HYPER-AND HYPOCOGNITION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS FROM A SEMANTIC AND SYNTACTIC POINT OF VIEW

Özge Sinem İmrağ

Makale detayları

HYPER-AND HYPOCOGNITION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS FROM A SEMANTIC AND SYNTACTIC POINT OF VIEW

Yazarlar:

Özge Sinem İmrağ

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Karşılaştırmalı Dil Çalışmaları

Dergi:

Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 2, pp.828-845

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2024

Belge Dili:

Almanca (Kısaltma)

Document ID (Org No.):

2001329588

pISSN:

2147-4958

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Ferdinand de Saussure assumes that, like other signs, linguistic signs also consist of a signified and a signifier. The signified is the content side and the signifier is the expression side of a linguistic sign. However, there are also cases in which there is no signified for a signifier, i.e., sometimes, the linguistic or cognitive representation for a phenomenon may be missing. This is called hypocognition and the opposite of this is hypercognition. In the case of hypocognition there is no linguistic expression or word for an idea, object or feeling, and in the case of hypercognition there is a multiplicity of linguistic elements for a concept. In this study, such linguistic concepts are treated in the framework of Turkish, German, English and some other languages based on the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis of linguistic relativity. The aim of this study is to identify differences resulting from the lack or diversity of linguistic concepts between different languages. For this purpose, the terms hypocognition and hypercognition are first defined in detail. The comparative method is used as research method and the comparison dimension is based on the semantic and syntactic level. Semantic criteria are limited to terms for feelings and colours, kinship terms and the number concept. Syntactic criteria are limited to tense and negation. It is concluded that semantic and syntactic aspects leading to hypercognition or hypocognition are sometimes related to each other and that hypercognition and hypocognition reflect the worldview of linguistic communities.

 Ferdinand de Saussure assumes that, like other signs, linguistic signs also consist of a signified and a signifier. The signified is the content side and the signifier is the expression side of a linguistic sign. However, there are also cases in which there is no signified for a signifier, i.e., sometimes, the linguistic or cognitive representation for a phenomenon may be missing. This is called hypocognition and the opposite of this is hypercognition. In the case of hypocognition there is no linguistic expression or word for an idea, object or feeling, and in the case of hypercognition there is a multiplicity of linguistic elements for a concept. In this study, such linguistic concepts are treated in the framework of Turkish, German, English and some other languages based on the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis of linguistic relativity. The aim of this study is to identify differences resulting from the lack or diversity of linguistic concepts between different languages. For this purpose, the terms hypocognition and hypercognition are first defined in detail. The comparative method is used as research method and the comparison dimension is based on the semantic and syntactic level. Semantic criteria are limited to terms for feelings and colours, kinship terms and the number concept. Syntactic criteria are limited to tense and negation. It is concluded that semantic and syntactic aspects leading to hypercognition or hypocognition are sometimes related to each other and that hypercognition and hypocognition reflect the worldview of linguistic communities.

 Ferdinand de Saussure assumes that, like other signs, linguistic signs also consist of a signified and a signifier. The signified is the content side and the signifier is the expression side of a linguistic sign. However, there are also cases in which there is no signified for a signifier, i.e., sometimes, the linguistic or cognitive representation for a phenomenon may be missing. This is called hypocognition and the opposite of this is hypercognition. In the case of hypocognition there is no linguistic expression or word for an idea, object or feeling, and in the case of hypercognition there is a multiplicity of linguistic elements for a concept. In this study, such linguistic concepts are treated in the framework of Turkish, German, English and some other languages based on the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis of linguistic relativity. The aim of this study is to identify differences resulting from the lack or diversity of linguistic concepts between different languages. For this purpose, the terms hypocognition and hypercognition are first defined in detail. The comparative method is used as research method and the comparison dimension is based on the semantic and syntactic level. Semantic criteria are limited to terms for feelings and colours, kinship terms and the number concept. Syntactic criteria are limited to tense and negation. It is concluded that semantic and syntactic aspects leading to hypercognition or hypocognition are sometimes related to each other and that hypercognition and hypocognition reflect the worldview of linguistic communities.

 Ferdinand de Saussure, tıpkı diğer göstergeler gibi dilsel göstergelerin de bir gösterilen ve bir gösterenden oluştuğunu savunur. Dilsel bir göstergenin gösterileni içerik tarafı, göstereni ise ifade tarafıdır. Ancak gösterilen bir şeyin hiçbir göstereninin olmadığı durumlar da vardır; yani bazen bir olgunun dilsel veya bilişsel temsili eksik olabilir. Buna düşük biliş denir ve bunun tam tersi ise yüksek biliş olarak adlandırılır. Düşük biliş durumunda bir fikir, bir nesne veya duygu için herhangi bir dilsel ifade veya kelime bulunamaz; yüksek biliş durumunda ise bir kavram için dilsel ögelerin çeşitliliği söz konusudur. Bu çalışmada böyle dilsel kavramlar, dilsel göreliliği savunan Sapir-Whorf hipotezi temel alınarak Türkçe, Almanca, İngilizce ve diğer bazı diller üzerinden ele alınmaktadır. Amaç, farklı diller arasında dilsel kavramların eksikliği veya çeşitliliğinden kaynaklanan farklılıkları tespit etmektir. Bu amaçla öncelikle düşük biliş ve yüksek biliş terimleri ayrıntılı olarak tanımlanmıştır. Kullanılan araştırma yöntemi karşılaştırmalı yöntemdir ve karşılaştırma boyutu semantik ve sentaktik düzeylerle sınırlıdır. Semantik ölçütler; duygu ve renk isimleri, akrabalık terimleri ve sayı kavramıyla, sentaktik ölçütler ise zaman ve olumsuzluk kavramlarıyla sınırlandırılmıştır. Yüksek biliş veya düşük bilişe yol açan semantik ve sentaktik unsurların zaman zaman birbiriyle bağlantılı olduğu ve yüksek biliş ile düşük bilişin bazen dilsel toplulukların dünya görüşünü yansıttığı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Makale detayları

HYPER-AND HYPOCOGNITION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS FROM A SEMANTIC AND SYNTACTIC POINT OF VIEW

Yazarlar:

Özge Sinem İmrağ

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Karşılaştırmalı Dil Çalışmaları

Dergi:

Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 2, pp.828-845

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2024

Belge Dili:

Almanca (Kısaltma)

Document ID (Org No.):

2001329588

pISSN:

2147-4958

Hypercognition

Hypocognition

Robert Levy

Linguistic Relativity

Sapir-Whorf-HypothesisYüksek Biliş

Düşük Biliş

Robert Levy

Dilsel Görelilik

Sapir-Whorf Hipotezi

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Özge Sinem İmrağ

Yayıncı: Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar: Karşılaştırmalı Dil Çalışmaları

Dergi: Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 2, pp.828-845

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 10/2024

Belge Dili: Almanca (Kısaltma)

Document ID (Org No.): 2001329588

pISSN: 2147-4958

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Özge Sinem İmrağ

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Karşılaştırmalı Dil Çalışmaları

Dergi:

Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 2, pp.828-845

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2024

Belge Dili:

Almanca (Kısaltma)

Document ID (Org No.):

2001329588

pISSN:

2147-4958