Evaluation of Narratives Concerning the Verses Read in the Presence of Najashi in the Context of Ḳur’ān History

Hüseyin Topal

Makale detayları

Evaluation of Narratives Concerning the Verses Read in the Presence of Najashi in the Context of Ḳur’ān History

Yazarlar:

Hüseyin Topal

Yayıncı:

Hitit University

Ana Başlıklar:

Kuran-ı Kerim Okuma ve Kıraat | Tefsir

Dergi:

Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 1, pp.168-194

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001322096

pISSN:

2757-6949

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 It is stated in classical Islamic literature that Muslims, who were subjected to pressure and violence in expressing and living their beliefs in the early periods of the prophethood, migrated to Abyssinia with the permission or order of the prophet Muhammad and stayed there for a while. Following the said migration, news was reported that the Quraysh polytheists sent a delegation to Najashi Ashame d. 9630 to bring back the Muslims in Abyssinia and that the Ḳurān was read by the Muslims in his presence. The narrations contain the reasons for the emergence of the idea of migration to Abyssinia, the stages of migration, some events that took place in Abyssinia, the returns that took place from time to time, the encounters of some Meccans and Muslims in the presence of Najashi and the discussions between them, the prophet Muhammads sending of ambassador to convey various messages, Muslims return to Medina etc. News on the subject is based on more than one source, but varies in terms of content and chronology. So much so that these news, which cannot be reconciled with each other, lead researchers to different interpretations, thinking that they contain contradictions. As a matter of fact, based on these reports that the Surah Maryam was recited in the presence of Najashi, it was pointed out that it was revealed just before the migration to Abyssinia and that the surah was revealed to prepare the Muslims for this compulsory journey. Every information and news about the revelation process of the Ḳurān is of great importance in terms of Basic Islamic Sciences and especially Tafsīr and History of the Ḳurān. The scientific value of the determination or conclusion reached using these news and field-related resources is closely related to the research method used. These news about the nuzūl period are evaluated and interpreted by each discipline of Basic Islamic Sciences within the framework of their own principles. There are also field resources preferred by almost every discipline. This situation causes the inability to evaluate different news and data from different sources together in examining any subject, preventing seeing the whole picture and negatively affecting reaching comprehensive and more accurate conclusions. On the other hand, when examining any event, instead of making determinations based on a single news, it is important to consider all the news that can be accessed on the subject, together with their sources, without limiting the source, in determining historical facts. In this article, the Integrative Approach method, which is proposed as an alternative method and aims to reach objective judgments based on the connection between the elements in the narratives with the common use of classical Islamic literature, has been used. This method, which is recommended for the purpose of identifying hadiths, aims to create authentic texts about the Prophet by making use of all mental and transmitted data. This method sees resource limitation as unnecessary; it accepts all works in religious, historical, geographical and cultural fields as News sources. In addition, it aims to examine the narrations collected from these sources and their paths by associating them with similar narrations. In this context, narrations about the verses recited in the presence of Najashi were examined, and narrations compiled from sources from various fields were tried to be processed. In the study, in addition to the news and traditions related to the subject, similar narrations were also examined in relation to each other. An attempt was made to make determinations through action and time expressions and expressions about objects in the news examined. As a result of these determinations, although there are various differences in expression, it has been confirmed that the news in question are different expressions of the same event, and that the Surah Maryam was read by Caʿfar d. 8629 in the presence of Najashi in an environment where Meccans and Christian clergy were present. It was understood that this reading incident was an answer after some discussions between the parties. However, this reading was not, as is generally accepted, immediately after the migration, which took place in the Mecca period in the 5th year of the prophethood, but about 12 years after the said date, at the beginning of the 7th year of the Migration to Medina, it has been concluded that the letter sent by the prophet Muhammad to Najashi happened around the same time he received it.

 Bisetin henüz erken dönemlerinde inançlarını ifade etme ve yaşama konusunda baskı ve şiddete maruz kalan Müslümanların, Hz. Muhammedin sav izni veya emriyle Habeşistana hicret edip orada bir süre kaldıkları klasik İslamî literatürde yer almaktadır. Söz konusu hicretin akabinde Kureyş müşriklerinin, Habeşistanda bulunan Müslümanları geri getirmek üzere Necâşîye Ashame ö. 9630 bir heyet gönderdiği ve onun huzurunda Müslümanlar tarafından Kurân okunduğuna dair haberler nakledilmiştir. Haberler Habeşistana hicret düşüncesinin ortaya çıkış sebeplerini, hicret aşamalarını, Habeşistanda yaşanan bazı olayları, zaman zaman gerçekleşen geri dönüşleri, bazı Mekkelilerle Müslümanların Necâşî huzurunda karşılaşmalarını ve aralarında yaşanan tartışmaları, Hz. Muhammedin çeşitli mesajları iletmek üzere elçi göndermesini, Müslümanların Medineye geri dönüşlerini vs. içermektedir. Konuyla ilgili haberler birden fazla kaynağa dayanmakta ancak içerik ve kronoloji açısından farklılıklar barındırmaktadır. Öyle ki birbirleriyle uzlaştırılamayan bu haberler çelişki içerdikleri düşüncesiyle araştırmacıları farklı yorumlara da sevk etmektedir. Nitekim Meryem sûresinin, Necâşînin huzurunda okunduğunu içeren bu haberlere dayanılarak, Habeşistana hicretten hemen öncesinde indiğine hatta sûrenin Müslümanları bu zorunlu yolculuğa hazırlamak amacıyla nazil olduğuna işaret edilmiştir. Kurânın nüzûl sürecine dair her bilgi ve haber Temel İslam Bilimleri ve özellikle de Tefsir ve Kurân Tarihi açısından büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu haberler ve alanla ilgili kaynaklar kullanılarak ulaşılan tespit veya sonucun bilimsel değeri kullanılan araştırma metoduyla yakından ilgilidir. Nüzûl dönemine dair bu haberler Temel İslam Bilimlerinin her bir disiplini tarafından kendi esasları çerçevesinde değerlendirilip yorumlanmaktadır. Hemen her disiplinin tercih ettiği alan kaynakları da söz konusudur. Bu durum herhangi bir konuyu incelemede farklı haberlerin ve farklı kaynaklardaki verilerin bir arada değerlendirilememesine sebebiyet vererek resmin bütününü görmeye engel olmakta, kapsamlı ve doğruya daha yakın sonuçlara varmayı olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Buna karşın herhangi bir olayı incelerken tek bir habere dayalı tespitlerde bulunmak yerine konuyla ilgili ulaşılabilen tüm haberleri tarikleriyle birlikte kaynak sınırlamasına gitmeksizin ele almak tarihsel olguların tespitinde önem arz etmektedir. Bu makalede alternatif bir metot olarak önerilen ve klasik İslam literatürünün ortak kullanımıyla rivayetlerde yer alan öğeler arası irtibata dayalı nesnel yargılara varmayı amaçlayan Bütünsel Yaklaşım yönteminden faydalanılmıştır. Hadislerin tespiti amacıyla önerilen bu yöntem akli ve nakli bütün verilerden istifade ederek Hz. Peygamber hakkında aslına uygun metinler oluşturmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu yöntem, kaynak sınırlamasını gereksiz görmekte; dinî, tarihî, coğrafî ve kültürel alandaki tüm eserleri Haber kaynakları olarak kabul etmektedir. Buna ilaveten söz konusu kaynaklardan toplanan rivayetleri ve onların tariklerini benzeri rivayetlerle ilişkilendirerek tetkik etmeyi hedeflemektedir. Bu çerçevede Necâşînin huzurunda okunan ayetlere dair rivayetler tetkik edilmiş, çeşitli alanlara ait kaynaklardan derlenen rivayetler işlenebilir hale getirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada konuyla ilgili haberler ve tariklerinin yanında benzeri rivayetler de ilişkilendirilerek tetkik edilmiştir. İncelenen haberlerdeki eylem ve zaman ifadeleri ile nesnelere dair ifadeler üzerinden tespitler yapılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu tespitler neticesinde çeşitli ifade farklılıkları söz konusu olmakla beraber söz konusu haberlerin aynı olayın farklı anlatımları olduğu, Necâşînin huzurunda Mekkeliler ve Hıristiyan din adamlarının da bulunduğu bir ortamda Caʿfer b. Ebî Tâlib ö. 8629 tarafından Meryem sûresinin okunduğu teyit edilmiştir. Bu okuma olayının taraflar arasında yaşanan bazı tartışmalar sonrasında cevap niteliği taşıdığı anlaşılmıştır. Ancak bu okumanın, genel olarak kabul edildiği üzere, nübüvvetin 5. senesinde Mekke döneminde vuku bulan hicretin hemen sonrasında değil, söz konusu tarihten 12 yıl kadar sonra, Medineye hicretin 7. senesinin başlarında, Hz. Muhammed tarafından Necâşîye gönderilen mektubun kendisine ulaştığı sıralarda gerçekleştiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

 It is stated in classical Islamic literature that Muslims, who were subjected to pressure and violence in expressing and living their beliefs in the early periods of the prophethood, migrated to Abyssinia with the permission or order of the prophet Muhammad and stayed there for a while. Following the said migration, news was reported that the Quraysh polytheists sent a delegation to Najashi Ashame d. 9630 to bring back the Muslims in Abyssinia and that the Ḳurān was read by the Muslims in his presence. The narrations contain the reasons for the emergence of the idea of migration to Abyssinia, the stages of migration, some events that took place in Abyssinia, the returns that took place from time to time, the encounters of some Meccans and Muslims in the presence of Najashi and the discussions between them, the prophet Muhammads sending of ambassador to convey various messages, Muslims return to Medina etc. News on the subject is based on more than one source, but varies in terms of content and chronology. So much so that these news, which cannot be reconciled with each other, lead researchers to different interpretations, thinking that they contain contradictions. As a matter of fact, based on these reports that the Surah Maryam was recited in the presence of Najashi, it was pointed out that it was revealed just before the migration to Abyssinia and that the surah was revealed to prepare the Muslims for this compulsory journey. Every information and news about the revelation process of the Ḳurān is of great importance in terms of Basic Islamic Sciences and especially Tafsīr and History of the Ḳurān. The scientific value of the determination or conclusion reached using these news and field-related resources is closely related to the research method used. These news about the nuzūl period are evaluated and interpreted by each discipline of Basic Islamic Sciences within the framework of their own principles. There are also field resources preferred by almost every discipline. This situation causes the inability to evaluate different news and data from different sources together in examining any subject, preventing seeing the whole picture and negatively affecting reaching comprehensive and more accurate conclusions. On the other hand, when examining any event, instead of making determinations based on a single news, it is important to consider all the news that can be accessed on the subject, together with their sources, without limiting the source, in determining historical facts. In this article, the Integrative Approach method, which is proposed as an alternative method and aims to reach objective judgments based on the connection between the elements in the narratives with the common use of classical Islamic literature, has been used. This method, which is recommended for the purpose of identifying hadiths, aims to create authentic texts about the Prophet by making use of all mental and transmitted data. This method sees resource limitation as unnecessary; it accepts all works in religious, historical, geographical and cultural fields as News sources. In addition, it aims to examine the narrations collected from these sources and their paths by associating them with similar narrations. In this context, narrations about the verses recited in the presence of Najashi were examined, and narrations compiled from sources from various fields were tried to be processed. In the study, in addition to the news and traditions related to the subject, similar narrations were also examined in relation to each other. An attempt was made to make determinations through action and time expressions and expressions about objects in the news examined. As a result of these determinations, although there are various differences in expression, it has been confirmed that the news in question are different expressions of the same event, and that the Surah Maryam was read by Caʿfar d. 8629 in the presence of Najashi in an environment where Meccans and Christian clergy were present. It was understood that this reading incident was an answer after some discussions between the parties. However, this reading was not, as is generally accepted, immediately after the migration, which took place in the Mecca period in the 5th year of the prophethood, but about 12 years after the said date, at the beginning of the 7th year of the Migration to Medina, it has been concluded that the letter sent by the prophet Muhammad to Najashi happened around the same time he received it.

 It is stated in classical Islamic literature that Muslims, who were subjected to pressure and violence in expressing and living their beliefs in the early periods of the prophethood, migrated to Abyssinia with the permission or order of the prophet Muhammad and stayed there for a while. Following the said migration, news was reported that the Quraysh polytheists sent a delegation to Najashi Ashame d. 9630 to bring back the Muslims in Abyssinia and that the Ḳurān was read by the Muslims in his presence. The narrations contain the reasons for the emergence of the idea of migration to Abyssinia, the stages of migration, some events that took place in Abyssinia, the returns that took place from time to time, the encounters of some Meccans and Muslims in the presence of Najashi and the discussions between them, the prophet Muhammads sending of ambassador to convey various messages, Muslims return to Medina etc. News on the subject is based on more than one source, but varies in terms of content and chronology. So much so that these news, which cannot be reconciled with each other, lead researchers to different interpretations, thinking that they contain contradictions. As a matter of fact, based on these reports that the Surah Maryam was recited in the presence of Najashi, it was pointed out that it was revealed just before the migration to Abyssinia and that the surah was revealed to prepare the Muslims for this compulsory journey. Every information and news about the revelation process of the Ḳurān is of great importance in terms of Basic Islamic Sciences and especially Tafsīr and History of the Ḳurān. The scientific value of the determination or conclusion reached using these news and field-related resources is closely related to the research method used. These news about the nuzūl period are evaluated and interpreted by each discipline of Basic Islamic Sciences within the framework of their own principles. There are also field resources preferred by almost every discipline. This situation causes the inability to evaluate different news and data from different sources together in examining any subject, preventing seeing the whole picture and negatively affecting reaching comprehensive and more accurate conclusions. On the other hand, when examining any event, instead of making determinations based on a single news, it is important to consider all the news that can be accessed on the subject, together with their sources, without limiting the source, in determining historical facts. In this article, the Integrative Approach method, which is proposed as an alternative method and aims to reach objective judgments based on the connection between the elements in the narratives with the common use of classical Islamic literature, has been used. This method, which is recommended for the purpose of identifying hadiths, aims to create authentic texts about the Prophet by making use of all mental and transmitted data. This method sees resource limitation as unnecessary; it accepts all works in religious, historical, geographical and cultural fields as News sources. In addition, it aims to examine the narrations collected from these sources and their paths by associating them with similar narrations. In this context, narrations about the verses recited in the presence of Najashi were examined, and narrations compiled from sources from various fields were tried to be processed. In the study, in addition to the news and traditions related to the subject, similar narrations were also examined in relation to each other. An attempt was made to make determinations through action and time expressions and expressions about objects in the news examined. As a result of these determinations, although there are various differences in expression, it has been confirmed that the news in question are different expressions of the same event, and that the Surah Maryam was read by Caʿfar d. 8629 in the presence of Najashi in an environment where Meccans and Christian clergy were present. It was understood that this reading incident was an answer after some discussions between the parties. However, this reading was not, as is generally accepted, immediately after the migration, which took place in the Mecca period in the 5th year of the prophethood, but about 12 years after the said date, at the beginning of the 7th year of the Migration to Medina, it has been concluded that the letter sent by the prophet Muhammad to Najashi happened around the same time he received it.

Makale detayları

Evaluation of Narratives Concerning the Verses Read in the Presence of Najashi in the Context of Ḳur’ān History

Yazarlar:

Hüseyin Topal

Yayıncı:

Hitit University

Ana Başlıklar:

Kuran-ı Kerim Okuma ve Kıraat | Tefsir

Dergi:

Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 1, pp.168-194

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001322096

pISSN:

2757-6949

Tafsīr

History of the Ḳur’ān

Integrative Approach

Surah Maryam

Migration to Abyssinia

Najashi AshameTefsir

Kur

Bütünsel Yaklaşım

Meryem Sûresi

Habeşistan’a Hicret

Necâşî

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Hüseyin Topal

Yayıncı: Hitit University

Ana Başlıklar: Kuran-ı Kerim Okuma ve Kıraat | Tefsir

Dergi: Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 1, pp.168-194

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001322096

pISSN: 2757-6949

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Hüseyin Topal

Yayıncı:

Hitit University

Ana Başlıklar:

Kuran-ı Kerim Okuma ve Kıraat | Tefsir

Dergi:

Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 1, pp.168-194

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001322096

pISSN:

2757-6949