Calcium signaling, TRP channels and intracellular Ca2+ measurement in neurons

Mustafa NAZIROGLU

doi:https://doi.org/10.37212/jcnos.583175

Makale detayları

Calcium signaling, TRP channels and intracellular Ca2+ measurement in neurons

Yazarlar:

Mustafa NAZIROGLU

Yayıncı:

Hücresel Sinir Bilimleri ve Oksidatif Stres Derneği

Ana Başlıklar:

Hastalıklar

Dergi:

Journal of Cellular Neuroscience and Oxidative Stress 2019 Vol.11 Issue 0, pp.1-1

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2019

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2000708741

Sıklık:

Üç Yıllık

eISSN:

2149-7222

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37212/jcnos.583175

Özet:

 


Calcium ion (Ca2+)
has several physiological and pathophysiological functions such as communication,
cell death and development in neurons. Normally, Ca2+ concentration
is too high in out of the neurons (1-3 mM) as compared to the inside of the
neurons (50-100 nM). Ca2+ passes the cell membranes through passive and
active channels. Passive channels are leak channels. Well known active channels
are including several channels such as voltage gated channels, chemical
channels, store operated channels and mechanical channels (Kumar et al. 2014).  In addition, Ca2+ is released from
intracellular organelles to cytosol by activation IP3 and ryanodine
receptors. Apart from the well-known cell membrane Ca2+ channels,
transient receptor potential (TRP) channels were discovered within the last
decades. The TRP channels have 28 members within the 6 subgroups in mammalian.
Activation and inhibition mechanisms of the TRP channels are very different
from the well-known Ca2+ channels. For example, TRP vanilloid 1
(TRPV1) channel is activated by hot chili pepper component (capsaicin), acidic
pH, high temperature and the vanilloids (Caterina et
al. 1997).  TRP melastatin 2 (TRPM2)
channel is activated by ADP-Ribose and NAD+. TRPM2 and TRPV1
channels are also activated by oxidative stress (Nazıroğlu and Braidy,
2017). In several neuronal diseases such as epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease,
intracellular free Ca2+ concentration is increased by the oxidative
stress. Hence, measurement of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration
is very important for discovering new calcium channel blocker drugs. In the cytosol
of neurons, intracellular free Ca2+ concentration was measured by
using Ca2+ indicators.      

There are two
main classes of calcium indicators namely chemical indicators and genetically
encoded calcium indicators. Chemical indicators of free intracellular Ca2+
are Fura-2, Fluo-3, Fluo-4 and Rhod2. These dyes are often used with
acetoxymethyl esters, in order to render the molecule lyphophlilic and to allow
easy entrance into the cell. Genetically encoded indicators do not need to be
loaded into cells, instead the genes encoding for these proteins can be easily
transfected to cells. These indicators are fluorescent proteins derived from
green fluorescent protein (GFP). In this presentation, I will summarize Ca2+
signaling and using the fluorescent dyes for Ca2+ imaging.






In conclusion,
intracellular free Ca2+ concentration can be measured by using the
indicators. In the measurement techniques, laser confocal microscopy seems best
technique.

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Makale detayları

Calcium signaling, TRP channels and intracellular Ca2+ measurement in neurons

Yazarlar: Mustafa NAZIROGLU

Yayıncı: Hücresel Sinir Bilimleri ve Oksidatif Stres Derneği

Ana Başlıklar: Hastalıklar

Dergi: Journal of Cellular Neuroscience and Oxidative Stress 2019 Vol.11 Issue 0, pp.1-1

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2019

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2000708741

Sıklık: Üç Yıllık

eISSN: 2149-7222

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37212/jcnos.583175

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Mustafa NAZIROGLU

Yayıncı:

Hücresel Sinir Bilimleri ve Oksidatif Stres Derneği

Ana Başlıklar:

Hastalıklar

Dergi:

Journal of Cellular Neuroscience and Oxidative Stress 2019 Vol.11 Issue 0, pp.1-1

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2019

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2000708741

Sıklık:

Üç Yıllık

eISSN:

2149-7222

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37212/jcnos.583175