A Work on the Grammar of the Arabic Language Written in Ottoman Turkish by ‘Ābidīn Pasha: Ber Ṭarz-ı Nevīn Naḥv-i ‘Arabī

İsa Güceyüz

Makale detayları

A Work on the Grammar of the Arabic Language Written in Ottoman Turkish by ‘Ābidīn Pasha: Ber Ṭarz-ı Nevīn Naḥv-i ‘Arabī

Yazarlar:

İsa Güceyüz

Yayıncı:

Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi:

Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.65 Issue 65, pp.163-184

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001307796

pISSN:

1302-4973

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 an-Naḥv science, which is among the Arabic language sciences, focuses on Arabic grammar and has an important place in the history of Islamic science and thought. It is possible to divide Arabic literature in general, and the science and history of an-Naḥv in particular, into various periods from the time of ignorance to the present day. One of these periods is the Ottoman period, which covers the period between 1516 and 1802, and holds an important place in Arabic literature. During the Ottoman period, great importance was given to Arabic, which formed the basis of classical sciences, and linguistic sciences based on Arabic were mainly taught in the madrasahs of this period. On the basis of these sciences, there is aṣ-Sarf, an-Naḥv and al-balāġah. Ābidīn Pasha is one of the late Ottoman scholars; He is a versatile scholar who has written works on many fields, from syntax to literature, from Sufism to theology, from philosophy to economics and the stock market. Ābidīn Pasha was born in Preveza in 1843. While he served as governor in many places, such as Selānik, Adana, Sivas, Ankara, and Cezāyir-i Baḥr-i Sefīd Mediterranean Islands, he also served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs for a short time. Pasha, who was fluent in Arabic, Persian, Albanian, French, and Greek, wrote poems in Greek. Ābidīn Pasha stands out mostly with his Mesnevī commentary. However, it is possible to say that his treatises and works on other fields are also very valuable. Ābidīn Pasha, who knew five different languages well, also wrote a work on Arabic grammar called Ber Ṭarz-ı Nevīn Nahv-i Arabī. The work was printed on 13121895 at the Rhodes Cezāyir-i Baḥr-i Sefīd Provincial Printing House and was transferred to the digital environment in 2012 by the Istanbul Development Agency within the scope of the project of cataloging rare works of the Ottoman period. Although most of Ābidīn Pashas works have been discussed in various studies, no separate study has been conducted on his work Ber Ṭarz-ı Nevīn Nahv-i Arabī. Descriptive and explanatory methods were used in this study. This work has been examined under two main headings: general grammar and al-irāb subjects. In the work, subjects such as word types, al-avāmil as-Samāıyya and al-avāmil al-kıyāsiyya, almarfuāt, al-mansûbāt and al-macrûrāt are discussed in detail. In addition to these, the issues of al-irāb al-lafzī, al-irāb at-takhdīrī and al-irāb al-mahallī are also discussed, but the al-irāb of subjects such as kāne  inne and others like them, at-takīd, al-badal, atf al-bayān has not been entered into in detail. Subjects such as at-tahzīr, al-iġrā, al-ihtisās, expressions indicating exaggeration, ism at-tafdīl, and verbs expressing praise, blame, or surprise were not touched upon. It can be stated that Ābidīn Pasha did not address such issues for reasons such as the topics being less usable than others or the book being a concise work. In this respect, it can be said that the work was written with the aim of teaching syntax in a short and easy manner. The author did not include an independent bibliography in his work. However, It is possible to say that basic grammatical works such as the Birgivī Mehmed Efendis al-Avāmil ve al-İzhār, İbn al-Hājibs al-Kāfiye, İbn Hişāms Muğnī al-Labīb and Kavâid al-İrāb, al-Kāfiye commentary, also known as Molla Câmî al-Favāid az-Ziyāiyye in relation to the person who commented, are among the sources of Ābidīn Pasha. Until the Tanzimat period in the Ottoman Empire, independent works, commentaries, and annotations related to an-naḥv were generally written in Arabic. With Tanzimat, ideas such as Turkishness in the language, writing works in Turkish, searching for new methods in teaching grammar, and facilitating grammar gained importance. In fact, after the Tanzimat period, works centering on these ideas increased. It can be said that Ābidīn Pasha, who wrote his work in Turkish, was also influenced by these thoughts and aimed to teach an-naḥv to the students using a new method based on their mother tongue. It can be stated that Abidin Pasha also had the idea of teaching an-naḥv easily or making it easier. When Arabic grammatical subjects were generally covered in detail, the fact that Ābidīn Pasha did not go into detail regarding these subjects refers to the same point. In fact, in the title of his work, he states that he deals with Arabic nahw using a new method.

 Arapça dil ilimleri içerisinde yer alan Nahiv ilmi Arap gramerini konu edinen bir disiplin olup İslam ilim ve düşünce tarihinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Câhiliyeden günümüze, genelde Arap edebiyatını özelde ise nahiv ilmini ve tarihini çeşitli dönemlere ayırmak mümkündür. Bu dönemlerden birisi de 1516-1802 yılları arasını kapsayan ve Arap edebiyatında önemli bir yer tutan Osmanlı dönemidir. Osmanlı döneminde klasik ilimlerin temelini teşkil eden Arapçaya oldukça önem verilmiş ve bu dönemin medreselerinde Arapçaya dayalı dil ilimleri ağırlıklı olarak okutulmuştur. Bu ilimlerin temelinde ise sarf, nahiv ve belâgat mevcuttur. Âbidîn Paşa da son dönem Osmanlı âlimlerinden birisi olup; nahivden edebiyata, tasavvuftan kelama, felsefeden ekonomi ve borsaya birçok alana dair eser kaleme almış çok yönlü bir ilim adamıdır. Âbidîn Paşa, 1843 yılında Prevezede dünyaya gelmiştir. Selânik, Adana, Sivas, Ankara ve Cezâyir-i Bahr-i Sefîd Akdeniz Adaları gibi birçok yerde valilik yapmakla birlikte kısa bir süreliğine Hâriciye nâzırlığı görevini de üstlenmiştir. İyi derecede Arapça, Farsça, Arnavutça, Fransızca ve Yunanca bilen Paşa, aynı zamanda Yunanca şiirler de kaleme almıştır. Âbidîn Paşa daha çok Mesnevî şerhi ile öne çıkmaktadır. Ancak diğer alanlara dair risale ve eserlerinin de oldukça kıymetli olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Beş ayrı dili iyi derecede bilen Âbidîn Paşa, Arapça gramerine dair Ber Tarz-ı Nevîn Nahv-i Arabî isminde bir eser de kaleme almıştır. Eser, 13121895 yılında Rodos Cezâyir-i Bahr-i Sefîd Vilâyet Matbaasında basılmış ve 2012 yılında İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı tarafından Osmanlı dönemi nadir eserlerin kataloglanması projesi kapsamında dijital ortama aktarılmıştır. Âbidîn Paşanın eserlerinin çoğu çeşitli çalışmalarda konu edinilmiş olmakla birlikte onun Ber Tarz-ı Nevîn Nahv-i Arabî isimli eseri hakkında müstakil bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Bu çalışmada betimleyici ve açıklayıcı yöntem kullanılmıştır. Eser, genel gramer ve irâb konuları olmak üzere iki temel başlık altında incelenmiştir. Eserde kelime türleri, semâî ve kıyâsî âmiller, merfuât, mansûbat ve mecrûrat gibi konular üzerinde detaylı olarak durulmuştur. Bunlara ek olarak lafzî, takdîrî ve mahallî irâb meselesi de işlenmiş fakat kâne  inne ve benzerleri, tekîd, bedel, atf-ı beyân gibi konuların irâbına detaylı olarak girilmemiştir. Tahzîr, iğrâ, ihtisâs, mübâlağa bildiren ifadeler, ism-i tafdîl, medih, zem ve teaccüb bildiren fiiller gibi konulara ise temas edilmemiştir. Konuların kullanım alanının diğerlerine göre daha az olması veya kitabın muhtasar bir eser özelliğine sahip olması gibi sebeplerle Âbidîn Paşanın bu tür meseleleri ele almadığı ifade edilebilir. Bu yönüyle eserin, nahvin kısa ve kolay bir şekilde öğretilmesi amacıyla kaleme alındığı söylenebilir. Müellif, eserinde müstakil bir kaynakçaya yer vermemiştir. Ancak Birgivî Mehmed Efendinin Avâmil ve İzhârı, İbnul-Hâcibin Kâfiyesi, İbn Hişâmın Muğnil-Lebîb ve Kavâidul-İrâbı, şârihine nispetle Molla Câmî el-Fevâiduz-Ziyâiyye olarak da bilinen Kâfiye şerhi gibi temel gramer eserlerinin Âbidîn Paşanın kaynakları arasında bulunduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Osmanlıda Tanzimat dönemine kadar nahivle ilgili telif, şerh ve hâşiye türündeki eserlerin genellikle Arapça olarak kaleme alındığı görülmektedir. Tanzimat ile birlikte dilde Türkçecilik, Türkçe eser yazma, nahiv öğretiminde yeni yöntem arayışları ve nahvin kolaylaştırılması gibi düşünceler ağırlık kazanmıştır. Nitekim Tanzimat sonrasında bu tür düşünceleri merkeze alan eserler artış görtermiştir. Eserini Türkçe olarak kaleme alan Âbidîn Paşanın da bu düşüncelerden etkilendiği, talebelere ana dilinden hareketle ve yeni bir yöntemle nahvi öğretmeyi amaçladığı söylenebilir. Âbidîn Paşanın ayrıca nahvin kolay bir şekilde öğretilmesi veya nahvin kolaylaştırılması düşüncesinin olduğu ifade edilebilir. Arapça gramer konularının genellikle ayrıntılı işlendiği bir dönemde Âbidîn Paşanın bu konuların detayına girmemesi de aynı hususa işaret etmektedir. Nitekim, eserinin başlığında da Arap nahvini yeni bir yöntemle ele aldığını ifade etmektedir.

 an-Naḥv science, which is among the Arabic language sciences, focuses on Arabic grammar and has an important place in the history of Islamic science and thought. It is possible to divide Arabic literature in general, and the science and history of an-Naḥv in particular, into various periods from the time of ignorance to the present day. One of these periods is the Ottoman period, which covers the period between 1516 and 1802, and holds an important place in Arabic literature. During the Ottoman period, great importance was given to Arabic, which formed the basis of classical sciences, and linguistic sciences based on Arabic were mainly taught in the madrasahs of this period. On the basis of these sciences, there is aṣ-Sarf, an-Naḥv and al-balāġah. Ābidīn Pasha is one of the late Ottoman scholars; He is a versatile scholar who has written works on many fields, from syntax to literature, from Sufism to theology, from philosophy to economics and the stock market. Ābidīn Pasha was born in Preveza in 1843. While he served as governor in many places, such as Selānik, Adana, Sivas, Ankara, and Cezāyir-i Baḥr-i Sefīd Mediterranean Islands, he also served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs for a short time. Pasha, who was fluent in Arabic, Persian, Albanian, French, and Greek, wrote poems in Greek. Ābidīn Pasha stands out mostly with his Mesnevī commentary. However, it is possible to say that his treatises and works on other fields are also very valuable. Ābidīn Pasha, who knew five different languages well, also wrote a work on Arabic grammar called Ber Ṭarz-ı Nevīn Nahv-i Arabī. The work was printed on 13121895 at the Rhodes Cezāyir-i Baḥr-i Sefīd Provincial Printing House and was transferred to the digital environment in 2012 by the Istanbul Development Agency within the scope of the project of cataloging rare works of the Ottoman period. Although most of Ābidīn Pashas works have been discussed in various studies, no separate study has been conducted on his work Ber Ṭarz-ı Nevīn Nahv-i Arabī. Descriptive and explanatory methods were used in this study. This work has been examined under two main headings: general grammar and al-irāb subjects. In the work, subjects such as word types, al-avāmil as-Samāıyya and al-avāmil al-kıyāsiyya, almarfuāt, al-mansûbāt and al-macrûrāt are discussed in detail. In addition to these, the issues of al-irāb al-lafzī, al-irāb at-takhdīrī and al-irāb al-mahallī are also discussed, but the al-irāb of subjects such as kāne  inne and others like them, at-takīd, al-badal, atf al-bayān has not been entered into in detail. Subjects such as at-tahzīr, al-iġrā, al-ihtisās, expressions indicating exaggeration, ism at-tafdīl, and verbs expressing praise, blame, or surprise were not touched upon. It can be stated that Ābidīn Pasha did not address such issues for reasons such as the topics being less usable than others or the book being a concise work. In this respect, it can be said that the work was written with the aim of teaching syntax in a short and easy manner. The author did not include an independent bibliography in his work. However, It is possible to say that basic grammatical works such as the Birgivī Mehmed Efendis al-Avāmil ve al-İzhār, İbn al-Hājibs al-Kāfiye, İbn Hişāms Muğnī al-Labīb and Kavâid al-İrāb, al-Kāfiye commentary, also known as Molla Câmî al-Favāid az-Ziyāiyye in relation to the person who commented, are among the sources of Ābidīn Pasha. Until the Tanzimat period in the Ottoman Empire, independent works, commentaries, and annotations related to an-naḥv were generally written in Arabic. With Tanzimat, ideas such as Turkishness in the language, writing works in Turkish, searching for new methods in teaching grammar, and facilitating grammar gained importance. In fact, after the Tanzimat period, works centering on these ideas increased. It can be said that Ābidīn Pasha, who wrote his work in Turkish, was also influenced by these thoughts and aimed to teach an-naḥv to the students using a new method based on their mother tongue. It can be stated that Abidin Pasha also had the idea of teaching an-naḥv easily or making it easier. When Arabic grammatical subjects were generally covered in detail, the fact that Ābidīn Pasha did not go into detail regarding these subjects refers to the same point. In fact, in the title of his work, he states that he deals with Arabic nahw using a new method.

 an-Naḥv science, which is among the Arabic language sciences, focuses on Arabic grammar and has an important place in the history of Islamic science and thought. It is possible to divide Arabic literature in general, and the science and history of an-Naḥv in particular, into various periods from the time of ignorance to the present day. One of these periods is the Ottoman period, which covers the period between 1516 and 1802, and holds an important place in Arabic literature. During the Ottoman period, great importance was given to Arabic, which formed the basis of classical sciences, and linguistic sciences based on Arabic were mainly taught in the madrasahs of this period. On the basis of these sciences, there is aṣ-Sarf, an-Naḥv and al-balāġah. Ābidīn Pasha is one of the late Ottoman scholars; He is a versatile scholar who has written works on many fields, from syntax to literature, from Sufism to theology, from philosophy to economics and the stock market. Ābidīn Pasha was born in Preveza in 1843. While he served as governor in many places, such as Selānik, Adana, Sivas, Ankara, and Cezāyir-i Baḥr-i Sefīd Mediterranean Islands, he also served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs for a short time. Pasha, who was fluent in Arabic, Persian, Albanian, French, and Greek, wrote poems in Greek. Ābidīn Pasha stands out mostly with his Mesnevī commentary. However, it is possible to say that his treatises and works on other fields are also very valuable. Ābidīn Pasha, who knew five different languages well, also wrote a work on Arabic grammar called Ber Ṭarz-ı Nevīn Nahv-i Arabī. The work was printed on 13121895 at the Rhodes Cezāyir-i Baḥr-i Sefīd Provincial Printing House and was transferred to the digital environment in 2012 by the Istanbul Development Agency within the scope of the project of cataloging rare works of the Ottoman period. Although most of Ābidīn Pashas works have been discussed in various studies, no separate study has been conducted on his work Ber Ṭarz-ı Nevīn Nahv-i Arabī. Descriptive and explanatory methods were used in this study. This work has been examined under two main headings: general grammar and al-irāb subjects. In the work, subjects such as word types, al-avāmil as-Samāıyya and al-avāmil al-kıyāsiyya, almarfuāt, al-mansûbāt and al-macrûrāt are discussed in detail. In addition to these, the issues of al-irāb al-lafzī, al-irāb at-takhdīrī and al-irāb al-mahallī are also discussed, but the al-irāb of subjects such as kāne  inne and others like them, at-takīd, al-badal, atf al-bayān has not been entered into in detail. Subjects such as at-tahzīr, al-iġrā, al-ihtisās, expressions indicating exaggeration, ism at-tafdīl, and verbs expressing praise, blame, or surprise were not touched upon. It can be stated that Ābidīn Pasha did not address such issues for reasons such as the topics being less usable than others or the book being a concise work. In this respect, it can be said that the work was written with the aim of teaching syntax in a short and easy manner. The author did not include an independent bibliography in his work. However, It is possible to say that basic grammatical works such as the Birgivī Mehmed Efendis al-Avāmil ve al-İzhār, İbn al-Hājibs al-Kāfiye, İbn Hişāms Muğnī al-Labīb and Kavâid al-İrāb, al-Kāfiye commentary, also known as Molla Câmî al-Favāid az-Ziyāiyye in relation to the person who commented, are among the sources of Ābidīn Pasha. Until the Tanzimat period in the Ottoman Empire, independent works, commentaries, and annotations related to an-naḥv were generally written in Arabic. With Tanzimat, ideas such as Turkishness in the language, writing works in Turkish, searching for new methods in teaching grammar, and facilitating grammar gained importance. In fact, after the Tanzimat period, works centering on these ideas increased. It can be said that Ābidīn Pasha, who wrote his work in Turkish, was also influenced by these thoughts and aimed to teach an-naḥv to the students using a new method based on their mother tongue. It can be stated that Abidin Pasha also had the idea of teaching an-naḥv easily or making it easier. When Arabic grammatical subjects were generally covered in detail, the fact that Ābidīn Pasha did not go into detail regarding these subjects refers to the same point. In fact, in the title of his work, he states that he deals with Arabic nahw using a new method.

Makale detayları

A Work on the Grammar of the Arabic Language Written in Ottoman Turkish by ‘Ābidīn Pasha: Ber Ṭarz-ı Nevīn Naḥv-i ‘Arabī

Yazarlar:

İsa Güceyüz

Yayıncı:

Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi:

Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.65 Issue 65, pp.163-184

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001307796

pISSN:

1302-4973

Arabic Language and Rhetoric (al-Balāġah)

an-Naḥv (Arabic grammar)

‘Ābidīn Pasha

Ber Ṭarz-ı Nevīn Nahv-i ‘Arabī

Ottoman TurkishArap Dili ve Belâgatı

Nahiv (Arapça Grameri)

Âbidîn Paşa

Ber Tarz-ı Nevîn Nahv-i Arabî

Osmanlı Türkçesi

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: İsa Güceyüz

Yayıncı: Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar: Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi: Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.65 Issue 65, pp.163-184

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001307796

pISSN: 1302-4973

Sayı

Yazarlar:

İsa Güceyüz

Yayıncı:

Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi:

Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.65 Issue 65, pp.163-184

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001307796

pISSN:

1302-4973