PORTUGAL-SAFAVID IRAN RELATIONS IN THE PERIOD OF SHAH ISMAIL: ANTÓNIO TENREIRO'S TRAVEL WITH THE PORTUGUESE ENVOY TO THE COURT OF SHAH ISMAIL (1523-1524)

Emrah Naki

Makale detayları

PORTUGAL-SAFAVID IRAN RELATIONS IN THE PERIOD OF SHAH ISMAIL: ANTÓNIO TENREIRO'S TRAVEL WITH THE PORTUGUESE ENVOY TO THE COURT OF SHAH ISMAIL (1523-1524)

Yazarlar:

Emrah Naki

Yayıncı:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Ana Başlıklar:

Genel Türk Tarihi (Diğer)

Dergi:

Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi Issue 110, pp.199-226

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319627

pISSN:

1306-8253

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Portuguese-Safavid contacts took place for the first time in history in 1507, when the Portuguese fleet under the command of Afonso de Albuquerque entered the Persian Gulf and tried to dominate the Kingdom of Hormuz. Thanks to its location and connection to the trade routes, Hormuz, which generated large revenues from customs duties on goods passing through the port, attracted the attention of the Portuguese, who wanted to build secure bases between the Indian and Iranian trade routes. The Portuguese subjugated the King of Hormuz, who paid a tribute to Shah Ismail, and started the construction of a fortress on the island of Hormuz, thus gaining military and commercial control of the Persian Gulf. Shah Ismail had no intention of giving up the revenue from Hormuz. He did not refrain from reminding his rights over Hormuz at every opportunity and threatened the Portuguese activities in the island militarily. Keeping diplomatic channels open, the Kingdom of Portugal tried to suppress the Shahs threats. Shah Ismail, struggling to recover from the defeat at Çaldıran, had no other choice but to establish good relations with the Portuguese. Although he did not receive the tribute from Hormuz, Shah Ismail, who chose the path of agreement, made the Portuguese accept the transportation of his people, especially Iranian merchants in the Persian Gulf, to the lands of Arabia by sea. In 1522, when the Portuguese authorities in Hormuz took control of the customs, the king of Hormuz revolted against the Portuguese. He offered the tribute to Shah Ismail and asked for his help against the Portuguese. However, after the sudden death of the King of Hormuz and the new kings agreement with the Portuguese, the help did not work and Shah Ismail prevented the caravans going to Hormuz. The King of Hormuz, who had lost his income, could not pay the tribute to the Portuguese. As a result, in order to save Hormuz from Safavid pressure, the Portuguese governor of India, D. Duarte de Menezes, sent Baltasar Pessoa to Shah Ismails court as an envoy to negotiate. In this context, the translation from Portuguese of the section on Iran in the travelogue Itinerario... in which António Tenreiro, who accompanied the Portuguese envoy on his journey to Iran, wrote his observations, is important for us to see Portuguese-Safavid Relations and Iran through the eyes of a Portuguese traveler.

 Portuguese-Safavid contacts took place for the first time in history in 1507, when the Portuguese fleet under the command of Afonso de Albuquerque entered the Persian Gulf and tried to dominate the Kingdom of Hormuz. Thanks to its location and connection to the trade routes, Hormuz, which generated large revenues from customs duties on goods passing through the port, attracted the attention of the Portuguese, who wanted to build secure bases between the Indian and Iranian trade routes. The Portuguese subjugated the King of Hormuz, who paid a tribute to Shah Ismail, and started the construction of a fortress on the island of Hormuz, thus gaining military and commercial control of the Persian Gulf. Shah Ismail had no intention of giving up the revenue from Hormuz. He did not refrain from reminding his rights over Hormuz at every opportunity and threatened the Portuguese activities in the island militarily. Keeping diplomatic channels open, the Kingdom of Portugal tried to suppress the Shahs threats. Shah Ismail, struggling to recover from the defeat at Çaldıran, had no other choice but to establish good relations with the Portuguese. Although he did not receive the tribute from Hormuz, Shah Ismail, who chose the path of agreement, made the Portuguese accept the transportation of his people, especially Iranian merchants in the Persian Gulf, to the lands of Arabia by sea. In 1522, when the Portuguese authorities in Hormuz took control of the customs, the king of Hormuz revolted against the Portuguese. He offered the tribute to Shah Ismail and asked for his help against the Portuguese. However, after the sudden death of the King of Hormuz and the new kings agreement with the Portuguese, the help did not work and Shah Ismail prevented the caravans going to Hormuz. The King of Hormuz, who had lost his income, could not pay the tribute to the Portuguese. As a result, in order to save Hormuz from Safavid pressure, the Portuguese governor of India, D. Duarte de Menezes, sent Baltasar Pessoa to Shah Ismails court as an envoy to negotiate. In this context, the translation from Portuguese of the section on Iran in the travelogue Itinerario... in which António Tenreiro, who accompanied the Portuguese envoy on his journey to Iran, wrote his observations, is important for us to see Portuguese-Safavid Relations and Iran through the eyes of a Portuguese traveler.

 Portuguese-Safavid contacts took place for the first time in history in 1507, when the Portuguese fleet under the command of Afonso de Albuquerque entered the Persian Gulf and tried to dominate the Kingdom of Hormuz. Thanks to its location and connection to the trade routes, Hormuz, which generated large revenues from customs duties on goods passing through the port, attracted the attention of the Portuguese, who wanted to build secure bases between the Indian and Iranian trade routes. The Portuguese subjugated the King of Hormuz, who paid a tribute to Shah Ismail, and started the construction of a fortress on the island of Hormuz, thus gaining military and commercial control of the Persian Gulf. Shah Ismail had no intention of giving up the revenue from Hormuz. He did not refrain from reminding his rights over Hormuz at every opportunity and threatened the Portuguese activities in the island militarily. Keeping diplomatic channels open, the Kingdom of Portugal tried to suppress the Shahs threats. Shah Ismail, struggling to recover from the defeat at Çaldıran, had no other choice but to establish good relations with the Portuguese. Although he did not receive the tribute from Hormuz, Shah Ismail, who chose the path of agreement, made the Portuguese accept the transportation of his people, especially Iranian merchants in the Persian Gulf, to the lands of Arabia by sea. In 1522, when the Portuguese authorities in Hormuz took control of the customs, the king of Hormuz revolted against the Portuguese. He offered the tribute to Shah Ismail and asked for his help against the Portuguese. However, after the sudden death of the King of Hormuz and the new kings agreement with the Portuguese, the help did not work and Shah Ismail prevented the caravans going to Hormuz. The King of Hormuz, who had lost his income, could not pay the tribute to the Portuguese. As a result, in order to save Hormuz from Safavid pressure, the Portuguese governor of India, D. Duarte de Menezes, sent Baltasar Pessoa to Shah Ismails court as an envoy to negotiate. In this context, the translation from Portuguese of the section on Iran in the travelogue Itinerario... in which António Tenreiro, who accompanied the Portuguese envoy on his journey to Iran, wrote his observations, is important for us to see Portuguese-Safavid Relations and Iran through the eyes of a Portuguese traveler.

 Portekiz-Safevî temasları, tarihte ilk kez Afonso de Albuquerque komutasındaki Portekiz donanmasının Basra Körfezine girip Hürmüz Krallığını egemenliği altına almaya çalıştığı 1507 yılında gerçekleşti. Konumu gereği ticaret yollarıyla olan bağlantısı sayesinde limana uğrayan malların gümrük vergilerinden büyük gelir elde eden Hürmüz, Hindistan ve İran ticaret yolları arasında güvenli üsler inşa etmek isteyen Portekizlilerin dikkatini çekti. Şah İsmaile vasallık vergisi ödeyen Hürmüz kralını boyunduruğu altına alıp Hürmüz Adasında bir kale inşaatına girişen Portekizliler, bu sayede Basra Körfezinin askeri ve ticari kontrolünü ele geçirmeyi başardılar. Şah İsmailin, Hürmüzden alınan gelirden vazgeçmek gibi bir niyeti yoktu. Her fırsatta Hürmüz üzerindeki haklarını hatırlatmaktan imtina etmediği gibi askeri anlamda Portekizlilerin adadaki faaliyetlerini tehdit etmekteydi. Diplomatik kanalları açık tutan Portekiz Krallığı, Şahın tehditlerini baskılamaya çalışmaktaydı. Çaldıran mağlubiyeti sebebiyle yaralarını sarmakta zorlanan Şah İsmailin Portekizlilerle iyi ilişkiler kurmaktan başka tercih yolu bulunmamaktaydı. Hürmüzden gelen vasallık vergisini alamasa da anlaşma yolunu seçen Şah İsmail, Basra Körfezinde başta İranlı tüccarlar olmak üzere halkının Arabistan topraklarına deniz yoluyla taşınmasını Portekizlilere kabul ettirdi. Kendisine isyan eden Mekran kralına karşı askeri yardım ile giriş Hürmüz olmak şartıyla ana ticaret limanı Goada İranlı tüccarların faaliyetine izin verecek sözü Portekizden aldı. 1522de Hürmüzdeki Portekizli yetkililerin gümrüklerin kontrolünü devralması üzerine, Hürmüz kralı Portekizlilere karşı ayaklandı. Vasallık vergisini Şah İsmaile teklif edip Portekizlilere karşı ondan yardım istedi. Fakat Hürmüz kralının aniden ölümü ve yerine geçen yeni kralın Portekizlilerle anlaşması üzerine ulaşan yardım işe yaramayınca Şah İsmail, Hürmüze giden kafileleri engelledi. Gelirini kaybeden Hürmüz kralı, Portekizlilere vasallık vergisini ödeyemedi. Neticede Hürmüzü Safevi baskısından kurtarmak amacıyla Portekizin Hindistan valisi D. Duarte de Menezes, müzakere yapmak üzere elçi olarak Baltasar Pessoayı Şah İsmailin sarayına gönderdi. Bu bağlamda Portekiz elçisine İran yolculuğunda eşlik eden António Tenreironun gözlemlerini kaleme aldığı Itinerario.. adlı seyahatnamesinin İran ile ilgili kısmının Portekizceden tercümesi, Portekiz- Safevî İlişkileri ve İranı bir Portekizli seyyahın gözünden görmemiz açısından önemi haizdir.

Makale detayları

PORTUGAL-SAFAVID IRAN RELATIONS IN THE PERIOD OF SHAH ISMAIL: ANTÓNIO TENREIRO'S TRAVEL WITH THE PORTUGUESE ENVOY TO THE COURT OF SHAH ISMAIL (1523-1524)

Yazarlar:

Emrah Naki

Yayıncı:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Ana Başlıklar:

Genel Türk Tarihi (Diğer)

Dergi:

Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi Issue 110, pp.199-226

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319627

pISSN:

1306-8253

PORTUGAL

SAFAVID

SHAH ISMAIL

ALBUQUERQUE

HORMUZPortekiz

Safevi

Şah İsmail

Albuquerque

Hürmüz

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Emrah Naki

Yayıncı: Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Ana Başlıklar: Genel Türk Tarihi (Diğer)

Dergi: Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi Issue 110, pp.199-226

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001319627

pISSN: 1306-8253

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Emrah Naki

Yayıncı:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Ana Başlıklar:

Genel Türk Tarihi (Diğer)

Dergi:

Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi Issue 110, pp.199-226

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319627

pISSN:

1306-8253