The Interplay of Polysemy and Prototypes: A Prototype Theory Approach to the Turkish Polysemic –lIk Morpheme

Halil İskender

Makale detayları

The Interplay of Polysemy and Prototypes: A Prototype Theory Approach to the Turkish Polysemic –lIk Morpheme

Yazarlar:

Halil İskender

Yayıncı:

Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University

Ana Başlıklar:

Bilişsel Dilbilimi

Dergi:

Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.6 Issue Cumhuriyet’in 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı (100th Year of the Republic Special Issue), pp.56-76

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2023

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001300395

pISSN:

2667-4424

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In contrast to the classical Aristotelian view of categorization, which defines category membership based on compliance with necessary and sufficient conditions, the newly emerging Prototype Theory contends that categories are formed around prototypes, also known as best examples. A particularly relevant set of data stems from the observation that speakers do not assign an equal degree of membership to all members within a given category, a phenomenon known in the field as prototype effects. On the linguistic side of the discussion, proponents of Prototype Theory argue that the polysemy of linguistic elements, whether morphemes, words, or syntactic structures, should be analyzed in a manner analogous to categories. Just as categories have prototypical or exemplar members, polysemous linguistic objects have prototypical or exemplar interpretations, from which non-prototypical, slightly deviant interpretations are derived. This study aims to characterize the polysemous Turkish suffix lIk through a prototypical analysis, operating on the assumption that language is a dynamic and evolving entity that interacts bidirectionally with cognitive structures. It is proposed that the myriad of interpretations associated with lIk can be captured around a prototypical core meaning of property-based relation, and that other readings can be derived from this core by slight meaning alterations. I also incorporate Langackers theory, positing that non-prototypical interpretations may also act as a node from which both prototypical and non-prototypical interpretations branch. Our findings indicate that Prototype Theory offers a more fitting analytical framework for understanding lIk compared to the classical Aristotelian view, which proves less adequate for this analysis.

 In contrast to the classical Aristotelian view of categorization, which defines category membership based on compliance with necessary and sufficient conditions, the newly emerging Prototype Theory contends that categories are formed around prototypes, also known as best examples. A particularly relevant set of data stems from the observation that speakers do not assign an equal degree of membership to all members within a given category, a phenomenon known in the field as prototype effects. On the linguistic side of the discussion, proponents of Prototype Theory argue that the polysemy of linguistic elements, whether morphemes, words, or syntactic structures, should be analyzed in a manner analogous to categories. Just as categories have prototypical or exemplar members, polysemous linguistic objects have prototypical or exemplar interpretations, from which non-prototypical, slightly deviant interpretations are derived. This study aims to characterize the polysemous Turkish suffix lIk through a prototypical analysis, operating on the assumption that language is a dynamic and evolving entity that interacts bidirectionally with cognitive structures. It is proposed that the myriad of interpretations associated with lIk can be captured around a prototypical core meaning of property-based relation, and that other readings can be derived from this core by slight meaning alterations. I also incorporate Langackers theory, positing that non-prototypical interpretations may also act as a node from which both prototypical and non-prototypical interpretations branch. Our findings indicate that Prototype Theory offers a more fitting analytical framework for understanding lIk compared to the classical Aristotelian view, which proves less adequate for this analysis.

 In contrast to the classical Aristotelian view of categorization, which defines category membership based on compliance with necessary and sufficient conditions, the newly emerging Prototype Theory contends that categories are formed around prototypes, also known as best examples. A particularly relevant set of data stems from the observation that speakers do not assign an equal degree of membership to all members within a given category, a phenomenon known in the field as prototype effects. On the linguistic side of the discussion, proponents of Prototype Theory argue that the polysemy of linguistic elements, whether morphemes, words, or syntactic structures, should be analyzed in a manner analogous to categories. Just as categories have prototypical or exemplar members, polysemous linguistic objects have prototypical or exemplar interpretations, from which non-prototypical, slightly deviant interpretations are derived. This study aims to characterize the polysemous Turkish suffix lIk through a prototypical analysis, operating on the assumption that language is a dynamic and evolving entity that interacts bidirectionally with cognitive structures. It is proposed that the myriad of interpretations associated with lIk can be captured around a prototypical core meaning of property-based relation, and that other readings can be derived from this core by slight meaning alterations. I also incorporate Langackers theory, positing that non-prototypical interpretations may also act as a node from which both prototypical and non-prototypical interpretations branch. Our findings indicate that Prototype Theory offers a more fitting analytical framework for understanding lIk compared to the classical Aristotelian view, which proves less adequate for this analysis.

 Ulam üyeliğini gerekli ve yeterli şartlara sahip olma temelinde tarif eden klasik Aristotelesçi ulamlama görüşünün aksine, nispeten yeni ortaya atılmış olan Prototip Kuramı, ulamların en iyi örnekler olarak da bilinen birtakım prototipler etrafında husule geldiğini serdetmektedir. Konuya dair bir dizi muayyen veri, konuşurların belirli bir ulamdaki her üyeye eşit derecede üyelikler atamadıkları gözlemini nazarlara vermektedir. Bu, alanyazında prototip etkileri diye tabir edilen bir olgudur. Tartışmanın dil bilimi tarafında, Prototip Kuramının müdafileri ister biçimbirimler, ister kelimeler, isterse de söz dizimi yapıları olsun, her nevi dil unsurundaki çokanlamlılığın ulamlara benzer bir minvalde tahlil edilmesi gerektiğini savunmaktadır. Tıpkı ulamların prototipik yahut örnek üyelere sahip olması gibi, çokanlamlı dil unsurları da prototipik veya örnek yorumlanmalarla mücehhezdir, ki prototipik olmayan, ayrıksı manalar bu prototipik yorumlamalardan türetilir. Bu çalışma, dilin bilişsel yapılarla çift yönlü etkileşim içinde devinen ve evrilen bir varlık olduğu varsayımından hareketle, Türkçedeki çokanlamlı lIk ekini prototipik bir tetkikle serimlemeyi hedeflemektedir. Bu çalışmada lIk ile ilişkili sayısız anlamlandırma biçiminin, mahiyete dayalı ilişki diye nitelenebilecek prototipik bir çekirdek mana etrafında devşirilebileceğini ve diğer okumaların küçük anlam değişiklikleriyle bu çekirdekten türetilebileceğini teklif edilmektedir. Ayrıca, Langackerın kuramına isnat edilerek prototipik olmayan manaların hem prototipik hem de prototipik olmayan başka alt anlamların dallandığı birer boğum noktası teşkil edebileceği ileri sürülmektedir. Bulgularımız, Prototip Kuramının, bu tetkik için pek de kifayet arz etmeyen klasik Aristotelesçi tasnife kıyasla, lIk ekini anlamak için çok daha sağlam bir analitik çerçeve sunduğunu bizlere göstermektedir.

Makale detayları

The Interplay of Polysemy and Prototypes: A Prototype Theory Approach to the Turkish Polysemic –lIk Morpheme

Yazarlar:

Halil İskender

Yayıncı:

Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University

Ana Başlıklar:

Bilişsel Dilbilimi

Dergi:

Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.6 Issue Cumhuriyet’in 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı (100th Year of the Republic Special Issue), pp.56-76

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2023

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001300395

pISSN:

2667-4424

–lIk

Polysemy

Conceptualization

Prototype Theory

Aristotelian Categorization–lIk

Çokanlamlılık

Kavramsallaştırma

Prototip Kuramı

Aristotelesçi Ulamlama

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Halil İskender

Yayıncı: Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University

Ana Başlıklar: Bilişsel Dilbilimi

Dergi: Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.6 Issue Cumhuriyet’in 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı (100th Year of the Republic Special Issue), pp.56-76

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 10/2023

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2001300395

pISSN: 2667-4424

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Halil İskender

Yayıncı:

Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University

Ana Başlıklar:

Bilişsel Dilbilimi

Dergi:

Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.6 Issue Cumhuriyet’in 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı (100th Year of the Republic Special Issue), pp.56-76

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2023

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001300395

pISSN:

2667-4424