Population Development and Infestation Rate of Pistachio twig Borer [Kermania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidoptera: Tineidae)] in Pistachio Orchards in Middle Euphrates Valley, Türkiye

Dilek Kubat Şengel; Mehmet Mamay

Makale detayları

Population Development and Infestation Rate of Pistachio twig Borer [Kermania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidoptera: Tineidae)] in Pistachio Orchards in Middle Euphrates Valley, Türkiye

Yazarlar:

Dilek Kubat Şengel | Mehmet Mamay

Yayıncı:

Selcuk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tarımda Entomoloji

Dergi:

Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences Vol.39 Issue 2, pp.391-406

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001357012

pISSN:

2458-8377

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Pistachio is a strategic crop for Turkey, and the country ranks third in global pistachio production after Iran and the United States. Numerous pests adversely affect pistachio production, with one of the most significant being Kermania pistaciella Amsel Lepidoptera: Tineidae. This study was conducted to determine the population development of Kermania pistaciella adults and the infestation rate in shoots and fruit clusters in pistachio orchards of Innaplı, Surtepe and Keskince villages in the Middle Euphrates Valley in 2019. Three delta-type pheromone traps were installed in each orchard. Trap counts were conducted weekly. To determine the pests infestation rates in shoots and fruits clusters, 100 shoots and 100 clusters were inspected in each orchard. The results showed that the first adult flights of K. pistaciella began in the last days of March. The pest population peaked on April 20 in all three locations, with 1263, 977, and 513 adult trap-1 captured in Innaplı, Surtepe, and Keskince, respectively. After an approximately six-week flight period in nature, the last adult flight was recorded on May 11. Throughout season in Innaplı, Surtepe, and Keskince, a total of 3 306, 2 574 and 1 651 adult trap-1 were captured, respectively. The infestation rates in the terminal shoots were 16, 12, and 8 while in fruit clusters were determined as 12, 9, and 6 in Innaplı, Surtepe, and Keskince, respectively. In conclusion, K. pistaciella formed a high population in pistachio orchards of the Middle Euphrates Valley, causing infestations above the economic damage threshold. Since chemical control measures have not provided sufficient success against K. pistaciella, the pest population and damage rates can be reduced through environmentally friendly biotechnical control methods, such as mass trapping, which must be implemented by all producers.

 Pistachio is a strategic crop for Turkey, and the country ranks third in global pistachio production after Iran and the United States. Numerous pests adversely affect pistachio production, with one of the most significant being Kermania pistaciella Amsel Lepidoptera: Tineidae. This study was conducted to determine the population development of Kermania pistaciella adults and the infestation rate in shoots and fruit clusters in pistachio orchards of Innaplı, Surtepe and Keskince villages in the Middle Euphrates Valley in 2019. Three delta-type pheromone traps were installed in each orchard. Trap counts were conducted weekly. To determine the pests infestation rates in shoots and fruits clusters, 100 shoots and 100 clusters were inspected in each orchard. The results showed that the first adult flights of K. pistaciella began in the last days of March. The pest population peaked on April 20 in all three locations, with 1263, 977, and 513 adult trap-1 captured in Innaplı, Surtepe, and Keskince, respectively. After an approximately six-week flight period in nature, the last adult flight was recorded on May 11. Throughout season in Innaplı, Surtepe, and Keskince, a total of 3 306, 2 574 and 1 651 adult trap-1 were captured, respectively. The infestation rates in the terminal shoots were 16, 12, and 8 while in fruit clusters were determined as 12, 9, and 6 in Innaplı, Surtepe, and Keskince, respectively. In conclusion, K. pistaciella formed a high population in pistachio orchards of the Middle Euphrates Valley, causing infestations above the economic damage threshold. Since chemical control measures have not provided sufficient success against K. pistaciella, the pest population and damage rates can be reduced through environmentally friendly biotechnical control methods, such as mass trapping, which must be implemented by all producers.

 Pistachio is a strategic crop for Turkey, and the country ranks third in global pistachio production after Iran and the United States. Numerous pests adversely affect pistachio production, with one of the most significant being Kermania pistaciella Amsel Lepidoptera: Tineidae. This study was conducted to determine the population development of Kermania pistaciella adults and the infestation rate in shoots and fruit clusters in pistachio orchards of Innaplı, Surtepe and Keskince villages in the Middle Euphrates Valley in 2019. Three delta-type pheromone traps were installed in each orchard. Trap counts were conducted weekly. To determine the pests infestation rates in shoots and fruits clusters, 100 shoots and 100 clusters were inspected in each orchard. The results showed that the first adult flights of K. pistaciella began in the last days of March. The pest population peaked on April 20 in all three locations, with 1263, 977, and 513 adult trap-1 captured in Innaplı, Surtepe, and Keskince, respectively. After an approximately six-week flight period in nature, the last adult flight was recorded on May 11. Throughout season in Innaplı, Surtepe, and Keskince, a total of 3 306, 2 574 and 1 651 adult trap-1 were captured, respectively. The infestation rates in the terminal shoots were 16, 12, and 8 while in fruit clusters were determined as 12, 9, and 6 in Innaplı, Surtepe, and Keskince, respectively. In conclusion, K. pistaciella formed a high population in pistachio orchards of the Middle Euphrates Valley, causing infestations above the economic damage threshold. Since chemical control measures have not provided sufficient success against K. pistaciella, the pest population and damage rates can be reduced through environmentally friendly biotechnical control methods, such as mass trapping, which must be implemented by all producers.

 Antepfıstığı Türkiye için stratejik bir ürün olup dünya antepfıstığı üretiminde İran ve ABDden sonra üçüncü sırada yer almaktadır. Antepfıstığı üretimini olumsuz yönden etkileyen birçok zararlı bulunmaktadır. Bu zararlıların en önemlilerinden bir tanesi de Kermania pistaciella Amsel Lepidoptera: Tineidaedır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma 2019 yılında Orta Fırat Vadisindeki antepfıstığı bahçelerinde K. pistaciella erginlerinin popülasyon gelişimini ve sürgün ile salkımlardaki bulaşıklık oranını belirlemek için yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla Innaplı, Surtepe ve Keskince köylerinde birer antepfıstığı bahçesinde üçer adet delta tipi eşeysel çekici feromon tuzağı kurulmuştur. Tuzak sayımları haftalık olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Zararlının sürgün ve salkımlardaki bulaşıklığını belirlemek için her bahçede 100 sürgün ve 100 salkım kontrol edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, K. pistaciellanın, ilk ergin uçuşlarının mart ayının son günlerinde başladığı ve bu tarihin antepfıstığı ağaçlarında karagözler ve sürgün gözlerinin uyanmaya başladığı döneme denk geldiği belirlenmiştir. Zararlının popülasyonunun her üç lokasyonda da 20 Nisan tarihinde pik yaptığı bu tarihte Innaplı, Surtepe ve Keskince köylerinde sırasıyla 1 263, 977 ve 513 ergin tuzak-1 yakalandığı tespit edilmiştir. Doğada yaklaşık altı haftalık bir uçuş periyodunun ardından son ergin uçuşu 11 Mayıs tarihinde gerçekleşmiştir. Çalışmanın yapıldığı sezon boyunca tuzaklarda toplam olarak Innaplı da 3306 ergin tuzak-1, Surtepe de 2 574 ergin tuzak-1 ve Keskince de 1 651 ergin tuzak-1 yakalandığı tespit edilmiştir. Tespit edilen K. pistaciella popülasyon yoğunluğuna paralel olarak kör salkım oranlarının fazla olduğu, salkım tanelerinin seyrekleştiği gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışmanın yürütüldüğü Innaplı, Surtepe ve Keskince köylerindeki antepfıstığı bahçelerinde sırasıyla son yıl sürgünlerinin 16, 12 ve 8 oranında, meyve salkımlarının ise 12, 9 ve 6 oranında bulaşık olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak zararlının Orta Fırat Vadisindeki antepfıstığı bahçelerinde yüksek popülasyon oluşturduğu ve ekonomik zarar eşiğinin üzerinde bulaşıklığa sebep olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kermania pistaciella ile mücadelede kimyasal uygulamalar yeterli başarıyı getirmediğinden tüm üreticiler tarafından uygulanacak kitlesel tuzaklama yöntemi gibi doğa dostu biyoteknik mücadele teknikleriyle zararlının popülasyonu düşürülerek zarar oranı azaltılabilir.

Makale detayları

Population Development and Infestation Rate of Pistachio twig Borer [Kermania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidoptera: Tineidae)] in Pistachio Orchards in Middle Euphrates Valley, Türkiye

Yazarlar:

Dilek Kubat Şengel | Mehmet Mamay

Yayıncı:

Selcuk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tarımda Entomoloji

Dergi:

Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences Vol.39 Issue 2, pp.391-406

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001357012

pISSN:

2458-8377

harmful insect

damage

pheromone

pest management

Pistacia verazararlı böcek

zarar

feromon

zararlı yönetimi

Pistacia vera

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Dilek Kubat Şengel | Mehmet Mamay

Yayıncı: Selcuk University

Ana Başlıklar: Tarımda Entomoloji

Dergi: Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences Vol.39 Issue 2, pp.391-406

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 8/2025

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2001357012

pISSN: 2458-8377

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Dilek Kubat Şengel | Mehmet Mamay

Yayıncı:

Selcuk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tarımda Entomoloji

Dergi:

Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences Vol.39 Issue 2, pp.391-406

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001357012

pISSN:

2458-8377