The Convergence Point of Socio-Cultural Heritage: Village Room Çantı Mosques in İskilip

Oktay Gündogdu

Makale detayları

The Convergence Point of Socio-Cultural Heritage: Village Room Çantı Mosques in İskilip

Yazarlar:

Oktay Gündogdu

Yayıncı:

Hitit University

Ana Başlıklar:

Mimarlık Tarihi | Mimari

Dergi:

Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 2, pp.1040-1066

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001336420

pISSN:

2757-6949

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 With the permission of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the first study under the project Survey of the Turkish-Islamic Period in Çorum Province and Districts initiated in 2023 was conducted in the İskilip district center and its villages within Çorum province. The İskilip district, located between the Black Sea and Central Anatolia regions, carries the characteristics of both regions in terms of climate and geographical structure. As a result of the regions climatic characteristics, various examples of wooden materials have emerged. The use of wood as a building material is quite prevalent in religious and civil architectural structures such as mosques, tombs, houses, barns, haylofts, stables, beehives, etc. This has led to a higher use of çantı applications, a common technique for constructing with wood. There are a total of nine çantı mosques, three in the center and six in the villages. While the çantı mosques in the center of İskilip have already been studied, this is the first detailed examination of village-based çantı mosques identified by our team. Of the çantı mosques with similar architectural structures, five are single-story, while the remaining four have a two-story arrangement. The çantı mosques located in the northern villages of İskilip are categorized as village community hall çantı mosques, with four examples examined from architectural and cultural perspectives. This group, seldom mentioned in the literature, has been studied through four examples. These structures, significant for their architectural features and functionality, serve as a cultural keystone for disciplines such as architectural history, art history, Turkish folklore, and cultural history. New discoveries to be made throughout Çorum will both increase the number of structures of this typology and reveal the core elements of a rich culture. Village community halls are significant examples of civil architecture, valued both for their architectural structures and also their socio-cultural functions. The combination of çantı mosques, shaped by the regional style of religious architecture, with village community hall is rare. These designs primarily aim to meet the local communitys socio-cultural needs. The study examines four structures in the villages of İskilip, each featuring a village community hall on the lower level and a mosque on the upper level: The Madanlar and Memiler Neighborhood Mosques in Güneyaluç Village, the Sarıkavak Village Mosque, and the Yaylacıkseki Village Mosque. Constructed between 1944 and 1961, these buildings demonstrate how İskilip districts architecture was influenced by the Black Sea geography through their locations, architecture, decorative programs, and the village community halls underneath. In the three structures, wooden materials are used with the çantı technique on the upper floors, while on the lower floors, the village community halls incorporate wood and adobe materials with the masonry techniques. In the Sarıkavak Village Mosque, both the lower village community hall and the upper mosque are constructed entirely with the çantı technique. This structure differs from other examples in its prayer hall orientation, lack of womens gallery, and a mihrab made of plaster and brick. Simplicity is dominant both inside and outside in terms of decoration. Forms such as the crescent star, rosette and star appear in the decoration of the mihrab, pulpit and ceiling. In the çantı sections, wolfs throat and black throat jointing techniques are used at the wood connection points. The similar architectural and cultural features of these structures reflect the local interactions and shared traditions in the region. Similar examples can be found in places such as Çorum-Bayat, Tokat-Niksar, Sinop-Boyabat, Saraydüzü, Ordu-Akkuş, and Artvin-Şavşat. These examples, along with other village community hall çantı mosques, have been compiled for evaluation, with an effort to trace the architectural development in the region. The community halls located on the lower floor serve as village spaces for gatherings, conversations, and communication as well as for traditional ceremonies like weddings and soldier farewells. Although they have partially lost their original function today, some are still used as village community halls or Quran courses, continuing to strengthen the socio-cultural bonds of the local communities. Promoting, registering, and preserving these enduring structures, or restoring their original functions, is essential to ensure their legacy for future generations.

 Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığının izniyle 2023 yılında başladığımız Çorum İl ve İlçelerinde Türk-İslam Dönemi Yüzey Araştırması projesi kapsamında ilk çalışma, Çorum iline bağlı İskilip ilçe merkezi ve köylerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. İç Anadolu ile Karadeniz Bölgesi arasında bulunan İskilip ilçesi iklim ve coğrafi yapı olarak iki bölgenin de özelliklerini taşımaktadır. Bölgenin iklim özellikleri sonucu ahşap yapıların çeşitli örnekleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Dinî ve sivil mimari örneklerinin cami, türbe, konut, ambar, samanlık, ahır, arılık, vb. inşasında ahşabın yapı malzemesi olarak kullanımı oldukça yaygındır. Bu durum ahşap malzeme kullanımının yaygın tekniklerinden olan çantı uygulamalarını da artırmıştır. Merkezde üç ve köylerde altı olmak üzere toplam dokuz çantı cami bulunmaktadır. İskilip merkezdeki örnekler bilimsel yayınlarda incelenmiş ancak köylerde bulunan ve tarafımızca tespit edilen çantı camiler, ilk kez bu çalışmada detaylı olarak ele alınmıştır. Mimari yapıları benzer olan çantı camilerden beşi, tek katlı olup geriye kalan dört cami ise iki katlı düzenlemeye sahiptir. İskilipin kuzeyinde bulunan köylerdeki çantı camiler, köy odalı çantı camiler olarak gruplandırılmış; bu kapsamdaki dört örnek hem mimari hem de kültürel açıdan incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Mimari yapıları ve işlevsellikleri açısından büyük önem taşıyan bu yapılar; Mimarlık Tarihi, Sanat Tarihi, Türk Halk Bilimi, Kültür Tarihi gibi bilim dalları için kültürel kodların anahtarı ve taşıyıcısı olarak kabul edilmelidir. Çorumun genelinde yapılacak yeni tespitler hem bu tipolojideki yapıların sayısını artıracak hem de zengin bir kültürün nüvelerini ortaya çıkartacaktır. Köy odaları, mimari yapıları bakımından önemli olduğu gibi sosyo-kültürel işlevleri açısından da büyük değere sahiptir. Dini mimarinin bölgesel üslubuyla şekillenen çantı camilerle köy odalarının birleşimi ise nadir rastlanan yapılaşmalardandır. Bu tür mimari tasarımların yapılmasındaki temel amaç, yerel halkın sosyo-kültürel ihtiyaçlarını karşılamaktır. Bu çalışmada İskilip köylerinde; alt katı köy odası, üst katı cami olan Güneyaluç Köyünde Madanlar ve Memiler Mahallesi Camileri, Sarıkavak Köyü Camii ve Yaylacıkseki Köyü Camii olmak üzere dört yapı incelenmiştir. 1944-1961 yılları arasında inşa edilen bu yapılar, konumları, mimari şemaları ve süsleme programlarıyla birlikte altındaki köy odaları, İskilip ilçesinin Karadeniz coğrafyasından etkilendiğini ortaya koymaktadır. İncelenen yapılar arasında, üst katlarda ahşap malzemenin çantı tekniğiyle kullanıldığı; alt katlardaki köy odalarında ise ahşap ve kerpiç malzemelerin hımış ve yığma teknikleriyle uygulandığı görülmektedir. Sarıkavak Köyü Camisinde ise alttaki köy odasıyla üst kattaki caminin tamamı çantı tekniğinde yapılmıştır. Bu yapı harim yönelişi, kadınlar mahfilinin olmayışı, alçı ve tuğlayla yapılmış mihrabıyla diğer örneklerden ayrışmaktadır. Süsleme açısından bakıldığında sadeliğin hem iç hem de dış mekânda hakim olduğu söylenebilir. Ay-yıldız, gülbezek ve yıldız formları, mihrap, minber ve tavan süslemelerinde karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Çantı bölümlerde ahşapların birleşim noktalarında kurt boğaz ve kara boğaz geçme teknikleri uygulanmıştır. Bu yapıların benzer mimari ve kültürel özellikleri, bölgedeki yerel etkileşimlerin ve ortak geleneklerin yansımasıdır. Benzer örnekleriyle Çorum-Bayat, Tokat-Niksar, Sinop-Boyabat, Saraydüzü, Ordu-Akkuş ve Artvin-Şavşat gibi yerlerde karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu örneklerle birlikte köy odalı çantı camiler değerlendirme başlığı altında derlenmiş, bölgedeki mimari gelişim şeması izlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Genel itibariyle alt katta yer alan odalar toplanma, sohbet, haberleşme gibi köy odası işlevlerinin yanı sıra düğün, asker uğurlama gibi geleneksel törenlerde de kullanılmaktadır. Odalar, günümüzde işlevini kısmen yitirmiş olsa da bazıları köy odası olarak veya Kuran kursu olarak kullanılmakta ve bu şekilde yerel toplulukların sosyo-kültürel bağlarını güçlendirmeye devam etmektedir. Zamana karşı direnen bu yapıların tanıtılması, tescil edilmesi, özgün işlevlerinin sürdürülmesi veya yeniden işlev kazandırılmasının yanı sıra korunarak gelecek nesillere aktarılması için mücadele edilmesi gerekmektedir.

 With the permission of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the first study under the project Survey of the Turkish-Islamic Period in Çorum Province and Districts initiated in 2023 was conducted in the İskilip district center and its villages within Çorum province. The İskilip district, located between the Black Sea and Central Anatolia regions, carries the characteristics of both regions in terms of climate and geographical structure. As a result of the regions climatic characteristics, various examples of wooden materials have emerged. The use of wood as a building material is quite prevalent in religious and civil architectural structures such as mosques, tombs, houses, barns, haylofts, stables, beehives, etc. This has led to a higher use of çantı applications, a common technique for constructing with wood. There are a total of nine çantı mosques, three in the center and six in the villages. While the çantı mosques in the center of İskilip have already been studied, this is the first detailed examination of village-based çantı mosques identified by our team. Of the çantı mosques with similar architectural structures, five are single-story, while the remaining four have a two-story arrangement. The çantı mosques located in the northern villages of İskilip are categorized as village community hall çantı mosques, with four examples examined from architectural and cultural perspectives. This group, seldom mentioned in the literature, has been studied through four examples. These structures, significant for their architectural features and functionality, serve as a cultural keystone for disciplines such as architectural history, art history, Turkish folklore, and cultural history. New discoveries to be made throughout Çorum will both increase the number of structures of this typology and reveal the core elements of a rich culture. Village community halls are significant examples of civil architecture, valued both for their architectural structures and also their socio-cultural functions. The combination of çantı mosques, shaped by the regional style of religious architecture, with village community hall is rare. These designs primarily aim to meet the local communitys socio-cultural needs. The study examines four structures in the villages of İskilip, each featuring a village community hall on the lower level and a mosque on the upper level: The Madanlar and Memiler Neighborhood Mosques in Güneyaluç Village, the Sarıkavak Village Mosque, and the Yaylacıkseki Village Mosque. Constructed between 1944 and 1961, these buildings demonstrate how İskilip districts architecture was influenced by the Black Sea geography through their locations, architecture, decorative programs, and the village community halls underneath. In the three structures, wooden materials are used with the çantı technique on the upper floors, while on the lower floors, the village community halls incorporate wood and adobe materials with the masonry techniques. In the Sarıkavak Village Mosque, both the lower village community hall and the upper mosque are constructed entirely with the çantı technique. This structure differs from other examples in its prayer hall orientation, lack of womens gallery, and a mihrab made of plaster and brick. Simplicity is dominant both inside and outside in terms of decoration. Forms such as the crescent star, rosette and star appear in the decoration of the mihrab, pulpit and ceiling. In the çantı sections, wolfs throat and black throat jointing techniques are used at the wood connection points. The similar architectural and cultural features of these structures reflect the local interactions and shared traditions in the region. Similar examples can be found in places such as Çorum-Bayat, Tokat-Niksar, Sinop-Boyabat, Saraydüzü, Ordu-Akkuş, and Artvin-Şavşat. These examples, along with other village community hall çantı mosques, have been compiled for evaluation, with an effort to trace the architectural development in the region. The community halls located on the lower floor serve as village spaces for gatherings, conversations, and communication as well as for traditional ceremonies like weddings and soldier farewells. Although they have partially lost their original function today, some are still used as village community halls or Quran courses, continuing to strengthen the socio-cultural bonds of the local communities. Promoting, registering, and preserving these enduring structures, or restoring their original functions, is essential to ensure their legacy for future generations.

 With the permission of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the first study under the project Survey of the Turkish-Islamic Period in Çorum Province and Districts initiated in 2023 was conducted in the İskilip district center and its villages within Çorum province. The İskilip district, located between the Black Sea and Central Anatolia regions, carries the characteristics of both regions in terms of climate and geographical structure. As a result of the regions climatic characteristics, various examples of wooden materials have emerged. The use of wood as a building material is quite prevalent in religious and civil architectural structures such as mosques, tombs, houses, barns, haylofts, stables, beehives, etc. This has led to a higher use of çantı applications, a common technique for constructing with wood. There are a total of nine çantı mosques, three in the center and six in the villages. While the çantı mosques in the center of İskilip have already been studied, this is the first detailed examination of village-based çantı mosques identified by our team. Of the çantı mosques with similar architectural structures, five are single-story, while the remaining four have a two-story arrangement. The çantı mosques located in the northern villages of İskilip are categorized as village community hall çantı mosques, with four examples examined from architectural and cultural perspectives. This group, seldom mentioned in the literature, has been studied through four examples. These structures, significant for their architectural features and functionality, serve as a cultural keystone for disciplines such as architectural history, art history, Turkish folklore, and cultural history. New discoveries to be made throughout Çorum will both increase the number of structures of this typology and reveal the core elements of a rich culture. Village community halls are significant examples of civil architecture, valued both for their architectural structures and also their socio-cultural functions. The combination of çantı mosques, shaped by the regional style of religious architecture, with village community hall is rare. These designs primarily aim to meet the local communitys socio-cultural needs. The study examines four structures in the villages of İskilip, each featuring a village community hall on the lower level and a mosque on the upper level: The Madanlar and Memiler Neighborhood Mosques in Güneyaluç Village, the Sarıkavak Village Mosque, and the Yaylacıkseki Village Mosque. Constructed between 1944 and 1961, these buildings demonstrate how İskilip districts architecture was influenced by the Black Sea geography through their locations, architecture, decorative programs, and the village community halls underneath. In the three structures, wooden materials are used with the çantı technique on the upper floors, while on the lower floors, the village community halls incorporate wood and adobe materials with the masonry techniques. In the Sarıkavak Village Mosque, both the lower village community hall and the upper mosque are constructed entirely with the çantı technique. This structure differs from other examples in its prayer hall orientation, lack of womens gallery, and a mihrab made of plaster and brick. Simplicity is dominant both inside and outside in terms of decoration. Forms such as the crescent star, rosette and star appear in the decoration of the mihrab, pulpit and ceiling. In the çantı sections, wolfs throat and black throat jointing techniques are used at the wood connection points. The similar architectural and cultural features of these structures reflect the local interactions and shared traditions in the region. Similar examples can be found in places such as Çorum-Bayat, Tokat-Niksar, Sinop-Boyabat, Saraydüzü, Ordu-Akkuş, and Artvin-Şavşat. These examples, along with other village community hall çantı mosques, have been compiled for evaluation, with an effort to trace the architectural development in the region. The community halls located on the lower floor serve as village spaces for gatherings, conversations, and communication as well as for traditional ceremonies like weddings and soldier farewells. Although they have partially lost their original function today, some are still used as village community halls or Quran courses, continuing to strengthen the socio-cultural bonds of the local communities. Promoting, registering, and preserving these enduring structures, or restoring their original functions, is essential to ensure their legacy for future generations.

Makale detayları

The Convergence Point of Socio-Cultural Heritage: Village Room Çantı Mosques in İskilip

Yazarlar:

Oktay Gündogdu

Yayıncı:

Hitit University

Ana Başlıklar:

Mimarlık Tarihi | Mimari

Dergi:

Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 2, pp.1040-1066

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001336420

pISSN:

2757-6949

Çorum Surface Survey

İskilip

Village-Roomed Çantı Mosque

Güneyaluç

Sarıkavak

YaylacıksekiÇorum Yüzey Araştırması

İskilip

Köy Odalı Çantı Cami

Güneyaluç

Sarıkavak

Yaylacıkseki

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Oktay Gündogdu

Yayıncı: Hitit University

Ana Başlıklar: Mimarlık Tarihi | Mimari

Dergi: Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 2, pp.1040-1066

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001336420

pISSN: 2757-6949

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Oktay Gündogdu

Yayıncı:

Hitit University

Ana Başlıklar:

Mimarlık Tarihi | Mimari

Dergi:

Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 2, pp.1040-1066

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001336420

pISSN:

2757-6949