not die of natural causes but rather for a justifiable reason. The consumption of other aquatic organisms, such as shrimp, mussels, and octopus, is regarded as haram forbidden due to their impure nature. In contrast, the Shafii school posits that, provided they are not poisonous or harmful, it is permissible to consume all aquatic creatures, including fish and other sea animals, irrespective of the method by which they are obtained. This ruling also encompasses fish that have died of natural causes without any external influence. The consumption of amphibious creatures, such as sea birds, is permissible if they are slaughtered according to Islamic law. Conversely, the consumption of amphibious animals like crabs, crocodiles, frogs, and water snakes is deemed haram due to their impure nature and potential harm to the body. On the other hand, the consumption of creatures such as mussels, octopus, shrimp, lobster, and squid is declared permissible.

 In Islamic jurisprudence, the rulings concerning food hold a prominent place among significant issues. The permissibility of various foods has not been exhaustively elucidated in the primary sources; instead, only general principles have been articulated. Scholars have endeavored to ascertain the rulings on food within the framework of established methodologies and principles. However, due to divergent interpretations and varying evidences, consensus has frequently proven elusive, leading to notable disputes. Among these disputes, the rulings regarding aquatic creatures are particularly significant. Despite the fact that many of the arguments presented as evidence in both the Hanafi and Shafii schools share similarities, there exist contradictory rulings concerning aquatic creatures. According to the Hanafi school, while it is permissible to catch all aquatic creatures, only fish are deemed lawful for consumption. For fish to be considered permissible, it is necessary to establish that they did not die of natural causes but rather for a justifiable reason. The consumption of other aquatic organisms, such as shrimp, mussels, and octopus, is regarded as haram forbidden due to their impure nature. In contrast, the Shafii school posits that, provided they are not poisonous or harmful, it is permissible to consume all aquatic creatures, including fish and other sea animals, irrespective of the method by which they are obtained. This ruling also encompasses fish that have died of natural causes without any external influence. The consumption of amphibious creatures, such as sea birds, is permissible if they are slaughtered according to Islamic law. Conversely, the consumption of amphibious animals like crabs, crocodiles, frogs, and water snakes is deemed haram due to their impure nature and potential harm to the body. On the other hand, the consumption of creatures such as mussels, octopus, shrimp, lobster, and squid is declared permissible.

 Fıkıhta yiyeceklerin hükmü önemli konular içerisinde yer almaktadır. Yiyeceklerin helal olup olmadığı temel kaynaklarda tamamamıyla açıklanmamış, genel ilkeler belirtilmekle yetinilmiştir. Âlimler belli ûsul ve kaideler çerçevesinde yiyeceklerin hükmünü belirlemeye gayret etmiştir. Fakat anlayış ve delil farklılıkları gibi nedenlerden dolayı çoğu kez ittifak edilememiş, ihtilaflar ortaya çıkmıştır. Su canlılarının hükmü bu ihtilafların en önemlilerindendir. Hanefî veya Şâfiî mezhebinde delil olarak sunulan argumanların çoğunluğunun aynı olmasına karşın su canlılarının hükmü hususunda birbirinin hilafına hükümler bulunmaktadır. Hanefî mezhebine göre su canlılarının tümünün avlanılması helal olmakla beraber sadece balıkların yenilmesi helâldir. Balıkların yenilmebilmesi için kendiliğinden ölmeyip makul bir sebeple öldüğünün bilinmesi gerekmektedir. Balık dışındaki karides, midye, ahtapot gibi canlılarının yenilmesi ise habis olmaları sebebiyle haram olarak algılanmıştır. Şâfiî mezhebine göre ise zehirli ve zararlı olmamak şartıyla sadece suda yaşayabilen balık ve diğer tüm su canlıların nasıl elde edildiği önemli olmaksızın yenilmesi helaldir. Bu hükme, bir sebep olmaksızın kendiliğinden ölen balıklar da dahildir. Amfibi canlılardan deniz kuşu gibi canlıların yenilmesi, şerim kesim yapılmak suretiyle helal olmaktadır. Yengeç, timsah, kurbağa, su yılanı gibi amfibi canlıların yenilmesi, habis ve vücuda zararlı olmaları sebebiyle haram olarak kabul edilmiştir. Midye, ahtapot, karides, ıstakoz, kalamar gibi canlıların yenilmesinin ise helal olduğu ifade edilmiştir.

Makale detayları

The Rulings and Evidence Regarding Aquatic Creatures According to the Hanafi and Shafi'i Schools

Yazarlar:

Muhammed Salih Şen | Abdurrahman Candan

Yayıncı:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Hukuku

Dergi:

Din ve İnsan Dergisi Vol.5 Issue 9, pp.1-25

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001350847

pISSN:

2980-1117

Islamic law

halal

haram

fish

aguatic creatures/Water creatures

amphibianİslam Hukuku

Helal

Haram

Balık

Su Canlıları

Amfibi

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Muhammed Salih Şen | Abdurrahman Candan

Yayıncı: Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Ana Başlıklar: İslam Hukuku

Dergi: Din ve İnsan Dergisi Vol.5 Issue 9, pp.1-25

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001350847

pISSN: 2980-1117

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Muhammed Salih Şen | Abdurrahman Candan

Yayıncı:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Hukuku

Dergi:

Din ve İnsan Dergisi Vol.5 Issue 9, pp.1-25

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001350847

pISSN:

2980-1117