Abū Rashīd al-Nisābūrī's Place in the Mu'tazilite School and his Approach to the Polemics within the School

Edip Yilmaz; Mehmet Zeki İşcan

Makale detayları

Abū Rashīd al-Nisābūrī's Place in the Mu'tazilite School and his Approach to the Polemics within the School

Yazarlar:

Edip Yilmaz | Mehmet Zeki İşcan

Yayıncı:

Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Mezhepleri | Kelam

Dergi:

İlahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi Issue 61, pp.92-105

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001312465

pISSN:

2458-7508

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In this paper, we have examined the position of Abū Rashīd al-Nīsābūrī in the school of Muʿtazila and his approach to the polemics within the school. He was one of the prominent students of Qāḍī ʿAbd al-Jabbār and assumed the leadership of Muʿtazila of Basra after the death of his teacher. Although there is not much information about his life in the sources, it is reported that he belonged to the Baghdād school in the early years of his life and was influenced by the views of Abūl-Ḳāsim al-Balkhī, who had a great reputation in the Khorasan region. In his surviving works, which are written from the perspective of the Basra school, he continues to refer to al-Balkhīs views extensively. The fact that he belonged to the Baghdād school in the early years of his life and later became a member of the Basra school gave him the opportunity to get to know both schools closely. Based on this experience, he wrote a work on the polemics between the two schools and defended the views of Abū Hāshim al-Jubbāʾī against the Baghdād Mutazilites. When we closely examine al-Nīsābūrīs views, we can say that he preserved the Mutazilite point of view to a great extent during the period of the Buwayhids when Shiite tendencies started within the Muʿtazila. Instead of presenting different ideas and approaches, he tried to make the Mutazilite heritage more systematic and understandable by following the path of his teacher. He also put forward some unique approaches. In particular, he criticized early Mutazilite thinkers such as al-Naẓẓām on the issue of sarfa and took an attitude close to the general Sunni view. As al-Shahrastānī states, it is possible to see this close positioning of the Basra Mutazilites to Sunni thought in al-Nīsābūrīs views on prophethood and miracles. In our study, using the documentation technique, al-Nīsābūrīs works that have survived both in manuscript and printed form have been identified. These works were analyzed through content analysis and the results were evaluated.

 In this paper, we have examined the position of Abū Rashīd al-Nīsābūrī in the school of Muʿtazila and his approach to the polemics within the school. He was one of the prominent students of Qāḍī ʿAbd al-Jabbār and assumed the leadership of Muʿtazila of Basra after the death of his teacher. Although there is not much information about his life in the sources, it is reported that he belonged to the Baghdād school in the early years of his life and was influenced by the views of Abūl-Ḳāsim al-Balkhī, who had a great reputation in the Khorasan region. In his surviving works, which are written from the perspective of the Basra school, he continues to refer to al-Balkhīs views extensively. The fact that he belonged to the Baghdād school in the early years of his life and later became a member of the Basra school gave him the opportunity to get to know both schools closely. Based on this experience, he wrote a work on the polemics between the two schools and defended the views of Abū Hāshim al-Jubbāʾī against the Baghdād Mutazilites. When we closely examine al-Nīsābūrīs views, we can say that he preserved the Mutazilite point of view to a great extent during the period of the Buwayhids when Shiite tendencies started within the Muʿtazila. Instead of presenting different ideas and approaches, he tried to make the Mutazilite heritage more systematic and understandable by following the path of his teacher. He also put forward some unique approaches. In particular, he criticized early Mutazilite thinkers such as al-Naẓẓām on the issue of sarfa and took an attitude close to the general Sunni view. As al-Shahrastānī states, it is possible to see this close positioning of the Basra Mutazilites to Sunni thought in al-Nīsābūrīs views on prophethood and miracles. In our study, using the documentation technique, al-Nīsābūrīs works that have survived both in manuscript and printed form have been identified. These works were analyzed through content analysis and the results were evaluated.

 In this paper, we have examined the position of Abū Rashīd al-Nīsābūrī in the school of Muʿtazila and his approach to the polemics within the school. He was one of the prominent students of Qāḍī ʿAbd al-Jabbār and assumed the leadership of Muʿtazila of Basra after the death of his teacher. Although there is not much information about his life in the sources, it is reported that he belonged to the Baghdād school in the early years of his life and was influenced by the views of Abūl-Ḳāsim al-Balkhī, who had a great reputation in the Khorasan region. In his surviving works, which are written from the perspective of the Basra school, he continues to refer to al-Balkhīs views extensively. The fact that he belonged to the Baghdād school in the early years of his life and later became a member of the Basra school gave him the opportunity to get to know both schools closely. Based on this experience, he wrote a work on the polemics between the two schools and defended the views of Abū Hāshim al-Jubbāʾī against the Baghdād Mutazilites. When we closely examine al-Nīsābūrīs views, we can say that he preserved the Mutazilite point of view to a great extent during the period of the Buwayhids when Shiite tendencies started within the Muʿtazila. Instead of presenting different ideas and approaches, he tried to make the Mutazilite heritage more systematic and understandable by following the path of his teacher. He also put forward some unique approaches. In particular, he criticized early Mutazilite thinkers such as al-Naẓẓām on the issue of sarfa and took an attitude close to the general Sunni view. As al-Shahrastānī states, it is possible to see this close positioning of the Basra Mutazilites to Sunni thought in al-Nīsābūrīs views on prophethood and miracles. In our study, using the documentation technique, al-Nīsābūrīs works that have survived both in manuscript and printed form have been identified. These works were analyzed through content analysis and the results were evaluated.

 Çalışmamızda geç dönem Mutezilesinin önemli temsilcilerinden birisi olan Ebû Reşîd en-Nîsâbûrînin Mutezile mezhebindeki konumunu ve ekol içerisindeki polemiklere yaklaşımını ele aldık. Kâdî Abdülcebbârın önde gelen talebelerinden birisi olan Nisâbûrî, hocasının vefatından sonra Basra Mutezilesinin riyasetini üstlenmiştir. Kaynaklarda hayatına dair fazla bilgi bulunmasa da ömrünün ilk yıllarında Bağdat Mutezilesine mensup olduğu ve Horasan bölgesinde büyük bir üne sahip olan Ebül-Kâsım el-Belhînin görüşlerinden etkilendiği aktarılmaktadır. Günümüze ulaşan ve Basra Mutezilesinin bakış açısıyla kaleme alınan eserlerinde Belhînin görüşlerine yoğun bir şekilde atıfta bulunmaya devam etmektedir. Ömrünün ilk yıllarında Bağdat ekolüne mensup olması ve daha sonra Basra ekolüne intisap etmesi, kendisine her iki ekolü yakından tanıma fırsatı sunmuştur. Bu tecrübesinden hareketle iki ekol arasındaki polemiklere dair bir eser telif etmiş ve eserde Ebû Hâşim el-Cübbâînin görüşlerini Bağdat Mutezilesine karşı savunmuştur. Nîsâbûrînin görüşlerini yakından incelediğimiz zaman Mutezile içerisinde Şiî temâyüllerin başladığı Büveyhiler döneminde yaşamasına rağmen Mutezilî bakış açısını büyük oranda muhafaza ettiğini söyleyebiliriz. Farklı fikirler ve yaklaşımlar ileri sürmekten ziyade hocasının yolunu takip ederek Mutezilî mirası daha sistematik ve anlaşılır bir hale getirmeye çalışmıştır. Ayrıca kendine özgü birtakım yaklaşımlar da ileri sürmüştür. Özellikle sarfe konusunda Nazzâm gibi ilk dönem Mutezilî düşünürlere ciddi eleştiriler yönelterek genel sünnî görüşe yakın bir tutum sergilemiştir. Şehristânînin de ifade ettiği üzere Basra Mutezilesinin sünnî düşünceye bu yakın konumlanışını Nîsâbûrînin nübüvvet ve keramet konularında da görmek mümkündür. Çalışmamızda dokümantasyon tekniği kullanılarak Nîsâbûrînin hem yazma hem de matbu olarak günümüze ulaşan eserleri tespit edilmiştir. Bu eserler içerik analizine tabi tutularak incelenmiş ve ulaşılan sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir.

Makale detayları

Abū Rashīd al-Nisābūrī's Place in the Mu'tazilite School and his Approach to the Polemics within the School

Yazarlar:

Edip Yilmaz | Mehmet Zeki İşcan

Yayıncı:

Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Mezhepleri | Kelam

Dergi:

İlahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi Issue 61, pp.92-105

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001312465

pISSN:

2458-7508

History of Islamic Sects

Muʿtazila

al-Nīsābūrī

Sarfa

Baṣra

Bag̲h̲dādİslam Mezhepleri Tarihi

Mu‘tezile

Nîsâbûrî

Sarfe

Basra

Bağdat

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Edip Yilmaz | Mehmet Zeki İşcan

Yayıncı: Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar: İslam Mezhepleri | Kelam

Dergi: İlahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi Issue 61, pp.92-105

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001312465

pISSN: 2458-7508

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Edip Yilmaz | Mehmet Zeki İşcan

Yayıncı:

Ataturk University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Mezhepleri | Kelam

Dergi:

İlahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi Issue 61, pp.92-105

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001312465

pISSN:

2458-7508