Decision Making On Organ Donation: An Examination From The Perspective Of Islamic Law And Psychology

Abdurrahman Ünalan; Alpaslan Alkış

Makale detayları

Decision Making On Organ Donation: An Examination From The Perspective Of Islamic Law And Psychology

Yazarlar:

Abdurrahman Ünalan | Alpaslan Alkış

Yayıncı:

Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Psikolojisi | İslam Hukuku

Dergi:

Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 45, pp.361-392

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001352491

pISSN:

1304-4524

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Advancements in medical technology have enabled the transplantation of various organs and tissues, such as the heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas, cornea, and bone marrow. While some organs, like kidneys, can be donated by living individuals, others, such as the heart and lungs, require confirmation of brain death. However, from an Islamic jurisprudential perspective, organ transplantation raises ethical and legal debates concerning human dignity, bodily autonomy, the balance of benefits and harms, the necessity principle, and the acceptability of brain death as true death. This study explores Islamic perspectives on organ donation alongside its psychological dimensions. The decision-making process regarding organ donation is influenced by emotional, social, and cognitive factors that shape individual attitudes. Since individuals decision-making process is affected by emotional, social and cognitive factors, their attitudes towards organ donation are also significantly affected by their level of religiosity, social environment, the region they live in and their personality traits. The findings show that 42.8 of participants consider organ donation, while 57.2 do not. Similarly, 42.8 perceive organ transplantation as a permanent treatment, whereas 57.2 disagree. Regarding religious concerns, 11.7 find organ donation objectionable, while 55.3 see no issue. Data suggest that both intrinsic religious beliefs, compassion, personality traits and extrinsic social environment, knowledge level, cultural norms factors influence individuals decisions on organ donation. Over the past half-century, transplantation has emerged as a significant medical advancement for patients with organ failure. However, economic concerns such as high costs and commercialization, along with religious apprehensions regarding the sanctity of the human body, raise ethical issues. While Judaism, Shintoism, Buddhism, and Chinese religious traditions approach transplantation cautiously, Christianity exhibits varying views among denominations, with the Catholic Church actively supporting organ donation. Organ transplantation is often portrayed as a source of hope, yet discussions predominantly highlight its benefits while overlooking its disadvantages. The long-term success and sustainability of transplants are often disregarded, and little attention is given to the psychological impact on recipients who must rely on lifelong immunosuppressive medication. While treating a patient is desirable, medical interventions must be ethical and appropriate. In organ transplantation, the issue is more complex than it may seem. Thus, a comprehensive evaluation from religious, legal, and psychological perspectives is necessary. Although religious and legal publications on organ donation exist, studies integrating psychological and religious dimensions remain scarce. There are religious and legal publications on this subject, but there are not enough studies that evaluate the psychological and religious perspectives together.

 Advancements in medical technology have enabled the transplantation of various organs and tissues, such as the heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas, cornea, and bone marrow. While some organs, like kidneys, can be donated by living individuals, others, such as the heart and lungs, require confirmation of brain death. However, from an Islamic jurisprudential perspective, organ transplantation raises ethical and legal debates concerning human dignity, bodily autonomy, the balance of benefits and harms, the necessity principle, and the acceptability of brain death as true death. This study explores Islamic perspectives on organ donation alongside its psychological dimensions. The decision-making process regarding organ donation is influenced by emotional, social, and cognitive factors that shape individual attitudes. Since individuals decision-making process is affected by emotional, social and cognitive factors, their attitudes towards organ donation are also significantly affected by their level of religiosity, social environment, the region they live in and their personality traits. The findings show that 42.8 of participants consider organ donation, while 57.2 do not. Similarly, 42.8 perceive organ transplantation as a permanent treatment, whereas 57.2 disagree. Regarding religious concerns, 11.7 find organ donation objectionable, while 55.3 see no issue. Data suggest that both intrinsic religious beliefs, compassion, personality traits and extrinsic social environment, knowledge level, cultural norms factors influence individuals decisions on organ donation. Over the past half-century, transplantation has emerged as a significant medical advancement for patients with organ failure. However, economic concerns such as high costs and commercialization, along with religious apprehensions regarding the sanctity of the human body, raise ethical issues. While Judaism, Shintoism, Buddhism, and Chinese religious traditions approach transplantation cautiously, Christianity exhibits varying views among denominations, with the Catholic Church actively supporting organ donation. Organ transplantation is often portrayed as a source of hope, yet discussions predominantly highlight its benefits while overlooking its disadvantages. The long-term success and sustainability of transplants are often disregarded, and little attention is given to the psychological impact on recipients who must rely on lifelong immunosuppressive medication. While treating a patient is desirable, medical interventions must be ethical and appropriate. In organ transplantation, the issue is more complex than it may seem. Thus, a comprehensive evaluation from religious, legal, and psychological perspectives is necessary. Although religious and legal publications on organ donation exist, studies integrating psychological and religious dimensions remain scarce. There are religious and legal publications on this subject, but there are not enough studies that evaluate the psychological and religious perspectives together.

 Advancements in medical technology have enabled the transplantation of various organs and tissues, such as the heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas, cornea, and bone marrow. While some organs, like kidneys, can be donated by living individuals, others, such as the heart and lungs, require confirmation of brain death. However, from an Islamic jurisprudential perspective, organ transplantation raises ethical and legal debates concerning human dignity, bodily autonomy, the balance of benefits and harms, the necessity principle, and the acceptability of brain death as true death. This study explores Islamic perspectives on organ donation alongside its psychological dimensions. The decision-making process regarding organ donation is influenced by emotional, social, and cognitive factors that shape individual attitudes. Since individuals decision-making process is affected by emotional, social and cognitive factors, their attitudes towards organ donation are also significantly affected by their level of religiosity, social environment, the region they live in and their personality traits. The findings show that 42.8 of participants consider organ donation, while 57.2 do not. Similarly, 42.8 perceive organ transplantation as a permanent treatment, whereas 57.2 disagree. Regarding religious concerns, 11.7 find organ donation objectionable, while 55.3 see no issue. Data suggest that both intrinsic religious beliefs, compassion, personality traits and extrinsic social environment, knowledge level, cultural norms factors influence individuals decisions on organ donation. Over the past half-century, transplantation has emerged as a significant medical advancement for patients with organ failure. However, economic concerns such as high costs and commercialization, along with religious apprehensions regarding the sanctity of the human body, raise ethical issues. While Judaism, Shintoism, Buddhism, and Chinese religious traditions approach transplantation cautiously, Christianity exhibits varying views among denominations, with the Catholic Church actively supporting organ donation. Organ transplantation is often portrayed as a source of hope, yet discussions predominantly highlight its benefits while overlooking its disadvantages. The long-term success and sustainability of transplants are often disregarded, and little attention is given to the psychological impact on recipients who must rely on lifelong immunosuppressive medication. While treating a patient is desirable, medical interventions must be ethical and appropriate. In organ transplantation, the issue is more complex than it may seem. Thus, a comprehensive evaluation from religious, legal, and psychological perspectives is necessary. Although religious and legal publications on organ donation exist, studies integrating psychological and religious dimensions remain scarce. There are religious and legal publications on this subject, but there are not enough studies that evaluate the psychological and religious perspectives together.

 Tıp teknolojisi alanındaki gelişmelerle kalp, böbrek, karaciğer, akciğer, pankreas, kornea ve kemik iliği gibi pek çok organ ve dokunun nakli mümkün hale gelmiştir. Böbrek gibi bazı organların nakli canlıdan aktarılabilirken kalp ve akciğer gibi bazı organlar beyin ölümünün gerçekleşmesi durumunda nakil olabilmektedir. Ancak İslam hukuku açısından bakıldığında organ naklinde insan bedeninin dokunulmazlığı ve saygınlığı, kişinin bedeni üzerindeki tasarruf yetkisi, alıcı ve verici arasındaki yarar zarar dengesi, zaruret halinin kesinliği, beyin ölümünün gerçek ölüm olarak kabul edilebilirliği gibi meseleler üzerinde bir takım tartışmalar bulunmaktadır. Bu açıdan İslam hukukunun yaklaşımı ile organ bağışı kararının psikolojik boyutları bu çalışmada ele alınmaktadır. Bireylerin karar alma süreci; duygusal, sosyal ve bilişsel faktörlerle etkilendiğinden organ bağışı konusundaki tutumları da dindarlık düzeyleri, sosyal çevreleri, yaşadıkları bölge ve kişilik özelliklerine göre önemli ölçüde etkilenmektedir. Konuyla ilgili yapılan alan araştırmasında katılımcılar arasında organ bağışı yapmayı düşünenlerin oranı 42,8 iken, bunu düşünmeyenlerin oranı 57,2dir. Organ naklini kalıcı bir tedavi yöntemi olarak kabul edenlerin oranı 42,8, buna inanmadığını belirtenlerin oranı ise 57,2dir. Organ bağışını dini açıdan sakıncalı bulanların oranı 11,7 olup, 55,3ü herhangi bir sakınca görmediğini ifade etmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen veriler, bireylerin organ bağışı ile ilgili kararlarını hem içsel dini inanç, merhamet, kişilik özellikleri hem de dışsal sosyal çevre, bilgi düzeyi, kültürel normlar faktörlerin etkilediğini göstermektedir. Son yarım asırdır tıpta transplantation adı verilen organ ve doku naklinin yapılabiliyor olması organ ve doku yetmezliği bulunanlar için güzel bir gelişme olmakla birlikte maliyetinin yüksekliği ve rant aracı haline dönüşmesi gibi ekonomik kaygıların yanında insan bedeninin kutsiyetine müdahale olduğu düşüncesinden hareketle dinsel olarak da kaygılar taşımaktadır. Yahudilik, Şintoizm, Budizm ve Çin dinleri organ nakline mesafeli dururken Hristiyan mezhepleri arasında farklılıklar olsa da genel olarak olumlu görülmekte hatta Katolik Kilisesinin destek ve teşviki bulunmaktadır. Organ nakli, organ yetmezliği olan hastalara umut olarak gösterilmekte ama tedavinin başarı şansı ve devamlılığı göz ardı edilerek dezavantajlarının yüksekliğinden ziyade sürekli olumlu yönlerine dikkat çekilmektedir. Organ nakli yapılan hastanın ilaca bağımlı olarak nakil başarısının ne kadar devam edeceği düşüncesi hastanın psikolojisine nasıl etki ettiği gündeme getirilmemektedir. Bir hastanın tedavi edilmesi tabii ki arzulanan bir husustur. Ancak tedavinin doğru yolla ve doğru bir şekilde yapılması gerekir. Organ naklinde ise mesele göründüğü kadar masum değildir. Bu nedenle konunun dini, hukuki ve insan psikolojisi açısından değerlendirilmesine ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır. Bu konuda dini ve hukuki yayınlar bulunmaktadır yalnız psikolojik ve dini bakış açısının birlikte değerlendirildiği çalışma yeterince bulunmamaktadır.

Makale detayları

Decision Making On Organ Donation: An Examination From The Perspective Of Islamic Law And Psychology

Yazarlar:

Abdurrahman Ünalan | Alpaslan Alkış

Yayıncı:

Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Psikolojisi | İslam Hukuku

Dergi:

Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 45, pp.361-392

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001352491

pISSN:

1304-4524

Islamic Law

Psychology

Transplantation

Necessity

Brain Deathİslam Hukuku

Psikoloji

Organ Nakli

Zaruret

Beyin Ölümü

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Abdurrahman Ünalan | Alpaslan Alkış

Yayıncı: Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University

Ana Başlıklar: Din Psikolojisi | İslam Hukuku

Dergi: Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 45, pp.361-392

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001352491

pISSN: 1304-4524

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Abdurrahman Ünalan | Alpaslan Alkış

Yayıncı:

Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Psikolojisi | İslam Hukuku

Dergi:

Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 45, pp.361-392

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001352491

pISSN:

1304-4524