An Extraordinary Theme in Classical Arabic Elegy Poetry: Joint-Presentation of Condolence and Celebration

Mehmet Şirin Aladağ

Makale detayları

An Extraordinary Theme in Classical Arabic Elegy Poetry: Joint-Presentation of Condolence and Celebration

Yazarlar:

Mehmet Şirin Aladağ

Yayıncı:

Tekirdag Namik Kemal University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi:

Tasavvur / Tekirdağ İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.10 Issue 1, pp.107-143

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001320435

pISSN:

2619-9130

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Mankind have lamented for their deaths since their existence, wept for them and written poems and proses to utter their sorrows. Thus, history of lamenting goes back as far as the pain and tragedies occurring in their lives. Although it is challenging to determine the date of first elegy poem, it can be said that elegiac is one of the oldest genres among the poems. Sadness and joy are the two important emotions in human nature. Humans mostly experience two feelings separately; yet sometimes together at the same time. It is possible to see reflections of this in some literary works. During the Umayyad period, the transformation of the caliphate into a structure inherited from father to son brought about some changes and transformations in Arabic literature and led to the birth of new literary genres. One of these types, elegy, is to express condolence and celebration at the same time, that is, both sadness and joy, in literary works. In Arabic literature, this type of elegy is considered a type of iftinā, the art of expressing two opposing themes at the same time. Although the art of iftinān had existed at a conceptual level before, it was first brought into the literature terminologically by Ibn Abi al-Isba. These impressive examples, which constitute the type of elegy in question and are generally expressed by people with quick wit, are worth examining in many respects, thanks to their high literary quality. Literary material on the subject, which has an extraordinary theme due to sadness and joy being expressed together, is scattered in the sources. As far as we can determine from the examples that have survived so far, the addressees of this art are generally the administrative groups. When the examples in the sources are examined, it is seen that condolence and celebration are combined into a single expression on various occasions. These situations, which require mastery and quick wit in terms of language and literature, offer poets and writers the opportunity to display their skills and talents. This phenomenon, which is mostly directed to caliphs, princes, emirs and other statesmen, takes place in palace circles. There is different information in the sources about who was the first person to apply this art, emerging during the Umayyad period, in poetry and prose. In this study, samples of the relevant species found scattered in the sources will be analyzed. The main goal of the article is to analyze from various perspectives these examples in poetry and prose form, where condolences and congratulations, which are a special theme in classical Arabic literature, are expressed together. The importance of this genre, which emerged during the Umayyad period and transformed into a literary structure with its own characteristics in terms of form and content, will be emphasized through examples and its place in Arabic literature will be tried to be revealed. The absence of a separate study on the subject reveals the originality of the article and is thought to contribute to the field in terms of understanding and evaluating the development of the literary genre in question. The study will be conducted based on document analysis, which is one of the qualitative research methods.

 Mankind have lamented for their deaths since their existence, wept for them and written poems and proses to utter their sorrows. Thus, history of lamenting goes back as far as the pain and tragedies occurring in their lives. Although it is challenging to determine the date of first elegy poem, it can be said that elegiac is one of the oldest genres among the poems. Sadness and joy are the two important emotions in human nature. Humans mostly experience two feelings separately; yet sometimes together at the same time. It is possible to see reflections of this in some literary works. During the Umayyad period, the transformation of the caliphate into a structure inherited from father to son brought about some changes and transformations in Arabic literature and led to the birth of new literary genres. One of these types, elegy, is to express condolence and celebration at the same time, that is, both sadness and joy, in literary works. In Arabic literature, this type of elegy is considered a type of iftinā, the art of expressing two opposing themes at the same time. Although the art of iftinān had existed at a conceptual level before, it was first brought into the literature terminologically by Ibn Abi al-Isba. These impressive examples, which constitute the type of elegy in question and are generally expressed by people with quick wit, are worth examining in many respects, thanks to their high literary quality. Literary material on the subject, which has an extraordinary theme due to sadness and joy being expressed together, is scattered in the sources. As far as we can determine from the examples that have survived so far, the addressees of this art are generally the administrative groups. When the examples in the sources are examined, it is seen that condolence and celebration are combined into a single expression on various occasions. These situations, which require mastery and quick wit in terms of language and literature, offer poets and writers the opportunity to display their skills and talents. This phenomenon, which is mostly directed to caliphs, princes, emirs and other statesmen, takes place in palace circles. There is different information in the sources about who was the first person to apply this art, emerging during the Umayyad period, in poetry and prose. In this study, samples of the relevant species found scattered in the sources will be analyzed. The main goal of the article is to analyze from various perspectives these examples in poetry and prose form, where condolences and congratulations, which are a special theme in classical Arabic literature, are expressed together. The importance of this genre, which emerged during the Umayyad period and transformed into a literary structure with its own characteristics in terms of form and content, will be emphasized through examples and its place in Arabic literature will be tried to be revealed. The absence of a separate study on the subject reveals the originality of the article and is thought to contribute to the field in terms of understanding and evaluating the development of the literary genre in question. The study will be conducted based on document analysis, which is one of the qualitative research methods.

 Mankind have lamented for their deaths since their existence, wept for them and written poems and proses to utter their sorrows. Thus, history of lamenting goes back as far as the pain and tragedies occurring in their lives. Although it is challenging to determine the date of first elegy poem, it can be said that elegiac is one of the oldest genres among the poems. Sadness and joy are the two important emotions in human nature. Humans mostly experience two feelings separately; yet sometimes together at the same time. It is possible to see reflections of this in some literary works. During the Umayyad period, the transformation of the caliphate into a structure inherited from father to son brought about some changes and transformations in Arabic literature and led to the birth of new literary genres. One of these types, elegy, is to express condolence and celebration at the same time, that is, both sadness and joy, in literary works. In Arabic literature, this type of elegy is considered a type of iftinā, the art of expressing two opposing themes at the same time. Although the art of iftinān had existed at a conceptual level before, it was first brought into the literature terminologically by Ibn Abi al-Isba. These impressive examples, which constitute the type of elegy in question and are generally expressed by people with quick wit, are worth examining in many respects, thanks to their high literary quality. Literary material on the subject, which has an extraordinary theme due to sadness and joy being expressed together, is scattered in the sources. As far as we can determine from the examples that have survived so far, the addressees of this art are generally the administrative groups. When the examples in the sources are examined, it is seen that condolence and celebration are combined into a single expression on various occasions. These situations, which require mastery and quick wit in terms of language and literature, offer poets and writers the opportunity to display their skills and talents. This phenomenon, which is mostly directed to caliphs, princes, emirs and other statesmen, takes place in palace circles. There is different information in the sources about who was the first person to apply this art, emerging during the Umayyad period, in poetry and prose. In this study, samples of the relevant species found scattered in the sources will be analyzed. The main goal of the article is to analyze from various perspectives these examples in poetry and prose form, where condolences and congratulations, which are a special theme in classical Arabic literature, are expressed together. The importance of this genre, which emerged during the Umayyad period and transformed into a literary structure with its own characteristics in terms of form and content, will be emphasized through examples and its place in Arabic literature will be tried to be revealed. The absence of a separate study on the subject reveals the originality of the article and is thought to contribute to the field in terms of understanding and evaluating the development of the literary genre in question. The study will be conducted based on document analysis, which is one of the qualitative research methods.

 İnsanoğlu ölümle tanıştığından bu yana, ölülerine ağıt yakmış, onlar için ağlamış ve hüznünü dile getirmek için şiirler, nesirler dizmiştir. Buradan hareketle ağıt yakmanın tarihi, insan hayatındaki acı ve trajediler kadar eskiye dayanmaktadır. Arap şiirinde ilk mersiye kasidesinin belirlenmesi zor olmakla beraber mersiyenin şiir konuları içerisinde en eski türlerden biri olduğu söylenebilir. Hüzün ve sevinç insanın fıtratında yer alan önemli iki duygudur. İnsan çoğu zaman bu iki duyguyu ayrı ayrı yaşarken bazen de aynı anda yaşayabilmektedir. Bu durumun yansımalarını edebî eserlerde görmek mümkündür. Emevîler döneminde hilâfetin babadan oğula intikal eden bir yapıya dönüşmesi, Arap edebiyatında bazı değişim-dönüşümleri beraberinde getirmiş ve yeni edebî türlerin doğmasında etkili olmuştur. Bu türlerden biri, mersiye gibi edebî mahsullerde aynı anda taziye ve tebriği yani hem hüznü hem de sevinci dile getirmektir. Arap edebiyatında mersiyenin bu türü, iki zıt temayı aynı anda ifade etme sanatı olan iftinâna karşılık gelmektedir. İftinân sanatı, kavramsal düzeyde daha önce var olmakla birlikte terim olarak ilk defa İbn Ebül-İsba tarafından literatüre kazandırılmıştır. Mersiyenin söz konusu çeşidini oluşturan ve genellikle hazırcevaplık yetisine sahip kişilerin dudaklarından dökülen bu etkileyici örnekler, sahip oldukları yüksek edebî kalite sayesinde birçok açıdan tetkik edilmeye değerdir. Hüznün ve sevincin bir arada dile getirilmesinden dolayı sıra dışı bir temaya bürünen bu konuya dair edebî malzeme, kaynaklarda dağınık biçimde yer almaktadır. Günümüze intikal eden örneklerden tespit edebildiğimiz kadarıyla bu sanatın muhatabı genelde yönetici zümredir. Kaynaklarda yer alan örnekler incelendiğinde çeşitli vesilelerle tek bir ifadeye taziye ve kutlamanın sığdırıldığı görülmektedir. Dil ve edebiyat açısından ustalık ve hazırcevaplık yeteneğini gerektiren bu durumlar şair ve ediplere hüner ve yeteneklerini sergilemek için fırsat sunmaktadır. Çoğunlukla halife, melik, emir ve diğer devlet adamlarına yönelik olan bu olgu, saray muhitlerinde cereyan etmektedir. Emevîler döneminde ortaya çıkan bu sanatı, şiir ve nesirde ilk defa uygulayanın kim olduğu hususunda kaynaklarda farklı bilgiler yer alır. Çalışmada ilgili türe dair kaynaklarda dağınık biçimde bulunan örnekler analiz edilmiştir. Klasik Arap edebiyatında özel bir tema niteliğini taşıyan taziye ve tebrik dileklerinin bir arada dile getirildiği şiir ve nesir formundaki bu örneklerin muhtelif açılardan analizi makalenin temel hedefidir. Emevîler devrinde ortaya çıkan, biçim ve içerik olarak kendine has özellikleri olan bu edebî türün, örnekler üzerinden önemi vurgulanmış ve Arap edebiyatındaki yeri ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Konuya dair müstakil bir çalışmanın olmaması makalenin özgünlüğünü ortaya koymakta ve söz konusu edebî türün gelişimini anlama ve değerlendirme noktasında alana katkı sunacağı düşünülmektedir. Çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizine dayalı olarak yürütülmüştür.

Makale detayları

An Extraordinary Theme in Classical Arabic Elegy Poetry: Joint-Presentation of Condolence and Celebration

Yazarlar:

Mehmet Şirin Aladağ

Yayıncı:

Tekirdag Namik Kemal University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi:

Tasavvur / Tekirdağ İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.10 Issue 1, pp.107-143

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001320435

pISSN:

2619-9130

Arabic Language Rhetoric

Elegy

Iftinān

Condolence

CelebrationsArap Dili Belagatı

Mersiye

İftinân

Taziye

Tebrik

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Mehmet Şirin Aladağ

Yayıncı: Tekirdag Namik Kemal University

Ana Başlıklar: Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi: Tasavvur / Tekirdağ İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.10 Issue 1, pp.107-143

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001320435

pISSN: 2619-9130

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Mehmet Şirin Aladağ

Yayıncı:

Tekirdag Namik Kemal University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi:

Tasavvur / Tekirdağ İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.10 Issue 1, pp.107-143

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001320435

pISSN:

2619-9130