SUFISM IN SOVIET KAZAKHSTAN: THE COMMUNISTS’ ACTIVITIES FOR YASSAWISM AND ISHANISM

Talgat Zholdassuly

Makale detayları

SUFISM IN SOVIET KAZAKHSTAN: THE COMMUNISTS’ ACTIVITIES FOR YASSAWISM AND ISHANISM

Yazarlar:

Talgat Zholdassuly

Yayıncı:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Ana Başlıklar:

Bölgesel Çalışmalar

Dergi:

Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi Issue 109, pp.49-78

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001314028

pISSN:

1306-8253

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The study examines the position of the state in relation to Sufism, including Yassawism and Ishanism in Soviet Kazakhstan. Hence, it will discuss the difficulties and pressure that the ishan and koja accordingly their children faced, namely those living mainly in the southern region of Kazakhstan. Archival documents and memoirs-recordings of the children of isan and kojas have been used as a primary sourse, and secondary sources were used when the former were insufficient. The Soviets took a harsh stance against Yassawism and Ishanism, which can be seen as the traditional Islam of the people. Although the atheist attitude of the state towards the ishan and kojas has never changed, it can be said that the religion policy of the state is constantly changing due to political reasons. In general, the direct actual attack on Yassawism and Ishanism occurred twice during the Soviet period. It can be said that the mass oppression against the ishans and kojas was not as much as in the two periods mentioned, even though there were constant attacks and propaganda against Sufism in other periods. The main reason why the Bolsheviks aimed to abolish Sufism was that it was an obstacle to the formation of an atheist society. Islam, including Yassawism and Ishanism, was not only a matter of peoples faith, but also a matter of culture. Because the traditions of mysticism were connected with the customs and traditions of the people. Therefore, the Bolsheviks were aware of the fact that religion could not be destroyed without destroying the Sufi traditions. As a result, the state attacked Yassawism and Ishanism from various directions and inflicted great damage on it. This article will refer to the activities of the Bolsheviks in this direction and whether they achieved their ultimate goals in a detailed way.

 The study examines the position of the state in relation to Sufism, including Yassawism and Ishanism in Soviet Kazakhstan. Hence, it will discuss the difficulties and pressure that the ishan and koja accordingly their children faced, namely those living mainly in the southern region of Kazakhstan. Archival documents and memoirs-recordings of the children of isan and kojas have been used as a primary sourse, and secondary sources were used when the former were insufficient. The Soviets took a harsh stance against Yassawism and Ishanism, which can be seen as the traditional Islam of the people. Although the atheist attitude of the state towards the ishan and kojas has never changed, it can be said that the religion policy of the state is constantly changing due to political reasons. In general, the direct actual attack on Yassawism and Ishanism occurred twice during the Soviet period. It can be said that the mass oppression against the ishans and kojas was not as much as in the two periods mentioned, even though there were constant attacks and propaganda against Sufism in other periods. The main reason why the Bolsheviks aimed to abolish Sufism was that it was an obstacle to the formation of an atheist society. Islam, including Yassawism and Ishanism, was not only a matter of peoples faith, but also a matter of culture. Because the traditions of mysticism were connected with the customs and traditions of the people. Therefore, the Bolsheviks were aware of the fact that religion could not be destroyed without destroying the Sufi traditions. As a result, the state attacked Yassawism and Ishanism from various directions and inflicted great damage on it. This article will refer to the activities of the Bolsheviks in this direction and whether they achieved their ultimate goals in a detailed way.

 The study examines the position of the state in relation to Sufism, including Yassawism and Ishanism in Soviet Kazakhstan. Hence, it will discuss the difficulties and pressure that the ishan and koja accordingly their children faced, namely those living mainly in the southern region of Kazakhstan. Archival documents and memoirs-recordings of the children of isan and kojas have been used as a primary sourse, and secondary sources were used when the former were insufficient. The Soviets took a harsh stance against Yassawism and Ishanism, which can be seen as the traditional Islam of the people. Although the atheist attitude of the state towards the ishan and kojas has never changed, it can be said that the religion policy of the state is constantly changing due to political reasons. In general, the direct actual attack on Yassawism and Ishanism occurred twice during the Soviet period. It can be said that the mass oppression against the ishans and kojas was not as much as in the two periods mentioned, even though there were constant attacks and propaganda against Sufism in other periods. The main reason why the Bolsheviks aimed to abolish Sufism was that it was an obstacle to the formation of an atheist society. Islam, including Yassawism and Ishanism, was not only a matter of peoples faith, but also a matter of culture. Because the traditions of mysticism were connected with the customs and traditions of the people. Therefore, the Bolsheviks were aware of the fact that religion could not be destroyed without destroying the Sufi traditions. As a result, the state attacked Yassawism and Ishanism from various directions and inflicted great damage on it. This article will refer to the activities of the Bolsheviks in this direction and whether they achieved their ultimate goals in a detailed way.

 Çalışmada, Sovyet Kazakistanda Yesevilik ve işanizm dahil olmak üzere devletin tasavvuf ile ilgili olarak konumu incelemektedir. Çalışmanın amacı da ağırlıklı olarak Kazakistanın güney bölgesinde yaşayan işan ve kojaların ve onların neslinin Sovyet döneminde karşılaştığı zorluklar ve siyasi baskılardan bahsetmek ve analiz etmektir. Araştırmada olabildiğince arşiv belgeleri, işan ve kojaların çocuklarıyla yapılan mülakatların ses kayıtları ve hatıralar gibi birinci el kaynaklara, onların yetersiz kaldığı noktalarda ise ikinci el kaynaklara başvurulmuştur. Genel olarak, Sovyetler, halkın geleneksel İslamı olarak görülebilecek Yeseviliğe ve işanizme karşı sert bir tavır sergilemiştir. Devletin işan ve kojalara yönelik ateist tavrı hiçbir zaman değişmese de siyasi nedenlerle devletin din politikasının sürekli değişmiş olduğu da söylenebilir. Genel olarak, Sovyet döneminde Yesevilik ve işanizme yönelik doğrudan fiili saldırı iki kez gerçekleşmiştir. Diğer dönemlerinde de tasavvufa karşı sürekli saldırı ve propagandalar yapılsa da, söylenen iki dönemdeki gibi işanlara ve kojalara yönelik kitlesel baskının o kadar sert olmadığı söylenebilir. Bolşeviklerin tasavvufu ortadan kaldırmayı amaçlamasının ana nedeni, tasavvufun ateist bir toplum oluşmasına engel teşkil etmesi olmuştur. Yesevilik ve işanizm dahil olmak üzere İslam, halkın sadece bir inanç meselesi değil, aynı zamanda bir kültür meselesi idi. Çünkü tasavvuf gelenekleri halkın örf ve adetleri ve gelenekleri ile bağlantılı olmuştur. Bu sebeple bolşevikler, halkın sufi geleneklerini yok etmeden dinin yok edilemeyeceğini anlamıştır. Bu şekilde devlet Yesevilik ve işanizme çeşitli yönlerden saldırı yaparak ona büyük zararlar vermiştir. Çalışmada bu faaliyetin Sovyet Kazakistanda nasıl uygulandığı sistematik ve kronolojik olarak anlatılarak bolşeviklerin bu yöndeki faaliyetleriyle o nihai amaçlara ulaşıp ulaşamadığından bahsedilmiştir.

Makale detayları

SUFISM IN SOVIET KAZAKHSTAN: THE COMMUNISTS’ ACTIVITIES FOR YASSAWISM AND ISHANISM

Yazarlar:

Talgat Zholdassuly

Yayıncı:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Ana Başlıklar:

Bölgesel Çalışmalar

Dergi:

Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi Issue 109, pp.49-78

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001314028

pISSN:

1306-8253

Yassawism

Soviet Kazakhstan

Religious Politics

Atheism

Islam

Sufism

Ishanism.Yesevilik

Sovyet Kazakistan’ı

Dini Politika

Ateizm

İslam

Tasavvuf

İşanizm.

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Talgat Zholdassuly

Yayıncı: Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Ana Başlıklar: Bölgesel Çalışmalar

Dergi: Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi Issue 109, pp.49-78

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 3/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001314028

pISSN: 1306-8253

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Talgat Zholdassuly

Yayıncı:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Ana Başlıklar:

Bölgesel Çalışmalar

Dergi:

Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi Issue 109, pp.49-78

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001314028

pISSN:

1306-8253