THE PROBLEMATIC OF LITERATURE IN KINALIZADE ALI'S AHLAQ-I ALAI

Bünyamin Taş

Makale detayları

THE PROBLEMATIC OF LITERATURE IN KINALIZADE ALI'S AHLAQ-I ALAI

Yazarlar:

Bünyamin Taş

Yayıncı:

Cukurova University

Ana Başlıklar:

Osmanlı Sahası Klasik Türk Edebiyatı

Dergi:

Çukurova Üniversitesi Türkoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.9 Issue 1, pp.583-601

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001320176

pISSN:

2587-1900

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The concept of literature as it is used today is not encountered in Ottoman Turkish literature before the modern period. In this respect, in the aforementioned period, there was no clear and widespread evaluation and comprehension such as classifying literature under the concept of art as one of the special, respected and privileged occupations by separating it from other human activities. Consequently, in the period in question, no detached works were written directly on literature itself within the framework of aesthetic and poetic principles. Instead, there are fragmentary evaluations about one or rarely both of the two most basic forms of literary text, poetry and prose, scattered in various works ranging from canon law books to poet tezkires biography and anthology books. One of the rare works containing such evaluations is Ahlaq-i Alai. Ahlaq-i Alai is a work that attracted great attention from the day it was written until the end of the Ottoman Empire. For this reason, it is considered one of the main texts in understanding Ottoman thought. In the work, which can be described as a general ethical book, literary texts written in both poetry and prose are also discussed, including issues related to language. In this article, firstly, the sections of Ahlaq-i Alai that deal with literary issues as a problematic have been identified and the authors discourses on prose and poetry have been tried to be evaluated in a holistic manner. The author of Ahlaq-i Alai analysed the subject of language neither in the context of grammar nor aesthetics nor etiquette. Like many of his contemporaries, he was primarily and almost exclusively concerned with the religious judgement of speech. Therefore, in Ahlâq-ı Alâî, literary utterances are taken as a problematic of the moral field determined within the framework of religious criteria and subjected to the judgement of right and wrong. In this respect, all kinds of literary actions that were not deemed necessary and useful were considered as objectionable and even prohibited activities. The criterion of necessity and usefulness was determined as basic needs and religion. In other words, all kinds of verbal actions other than those that are necessary to sustain daily life and religious ones such as prayer, reading the Quran, dhikr, etc. have been included in the scope of harm. Even religious words have been presented as being liable to calamity if they are uttered by unsuitable people. Literary activity was considered legitimate only if it was carried out by competent people, namely Islamic scholars, and for a sacred purpose; otherwise, it was considered unnecessary and harmful. However, it is not possible to say that the work and the author are fully consistent in these matters.

 The concept of literature as it is used today is not encountered in Ottoman Turkish literature before the modern period. In this respect, in the aforementioned period, there was no clear and widespread evaluation and comprehension such as classifying literature under the concept of art as one of the special, respected and privileged occupations by separating it from other human activities. Consequently, in the period in question, no detached works were written directly on literature itself within the framework of aesthetic and poetic principles. Instead, there are fragmentary evaluations about one or rarely both of the two most basic forms of literary text, poetry and prose, scattered in various works ranging from canon law books to poet tezkires biography and anthology books. One of the rare works containing such evaluations is Ahlaq-i Alai. Ahlaq-i Alai is a work that attracted great attention from the day it was written until the end of the Ottoman Empire. For this reason, it is considered one of the main texts in understanding Ottoman thought. In the work, which can be described as a general ethical book, literary texts written in both poetry and prose are also discussed, including issues related to language. In this article, firstly, the sections of Ahlaq-i Alai that deal with literary issues as a problematic have been identified and the authors discourses on prose and poetry have been tried to be evaluated in a holistic manner. The author of Ahlaq-i Alai analysed the subject of language neither in the context of grammar nor aesthetics nor etiquette. Like many of his contemporaries, he was primarily and almost exclusively concerned with the religious judgement of speech. Therefore, in Ahlâq-ı Alâî, literary utterances are taken as a problematic of the moral field determined within the framework of religious criteria and subjected to the judgement of right and wrong. In this respect, all kinds of literary actions that were not deemed necessary and useful were considered as objectionable and even prohibited activities. The criterion of necessity and usefulness was determined as basic needs and religion. In other words, all kinds of verbal actions other than those that are necessary to sustain daily life and religious ones such as prayer, reading the Quran, dhikr, etc. have been included in the scope of harm. Even religious words have been presented as being liable to calamity if they are uttered by unsuitable people. Literary activity was considered legitimate only if it was carried out by competent people, namely Islamic scholars, and for a sacred purpose; otherwise, it was considered unnecessary and harmful. However, it is not possible to say that the work and the author are fully consistent in these matters.

 The concept of literature as it is used today is not encountered in Ottoman Turkish literature before the modern period. In this respect, in the aforementioned period, there was no clear and widespread evaluation and comprehension such as classifying literature under the concept of art as one of the special, respected and privileged occupations by separating it from other human activities. Consequently, in the period in question, no detached works were written directly on literature itself within the framework of aesthetic and poetic principles. Instead, there are fragmentary evaluations about one or rarely both of the two most basic forms of literary text, poetry and prose, scattered in various works ranging from canon law books to poet tezkires biography and anthology books. One of the rare works containing such evaluations is Ahlaq-i Alai. Ahlaq-i Alai is a work that attracted great attention from the day it was written until the end of the Ottoman Empire. For this reason, it is considered one of the main texts in understanding Ottoman thought. In the work, which can be described as a general ethical book, literary texts written in both poetry and prose are also discussed, including issues related to language. In this article, firstly, the sections of Ahlaq-i Alai that deal with literary issues as a problematic have been identified and the authors discourses on prose and poetry have been tried to be evaluated in a holistic manner. The author of Ahlaq-i Alai analysed the subject of language neither in the context of grammar nor aesthetics nor etiquette. Like many of his contemporaries, he was primarily and almost exclusively concerned with the religious judgement of speech. Therefore, in Ahlâq-ı Alâî, literary utterances are taken as a problematic of the moral field determined within the framework of religious criteria and subjected to the judgement of right and wrong. In this respect, all kinds of literary actions that were not deemed necessary and useful were considered as objectionable and even prohibited activities. The criterion of necessity and usefulness was determined as basic needs and religion. In other words, all kinds of verbal actions other than those that are necessary to sustain daily life and religious ones such as prayer, reading the Quran, dhikr, etc. have been included in the scope of harm. Even religious words have been presented as being liable to calamity if they are uttered by unsuitable people. Literary activity was considered legitimate only if it was carried out by competent people, namely Islamic scholars, and for a sacred purpose; otherwise, it was considered unnecessary and harmful. However, it is not possible to say that the work and the author are fully consistent in these matters.

 Günümüzde kullanıldığı biçimiyle edebiyat kavramına modern dönem öncesi Osmanlı Türk yazınında rastlanmaz. Bu itibarla anılan dönemde edebiyatı diğer insan eylemlerinden ayırıp özel, saygın ve ayrıcalıklı uğraşlardan biri olmak üzere sanat kavramı altında tasnif etmek gibi açık ve yaygın bir değerlendirme ve kavrayış biçimi de yoktur. Hâliyle söz konusu dönemde, estetik ve poetik esaslar çerçevesinde doğrudan edebiyatın kendisini konu edinen müstakil eserler yazılmamıştır. Bunun yerine edebî sözün en temel iki formu olan şiir ve düzyazıdan biri veya nadiren ikisi hakkında, fıkıh kitaplarından şair tezkirelerine kadar muhtelif eserlere dağılmış hâlde bulunan parçalı değerlendirmeler söz konusudur. Bu tür değerlendirmeleri içeren nadir eserlerden biri de Ahlâk-ı Alâîdir. Ahlâk-ı Alâî yazıldığı günden Osmanlı Devletinin sonuna kadar yoğun ilgi görmüş bir eserdir. Bu sebeple Osmanlı düşüncesini anlama konusunda ana metinlerden biri kabul edilmektedir. Genel bir ahlak kitabı olarak nitelenebilecek eserde dille ilgili konulardan olmak üzere gerek şiir gerek düzyazı biçiminde yazılan edebî metinler de ele alınmıştır. Bu yazıda öncelikle Ahlâk-ı Alâînin bir problematik olarak edebî konuları ele alan bölümleri tespit edilmiş ve yazarın düzyazı ve şiire ilişkin söylemleri bütüncül bir şekilde değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ahlâk-ı Alâî yazarı dil konusunu ne gramer ne estetik ne de adabımuaşeret bağlamında incelemiştir. Çağdaşı birçok yazar gibi o da öncelikle ve neredeyse yalnızca sözün dinî hükmüyle ilgilenmiştir. Dolayısıyla Ahlâk-ı Alâîde edebî sözler de dinî ölçütler çerçevesinde belirlenen ahlaki alanın bir sorunsalı olarak ele alınıp doğru-yanlış yargılamasına konu edilmiştir. Bu itibarla gerekli ve yararlı görülmeyen her türlü edebî eylem sakıncalı ve hatta yasaklı faaliyetler kapsamına sokulmuştur. Gereklilik ve yararlılığın ölçütü ise temel ihtiyaçlar ve din olarak belirlenmiştir. Yani gündelik yaşamı sürdürebilmek için gereken zaruri sözler ve dua, Kuran okumak, zikir vb. dinî olanlar dışındaki her türlü sözel eylem zarar kapsamına alınmıştır. Hatta dinî olan sözler bile uygun görülmeyen kimselerce söylenmesi hâlinde musibete müstahak olarak takdim edilmiştir. Edebî faaliyet yalnızca ehlince, yani âlimlerce ve kutsal bir amaca dönük olması hâlinde meşru kabul edilip aksi her durumda gereksiz ve zararlı görülmüştür. Ancak bu konularda eser ve yazarın tam anlamıyla tutarlı olduklarını söylemek mümkün değildir.

Makale detayları

THE PROBLEMATIC OF LITERATURE IN KINALIZADE ALI'S AHLAQ-I ALAI

Yazarlar:

Bünyamin Taş

Yayıncı:

Cukurova University

Ana Başlıklar:

Osmanlı Sahası Klasik Türk Edebiyatı

Dergi:

Çukurova Üniversitesi Türkoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.9 Issue 1, pp.583-601

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001320176

pISSN:

2587-1900

Kinalizade Ali

Ahlaq-i Alai

LiteratureKınalızâde Ali

Ahlâk-ı Alâ’î

Edebiyat

Sayı

Makale detayları

THE PROBLEMATIC OF LITERATURE IN KINALIZADE ALI'S AHLAQ-I ALAI

Yazarlar: Bünyamin Taş

Yayıncı: Cukurova University

Ana Başlıklar: Osmanlı Sahası Klasik Türk Edebiyatı

Dergi: Çukurova Üniversitesi Türkoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.9 Issue 1, pp.583-601

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001320176

pISSN: 2587-1900

Kinalizade Ali

Ahlaq-i Alai

LiteratureKınalızâde Ali

Ahlâk-ı Alâ’î

Edebiyat

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Bünyamin Taş

Yayıncı:

Cukurova University

Ana Başlıklar:

Osmanlı Sahası Klasik Türk Edebiyatı

Dergi:

Çukurova Üniversitesi Türkoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.9 Issue 1, pp.583-601

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001320176

pISSN:

2587-1900