An Overview of the Copper Coins of Muzafferüddin Kökböri, Atabeg of the Begteginids

Emre Günay; Rahime Gökçe

Makale detayları

An Overview of the Copper Coins of Muzafferüddin Kökböri, Atabeg of the Begteginids

Yazarlar:

Emre Günay | Rahime Gökçe

Yayıncı:

Van Yuzuncu Yıl University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sanat Tarihi | Nümizmatik

Dergi:

Van İnsani ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Issue 6, pp.22-36

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001306834

pISSN:

2792-0364

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 This study aims to analyze four rare copper coins of Muzafferüddin Kökböri, the atabee of the Begteginids, in the inventory of the American Numismatic Association and Zeno.ru in terms of numismatics. The Begteginids were a Turkish atabeyate that ruled in Erbil, Shahrizor, Hakkari, Tikrik, Sinjar, Harran and the surrounding areas between 1144 and 1232 AD. The principality was named after its founder Zeynüddin Ali Küçüks father Begtegin. The other name of the principality is also referred to as Erbil Atabeglik since its center city was Erbil. The available information about the origin of the Begteginites, whom the sources call Turk, Turki, Turkman and Turkmani, does not go beyond the fact that Zeynüddin Ali Küçüks father was Begtegin. Within the scope of this study, four copper coins of the Begteginid ruler Muzaffer al-Din Kökböri, which are very rare among Islamic coins, were analyzed. The coins were minted with hammer forging technique and differ from each other in diameter and weight. All of the texts on the coins are written in kufic Arabic script. Most of the textual content consists of the minting information that gives the coin its identity. Three of the coins are inscribed with the place of minting and the date of minting. Along with the minting information, the coins are inscribed with the names and titles of Muzaffar al-Din Kökböri, the mintor, the Ayyubid ruler Saladin Ayyub, the Abbasid caliph Nasser Lidinillah, and the caliphs successor Zahir Biemrillah. There are also phrases such as the besmele and Kelime-i Tevhid, which give the coins a religious character. The geometric ornamentation on all the coins follows the traditional forms on Islamic coins. The geometric forms consist of a straight line or pearlized contour. In addition to geometric arrangements, the use of figural depictions on the coins is also noteworthy. The decorations seen on the coins have intense similarities with the coins of the Turkish states that ruled in Iraq, Syria and Anatolia in the Middle Ages. It is possible to say that political connections, trade relations and cultural interactions were the main determinants of this situation. The copper coins minted by Muzaffer al-Din Kökböri provide general information about the political status and economic situation of the Begteginids atabegligi. Moreover, considering that almost all of the Begteginid artworks have not survived to the present day, these coins reveal partial data about the artistic and aesthetic understanding of the principality.

 This study aims to analyze four rare copper coins of Muzafferüddin Kökböri, the atabee of the Begteginids, in the inventory of the American Numismatic Association and Zeno.ru in terms of numismatics. The Begteginids were a Turkish atabeyate that ruled in Erbil, Shahrizor, Hakkari, Tikrik, Sinjar, Harran and the surrounding areas between 1144 and 1232 AD. The principality was named after its founder Zeynüddin Ali Küçüks father Begtegin. The other name of the principality is also referred to as Erbil Atabeglik since its center city was Erbil. The available information about the origin of the Begteginites, whom the sources call Turk, Turki, Turkman and Turkmani, does not go beyond the fact that Zeynüddin Ali Küçüks father was Begtegin. Within the scope of this study, four copper coins of the Begteginid ruler Muzaffer al-Din Kökböri, which are very rare among Islamic coins, were analyzed. The coins were minted with hammer forging technique and differ from each other in diameter and weight. All of the texts on the coins are written in kufic Arabic script. Most of the textual content consists of the minting information that gives the coin its identity. Three of the coins are inscribed with the place of minting and the date of minting. Along with the minting information, the coins are inscribed with the names and titles of Muzaffar al-Din Kökböri, the mintor, the Ayyubid ruler Saladin Ayyub, the Abbasid caliph Nasser Lidinillah, and the caliphs successor Zahir Biemrillah. There are also phrases such as the besmele and Kelime-i Tevhid, which give the coins a religious character. The geometric ornamentation on all the coins follows the traditional forms on Islamic coins. The geometric forms consist of a straight line or pearlized contour. In addition to geometric arrangements, the use of figural depictions on the coins is also noteworthy. The decorations seen on the coins have intense similarities with the coins of the Turkish states that ruled in Iraq, Syria and Anatolia in the Middle Ages. It is possible to say that political connections, trade relations and cultural interactions were the main determinants of this situation. The copper coins minted by Muzaffer al-Din Kökböri provide general information about the political status and economic situation of the Begteginids atabegligi. Moreover, considering that almost all of the Begteginid artworks have not survived to the present day, these coins reveal partial data about the artistic and aesthetic understanding of the principality.

 This study aims to analyze four rare copper coins of Muzafferüddin Kökböri, the atabee of the Begteginids, in the inventory of the American Numismatic Association and Zeno.ru in terms of numismatics. The Begteginids were a Turkish atabeyate that ruled in Erbil, Shahrizor, Hakkari, Tikrik, Sinjar, Harran and the surrounding areas between 1144 and 1232 AD. The principality was named after its founder Zeynüddin Ali Küçüks father Begtegin. The other name of the principality is also referred to as Erbil Atabeglik since its center city was Erbil. The available information about the origin of the Begteginites, whom the sources call Turk, Turki, Turkman and Turkmani, does not go beyond the fact that Zeynüddin Ali Küçüks father was Begtegin. Within the scope of this study, four copper coins of the Begteginid ruler Muzaffer al-Din Kökböri, which are very rare among Islamic coins, were analyzed. The coins were minted with hammer forging technique and differ from each other in diameter and weight. All of the texts on the coins are written in kufic Arabic script. Most of the textual content consists of the minting information that gives the coin its identity. Three of the coins are inscribed with the place of minting and the date of minting. Along with the minting information, the coins are inscribed with the names and titles of Muzaffar al-Din Kökböri, the mintor, the Ayyubid ruler Saladin Ayyub, the Abbasid caliph Nasser Lidinillah, and the caliphs successor Zahir Biemrillah. There are also phrases such as the besmele and Kelime-i Tevhid, which give the coins a religious character. The geometric ornamentation on all the coins follows the traditional forms on Islamic coins. The geometric forms consist of a straight line or pearlized contour. In addition to geometric arrangements, the use of figural depictions on the coins is also noteworthy. The decorations seen on the coins have intense similarities with the coins of the Turkish states that ruled in Iraq, Syria and Anatolia in the Middle Ages. It is possible to say that political connections, trade relations and cultural interactions were the main determinants of this situation. The copper coins minted by Muzaffer al-Din Kökböri provide general information about the political status and economic situation of the Begteginids atabegligi. Moreover, considering that almost all of the Begteginid artworks have not survived to the present day, these coins reveal partial data about the artistic and aesthetic understanding of the principality.

 Bu çalışma, Amerikan Nümismatik Derneği ve Zeno.ru envanterinde yer alan Begteginliler atabegi Muzafferüddin Kökböriye ait dört bakır sikkenin numizmatik bilimi açısından irdelenmesini amaçlanmaktadır. Begteginliler, M.1144-M.1232 yılları arasında Erbil, Şehrizor, Hakkari, Tikrik, Sincar, Harran ve çevresinde hüküm süren Türk atabegliğidir. Beylik adını kurucusu Zeynüddin Ali Küçükün babası Begteginden almıştır. Beyliğin diğer adı merkez şehrinin Erbil olması dolayısıyla Erbil Atabegliği olarak da zikredilmektedir. Kaynakların Türk, Türki, Türkman ve Türkmani olarak adlandırdığı Begteginlilerin kökeni hakkında mevcut bilgiler Zeynüddin Ali Küçükün babasının Begtegin olduğundan ileri gitmemektedir. Çalışma kapsamında İslam sikkeleri içerisinde oldukça nadir bulunan Begteginli hükümdarı Muzafferüddin Kökböriye ait dört bakır sikke incelenmiştir. Çekiç ile dövme tekniğiyle darp edilen sikkelerin çap ve ağırlık ölçüleri birbirinden farklılık göstermektedir. Sikkelerde bulunan metinlerin tamamı kufi karakterli Arap alfabesiyle yazılmıştır. Metin içeriklerinin büyük çoğunluğu sikkeye kimlik kazandıran darp bilgilerinden oluşmaktadır. Sikkelerinin üç tanesinde darp yerlerinin ve darp tarihlerinin yazıldığı görülmektedir. Darp bilgileri ile birlikte sikkeler üzerine sikkeyi darp ettiren Muzafferüddin Kökbörinin, Eyyübi hükümdarı Selahaddin Eyyübün, Abbasi halifesi Nasır Lidinillahın ve halife varisi Zahir Biemrillahın adları ve unvanları yazılmıştır. Ayrıca sikkelerde dini karakter kazandıran besmele ve Kelime-i Tevhid gibi ibareler de mevcuttur. Sikkelerin tamamında görülen geometrik bezemeler, İslami sikkeler üzerinde gelenekselmiş formları takip etmektedir. Geometrik formlar, düz hatlı veya inci dizili konturdan meydana gelmektedir. Sikkelerde geometrik düzenlemelerin yanı sıra figürlü tasvirlerin kullanımıda dikkat çekmektedir. Sikkelerin üzerinde görülen bezemeler, Orta Çağda Irak, Suriye ve Anadoluda hüküm süren Türk devletlerin sikkeleriylede yoğun bezerlikler taşımaktadır. Bu durumun belirleyici etkenlerinin başında siyasi bağlantıların, ticari ilişkilerin ve kültürel etkileşimlerin olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Muzafferüddin Kökbörinin darp ettirdiği bakır sikkeler, Begteginliler atabeğliginin siyasi statüsü ve ekonomik durumu hakkında genel bilgiler vermektedir. Ayrıca Begteginlilere ait sanat eserlerinin neredeyse tamamına yakınının günümüze ulaşmadığı düşünüldüğünde bu sikkeler, beyliğin sanat ve estetik anlayışı hakkında, kısmi verileri ortaya koymaktadır.

Makale detayları

An Overview of the Copper Coins of Muzafferüddin Kökböri, Atabeg of the Begteginids

Yazarlar:

Emre Günay | Rahime Gökçe

Yayıncı:

Van Yuzuncu Yıl University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sanat Tarihi | Nümizmatik

Dergi:

Van İnsani ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Issue 6, pp.22-36

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001306834

pISSN:

2792-0364

Begteginids

Erbil

Muzaffer al-Din Kokböri

Copper

CoinBegteginliler

Erbil

Muzafferüddin Kökböri

Bakır

Sikke

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Emre Günay | Rahime Gökçe

Yayıncı: Van Yuzuncu Yıl University

Ana Başlıklar: Sanat Tarihi | Nümizmatik

Dergi: Van İnsani ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Issue 6, pp.22-36

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001306834

pISSN: 2792-0364

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Emre Günay | Rahime Gökçe

Yayıncı:

Van Yuzuncu Yıl University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sanat Tarihi | Nümizmatik

Dergi:

Van İnsani ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Issue 6, pp.22-36

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001306834

pISSN:

2792-0364