A Criticism of the Article Titled “Ṭayr-Cloud Relationship and the Meaning of Surah Elephant” in the Context of Arabic Language, Poetry and Narrations

Tunahan Erdoğan; Elmas Ruşen Barut

Makale detayları

A Criticism of the Article Titled “Ṭayr-Cloud Relationship and the Meaning of Surah Elephant” in the Context of Arabic Language, Poetry and Narrations

Yazarlar:

Tunahan Erdoğan | Elmas Ruşen Barut

Yayıncı:

Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arap Dili ve Belagatı | Hadis | Tefsir

Dergi:

Burdur İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 7, pp.29-75

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001307621

pISSN:

2980-2407

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 This study deals with the criticism of a claim put forward in the article titled Ṭayr-Cloud Relationship and the Meaning of Surah Elephant written by Mehmet Apaydın in terms of the Arabic language, poetry, and narrations. According to Apaydın, the word Ṭayr in Surah Fīl means sand, stone, and soil storm or cloud formed as a result of it. According to the authors claim, the word Ṭayr in the aforementioned surah does not describe the birds throwing stones, but rather the storm, which resulted from a natural event, spreading sand, stone, and soil on Abrahas army. Therefore, according to the author, the verse informs a natural event, not an extraordinary event. In the article, the author put forward the use of the word Ṭayr in the sense of cloud in poems dated to the early period, as well as in verses and some narrations, as evidence to prove his claim. As a result of this research, it has been determined that the poems and narrations put forward in the article are not qualified to prove the authors claim. Poems used as evidence have many problems in terms of Arabic language rules, indicating the meaning meant by the author. These problems can be summarized under the following items: In the poems used as evidence in the related article, sentence elements such as subjects, objects, status, and causal objects were incorrectly identified. The kinds and structure of the words are not taken into account. Adjectives showing that the word Ṭayr is used in the sense of birds are ignored. Object, which is used as a sentence, has been mistranslated. References some pronouns are not taken into account. The words used as definite nouns and indefinite nouns are used outside of their meanings. In the article, it was determined that many rhetoric rules were also neglected. While determining the meaning of the poems and narrations, there are errors caused by the incorrect determination of analogies, which is one of the most important subjects of the science of statement, not being reflected in the translation and not being taken into account. There are interventions to the poem due to the inability to resolve the verbal complexity caused by the problems in the sequence of the sentence elements, and misinterpretations. Since the meanings of some words cannot be determined correctly, mistakes related to lexicology are also noteworthy. There is a substantial number of translation and declension errors in the article. Although some of the wrong translations do not directly affect the correct determination of the meaning of the word Ṭayr, which is the articles claim, these do not comply with the rigor required in a scientific article. In some examples, it is seen that the meanings that have no equivalent in the text are included in the translation. Some analogies, metaphorical expressions, and stylistic forms, which are used as counter-evidence in Arabic poetry, are also not discussed in the article. In various narrations about the Elephant event, many statements that would refute the articles claim were not touched on, and an eclectic approach was displayed among the relevant evidence. The points mentioned make it impossible for the word Ṭayr, which is mentioned in all of the poems and narrations, to signify cloud or storm. Although the author explains almost all of these indications with probabilistic expressions, it is contradictory that he presents his thesis as a definite determination instead of a possible meaning or interpretation in the conclusion part. Although the author stated that some expressions in the narrations about the Elephant event may have been added later, he did not present any evidence to prove this claim. Revealing that the word Ṭayr, which is mentioned in the poems and narrations of the ignorant poets, is used not in the sense of sand, stone, and soil storm or cloud, but in the meaning of birds, will also show that the word Ṭayr in Surah Fīl is also used in the meaning of birds. In addition, this will prove that the word Ṭayr was understood as birds by those who witnessed and reported the event from the first period. On the other hand, it should not be overlooked that the authors claim that the word Ṭayr in Surah Fīl means cloud or storm is a claim that has not been voiced by scholars of tafsīr, hadīth, history, sīrah, and language. Although criticism has been written on Apaydıns work before, the reason for writing this article is due to the detection of many new evidence and examples that have not been touched upon before in the context of Arabic language, poetry, and narrations. In addition, this study contains many original aspects in terms of preference, interpretation, analysis, criticism, inference, and source on the subject.

 Bu çalışma, Ṭayr-Bulut İlişkisi ve Fil Sûresinin Anlamı başlıklı makalede Fîl sûresinde geçen Ṭayr kelimesinin kum-taş-toprak fırtınası ya da bunun neticesinde oluşan bulut anlamına geldiğine yönelik Mehmet Apaydın tarafından dile getirilen iddiaların Arap dili, şiiri ve rivâyetler açısından tenkidini konu edinmektedir. Yazarın iddiasına göre söz konusu sûrede yer alan Ṭayr kelimesi kuşların taş atmasını değil, bir tabiat olayı neticesinde oluşan fırtınanın Ebrehenin ordusu üzerine kum-taş-toprak serpiştirmesini tasvir etmektedir. Dolayısıyla yazara göre âyet olağanüstü özellik taşıyan bir hadiseyi değil, bir tabiat olayını haber vermektedir. Makalede Ṭayr kelimesinin zannedildiği gibi kuşlar değil, kum fırtınasının oluşturduğu bulut kümesi manasına geldiğini ispat etmek için âyetler ve bazı rivâyetlerin yanı sıra erken döneme tarihlendirilen şiirlerde bulut manasında kullanımı delil olarak ileri sürülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda makalede şâhid olarak öne sürülen şiirlerin ve rivâyetlerin yazarın iddiasını ispat bakımından şâhid niteliği taşımadığı tespit edilmiştir. Delil olarak kullanılan şiirlerin yazarın kastettiği manaya delaleti Arap dili kuralları açısından çok sayıda sorun taşımaktadır. Bu sorunlar, ilgili makalede delil olarak kullanılan şiirlerde fâil, mefûlün bih, hâl, mefûlün lieclih gibi cümle ögelerinin yanlış tespittakdir edilmesi; kelimelerin bâblarının ve binâlarının dikkate alınmaması; Ṭayr kelimesinin kuşlar manasında kullanıldığını gösteren sıfatların görmezden gelinmesi; cümle olarak gelen mefûlün bihin hatalı çevirisi; bazı zamirlerin merciinin dikkate alınmaması; marife ve nekra olarak kullanılan kelimelere taşımadıkları anlamlar yüklenmesi gibi başlıklar altında sıralanabilir. Makalede çok sayıda belâgat kuralının da ihmal edildiği tespit edilmiştir. Şiirlerin ve rivâyetlerin anlamı belirlenirken beyân ilminin en önemli konularından biri olan teşbîhlerin yanlış tespitinden, çeviriye yansıtılmamasından ve dikkate alınmamasından kaynaklanan hatalar, cümlenin ögelerinin dizilimindeki problemlerin yol açtığı lafzî takîdin çözümlenememesi neticesinde şiire yapılan müdahaleler ve yanlış yorumlamalar bunlara örnek olarak gösterilebilir. Bazı kelimelerin anlamlarının doğru tespit edilememesinden dolayı lügat ilmini ilgilendiren yanlışlar da dikkat çekmektedir. Makalede azımsanamayacak sayıda çeviri hatası ve bazı irâb hataları bulunmaktadır. Hatalı çevirilerin bazıları makalenin iddiası olan Ṭayr kelimesinin anlamının doğru bir şekilde tespitine doğrudan etki etmemesine rağmen bilimsel bir makalede aranan titizliğe gölge düşürmektedir. Bazı örneklerde metinde karşılığı bulunmayan anlamın çeviriye dâhil edildiği görülmektedir. Arap şiirinde yoğun biçimde kullanılan karşıt delil niteliğindeki bazı teşbîhler, mecâzî anlatımlar ve üslup biçimleri de makalede ele alınmamıştır. Fîl Vakasından bahsedilen çeşitli rivâyetlerde makalenin iddiasını nakzedecek çok sayıda ifadeye de temas edilmemiş, konuyla ilgili deliller arasında seçmeci bir tavır sergilenmiştir. İşaret edilen hususlar, şiirler ve rivâyetlerin tamamında geçen Ṭayr kelimesinin bulut ya da fırtına manasına delaletini imkânsız hale getirmektedir. Yazarın bu delaletlerin neredeyse tamamını ihtimal içeren ifadelerle açıklamasına rağmen sonuç kısmında tezini muhtemel bir anlam ya da tevîl yerine kesinlik içeren bir tespit olarak sunması çelişki içermektedir. Yazar Fîl Vakasından bahseden rivâyetlerde yer alan bazı ifadelerin müdrec olabileceğini dile getirmesine rağmen bu iddiasını ispat edecek delil ortaya koymamıştır. Câhiliyye şâirlerinin şiirlerinde ve rivâyetlerde geçen Ṭayr kelimesinin kum fırtınası ya da bulut manasında değil, kuşlar manasında kullanıldığının ortaya konulması aynı zamanda Fîl sûresindeki Ṭayr kelimesinin de kuşlar manasında kullanıldığını ve ilk dönemden itibaren olaya şahitlik edenler ve aktaranlar tarafından kuşlar manasında anlaşıldığını gösterecektir. Diğer taraftan yazarın Fîl sûresindeki Ṭayr kelimesinin bulut ya da fırtına manasına geldiği iddiasının bugüne kadar tefsir, hadis, tarih, siyer ve dil âlimleri tarafından dile getirilmeyen bir iddia olduğu da gözden kaçırılmamalıdır. Apaydının çalışması üzerine daha önce bir eleştiri kaleme alınmış olmasına rağmen bu makalenin yazılma gerekçesi Arap dili, şiiri ve rivâyetler bağlamında daha önce temas edilmeyen çok sayıda yeni delil ve örnek tespit edilmesinden dolayıdır. Ayrıca bu çalışma konuya dair tercih, yorum, analiz, eleştiri, istidlal ve kaynak bakımından çok sayıda özgün yön ihtiva etmektedir.

 This study deals with the criticism of a claim put forward in the article titled Ṭayr-Cloud Relationship and the Meaning of Surah Elephant written by Mehmet Apaydın in terms of the Arabic language, poetry, and narrations. According to Apaydın, the word Ṭayr in Surah Fīl means sand, stone, and soil storm or cloud formed as a result of it. According to the authors claim, the word Ṭayr in the aforementioned surah does not describe the birds throwing stones, but rather the storm, which resulted from a natural event, spreading sand, stone, and soil on Abrahas army. Therefore, according to the author, the verse informs a natural event, not an extraordinary event. In the article, the author put forward the use of the word Ṭayr in the sense of cloud in poems dated to the early period, as well as in verses and some narrations, as evidence to prove his claim. As a result of this research, it has been determined that the poems and narrations put forward in the article are not qualified to prove the authors claim. Poems used as evidence have many problems in terms of Arabic language rules, indicating the meaning meant by the author. These problems can be summarized under the following items: In the poems used as evidence in the related article, sentence elements such as subjects, objects, status, and causal objects were incorrectly identified. The kinds and structure of the words are not taken into account. Adjectives showing that the word Ṭayr is used in the sense of birds are ignored. Object, which is used as a sentence, has been mistranslated. References some pronouns are not taken into account. The words used as definite nouns and indefinite nouns are used outside of their meanings. In the article, it was determined that many rhetoric rules were also neglected. While determining the meaning of the poems and narrations, there are errors caused by the incorrect determination of analogies, which is one of the most important subjects of the science of statement, not being reflected in the translation and not being taken into account. There are interventions to the poem due to the inability to resolve the verbal complexity caused by the problems in the sequence of the sentence elements, and misinterpretations. Since the meanings of some words cannot be determined correctly, mistakes related to lexicology are also noteworthy. There is a substantial number of translation and declension errors in the article. Although some of the wrong translations do not directly affect the correct determination of the meaning of the word Ṭayr, which is the articles claim, these do not comply with the rigor required in a scientific article. In some examples, it is seen that the meanings that have no equivalent in the text are included in the translation. Some analogies, metaphorical expressions, and stylistic forms, which are used as counter-evidence in Arabic poetry, are also not discussed in the article. In various narrations about the Elephant event, many statements that would refute the articles claim were not touched on, and an eclectic approach was displayed among the relevant evidence. The points mentioned make it impossible for the word Ṭayr, which is mentioned in all of the poems and narrations, to signify cloud or storm. Although the author explains almost all of these indications with probabilistic expressions, it is contradictory that he presents his thesis as a definite determination instead of a possible meaning or interpretation in the conclusion part. Although the author stated that some expressions in the narrations about the Elephant event may have been added later, he did not present any evidence to prove this claim. Revealing that the word Ṭayr, which is mentioned in the poems and narrations of the ignorant poets, is used not in the sense of sand, stone, and soil storm or cloud, but in the meaning of birds, will also show that the word Ṭayr in Surah Fīl is also used in the meaning of birds. In addition, this will prove that the word Ṭayr was understood as birds by those who witnessed and reported the event from the first period. On the other hand, it should not be overlooked that the authors claim that the word Ṭayr in Surah Fīl means cloud or storm is a claim that has not been voiced by scholars of tafsīr, hadīth, history, sīrah, and language. Although criticism has been written on Apaydıns work before, the reason for writing this article is due to the detection of many new evidence and examples that have not been touched upon before in the context of Arabic language, poetry, and narrations. In addition, this study contains many original aspects in terms of preference, interpretation, analysis, criticism, inference, and source on the subject.

 This study deals with the criticism of a claim put forward in the article titled Ṭayr-Cloud Relationship and the Meaning of Surah Elephant written by Mehmet Apaydın in terms of the Arabic language, poetry, and narrations. According to Apaydın, the word Ṭayr in Surah Fīl means sand, stone, and soil storm or cloud formed as a result of it. According to the authors claim, the word Ṭayr in the aforementioned surah does not describe the birds throwing stones, but rather the storm, which resulted from a natural event, spreading sand, stone, and soil on Abrahas army. Therefore, according to the author, the verse informs a natural event, not an extraordinary event. In the article, the author put forward the use of the word Ṭayr in the sense of cloud in poems dated to the early period, as well as in verses and some narrations, as evidence to prove his claim. As a result of this research, it has been determined that the poems and narrations put forward in the article are not qualified to prove the authors claim. Poems used as evidence have many problems in terms of Arabic language rules, indicating the meaning meant by the author. These problems can be summarized under the following items: In the poems used as evidence in the related article, sentence elements such as subjects, objects, status, and causal objects were incorrectly identified. The kinds and structure of the words are not taken into account. Adjectives showing that the word Ṭayr is used in the sense of birds are ignored. Object, which is used as a sentence, has been mistranslated. References some pronouns are not taken into account. The words used as definite nouns and indefinite nouns are used outside of their meanings. In the article, it was determined that many rhetoric rules were also neglected. While determining the meaning of the poems and narrations, there are errors caused by the incorrect determination of analogies, which is one of the most important subjects of the science of statement, not being reflected in the translation and not being taken into account. There are interventions to the poem due to the inability to resolve the verbal complexity caused by the problems in the sequence of the sentence elements, and misinterpretations. Since the meanings of some words cannot be determined correctly, mistakes related to lexicology are also noteworthy. There is a substantial number of translation and declension errors in the article. Although some of the wrong translations do not directly affect the correct determination of the meaning of the word Ṭayr, which is the articles claim, these do not comply with the rigor required in a scientific article. In some examples, it is seen that the meanings that have no equivalent in the text are included in the translation. Some analogies, metaphorical expressions, and stylistic forms, which are used as counter-evidence in Arabic poetry, are also not discussed in the article. In various narrations about the Elephant event, many statements that would refute the articles claim were not touched on, and an eclectic approach was displayed among the relevant evidence. The points mentioned make it impossible for the word Ṭayr, which is mentioned in all of the poems and narrations, to signify cloud or storm. Although the author explains almost all of these indications with probabilistic expressions, it is contradictory that he presents his thesis as a definite determination instead of a possible meaning or interpretation in the conclusion part. Although the author stated that some expressions in the narrations about the Elephant event may have been added later, he did not present any evidence to prove this claim. Revealing that the word Ṭayr, which is mentioned in the poems and narrations of the ignorant poets, is used not in the sense of sand, stone, and soil storm or cloud, but in the meaning of birds, will also show that the word Ṭayr in Surah Fīl is also used in the meaning of birds. In addition, this will prove that the word Ṭayr was understood as birds by those who witnessed and reported the event from the first period. On the other hand, it should not be overlooked that the authors claim that the word Ṭayr in Surah Fīl means cloud or storm is a claim that has not been voiced by scholars of tafsīr, hadīth, history, sīrah, and language. Although criticism has been written on Apaydıns work before, the reason for writing this article is due to the detection of many new evidence and examples that have not been touched upon before in the context of Arabic language, poetry, and narrations. In addition, this study contains many original aspects in terms of preference, interpretation, analysis, criticism, inference, and source on the subject.

Makale detayları

A Criticism of the Article Titled “Ṭayr-Cloud Relationship and the Meaning of Surah Elephant” in the Context of Arabic Language, Poetry and Narrations

Yazarlar:

Tunahan Erdoğan | Elmas Ruşen Barut

Yayıncı:

Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arap Dili ve Belagatı | Hadis | Tefsir

Dergi:

Burdur İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 7, pp.29-75

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001307621

pISSN:

2980-2407

Tafsīr

Arabic Language and Rhetoric

Hadīth

Surah Al-Fīl

Ṭayr

Bird

Cloud

AbābīlTefsir

Arap Dili ve Belâgatı

Hadis

Fîl Sûresi

Ṭayr

Kuş

Bulut

Ebâbîl

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Tunahan Erdoğan | Elmas Ruşen Barut

Yayıncı: Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University

Ana Başlıklar: Arap Dili ve Belagatı | Hadis | Tefsir

Dergi: Burdur İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 7, pp.29-75

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001307621

pISSN: 2980-2407

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Tunahan Erdoğan | Elmas Ruşen Barut

Yayıncı:

Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arap Dili ve Belagatı | Hadis | Tefsir

Dergi:

Burdur İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 7, pp.29-75

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001307621

pISSN:

2980-2407