Muslim-Christian Relations in the Context of Intercultural Interaction and Armenian Events: Chungush Muslims and Christians

Aykut Özer

Makale detayları

Muslim-Christian Relations in the Context of Intercultural Interaction and Armenian Events: Chungush Muslims and Christians

Yazarlar:

Aykut Özer

Yayıncı:

Ordu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hrıstiyanlık Araştırmaları | Karşılaştırmalı Dini Araştırmalar | İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi:

Ordu İlahiyat Issue 4, pp.1-22

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001343665

pISSN:

3062-0287

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Muslim-Christian relations have created a multifaceted interaction network in various fields such as religion, politics, culture and economy throughout history. These relationships have sometimes appeared as cooperation and interaction, and sometimes as rupture and divergences. While the sacred structure of both religions has created common points in their belief systems, different theological approaches have also brought about divergences over time. The relations between Muslims and Christian Armenians, who have lived together for many years in Chungush, one of the most important cultural and religious centers of the Southeast Anatolian Region, is an important example of this. This article examines the relations between the Muslim and Christian Armenian communities living in Chungush district from the period when they were assumed to have first s settled in the region to the Ottoman Empire and the early years of the Republic, from a multidimensional perspective of their historical, social and economic connections. In addition to the social, cultural and economic interactions in the historical process, the research also examines the local reflections of historical ruptures, such as the Armenian events that occurred throughout the country. In this context, the study aims to reveal the extent of cultural interaction by identifying the similarities and differences between the two communities. The study provides a comprehensive methodological framework to examine the multicultural structure of Chungush and the interaction between different ethnic and religious groups. Furthermore, this study discusses how the social order under the rule of various sovereignties shaped the relations between these two communities, especially through local administrative policies, religious and cultural differences and economic sharing. While the common life practices, commercial cooperation and interactions in daily life between Muslims and Christian Armenians are detailed, it also examines how they changed in the context of developments in the 19th century, international pressures and the Armenian issue. The effects of conflict, separation and forced migrations on the social structure in Chungush as of the early 20th century are also discussed. Especially in these centuries, the changes in the political structure of the Ottoman Empire and the effects of external powers were reflected in the relations between the two communities. The study discusses the social and cultural consequences of all these developments on the two communities. Therefore, this study presents an analysis based on both archival documents and oral history studies regarding the social transformations experienced by Muslims and Christian Armenians in the city. The article evaluates the demographic structure of change in Chungush and its impact on inter-communal relations in light of historical sources. It analyzes how Muslim and Christian Armenian families coexisted in common living spaces, trade cooperation and craftsmanship, and how religious and cultural differences shaped social life. Thus, the relations between the two communities in the context of intercultural interaction are detailed. Although there are many studies on Muslim-Christian relations and on Armenians, no direct study has been conducted in Turkey in the context of intercultural interaction, reflecting the dynamics of the period throughout the country and still has an impact. In fact, there is still no comprehensive study yet that presents Muslim-Christian relations with a holistic approach within the framework of cultural interaction and Armenian events. In this study, in order to contribute to the gap in the literature, the relations between Chungush Muslims and Christian Armenians are generally discussed. In particular, the Armenian issue, which has been constantly discussed, and the situation of Chungush Armenians in this context are examined. Historical data is compared in this context. Documents in the state archives and records in the census books constitute the main source of this study. As a method, the relations between the two communities are examined with the historical-comparative method of the History of Religions, and the development and change processes of these relations are analyzed. The ultimate aim of the study is to reveal the dimension of intercultural interaction by presenting an original perspective to determine the dynamics of cultural interaction, conflicts and reasons for separation between Muslim and Christian Armenian communities in Chungush. It also aims to determine the impact of the Armenian events that took place in the region towards the end of the 19th century on the relations between the two communities. The article is important both in terms of understanding historical events and the dynamics of religious interactions and contributing to the subjects of History of Religions and cultural interaction.

 Müslüman-Hıristiyan ilişkileri, tarih boyunca din, siyaset, kültür ve ekonomi gibi çeşitli alanlarda çok yönlü bir etkileşim ağı oluşturmuştur. Bu ilişkiler, bazen işbirliği ve etkileşim, bazen de kırılma ve ayrışma şeklinde tezahür etmiştir. Her iki dinin kutsal yapısı, inanç sistemlerinde ortak noktalar yaratırken, farklı teolojik yaklaşımlar ise zamanla ayrışmaları beraberinde getirmiştir. Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinin özellikle kültürel ve dinî açıdan önemli merkezlerinden biri olan Çüngüşte uzun yıllar bir arada yaşayan Müslümanlar ile Hıristiyan Ermeniler arasındaki ilişkiler bunun önemli örneklerinden biridir. Bu makale, bölgeye ilk kez yerleştikleri varsayılan dönemden Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarına kadar Çüngüş ilçesinde yaşayan Müslüman ve Hıristiyan Ermeni toplulukları arasındaki ilişkileri tarihsel, toplumsal ve ekonomik bağlarıyla birlikte çok boyutlu bir perspektiften ele almaktadır. Çalışma, tarihi süreç içerisinde sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik etkileşimlerin yanı sıra ülke genelinde meydana gelen Ermeni olayları gibi tarihsel kırılma noktalarının yerel düzeydeki yansımalarını da incelemektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, iki toplum arasındaki benzerlik ve farklılıklar tespit edilerek kültürel etkileşimin boyutunu ortaya koymak amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma, Çüngüşün çok kültürlü yapısını ve farklı etnik-dinî gruplar arasındaki etkileşimi incelemek üzere kapsamlı bir yöntemsel çerçeve sunmaktadır. Ayrıca bu çalışma, çeşitli hâkimiyetlerin idaresindeki toplumsal düzenin bu iki topluluk arasındaki ilişkileri nasıl şekillendirdiğini, özellikle yerel yönetim politikaları, dinî ve kültürel farklılıklar ve ekonomik paylaşım üzerinden tartışmaktadır. Müslümanlar ve Hıristiyan Ermeniler arasındaki ortak yaşam pratikleri, ticarî iş birliği ve gündelik hayattaki etkileşimler detaylandırılırken, aynı zamanda 19. yüzyıldaki gelişmeler, uluslararası baskılar ve Ermeni meselesi bağlamında nasıl değişim gösterdiği de irdelenmektedir. 20. yüzyılın başları itibarıyla yaşanan çatışma, ayrışma ve zorunlu göçlerin Çüngüşteki toplumsal yapıya etkileri de ele alınmaktadır. Özellikle bu yüzyıllarda Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun siyasi yapısındaki değişimler ve dış güçlerin etkileri iki topluluk arasındaki ilişkilere yansımıştır. Çalışmada, tüm bu gelişmelerin iki topluluk üzerindeki özellikle sosyal ve kültürel sonuçları tartışılmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, şehirdeki Müslümanların ve Hıristiyan Ermenilerin yaşadığı toplumsal dönüşümlere ilişkin hem arşiv belgelerine hem de sözlü tarih çalışmalarına dayanan bir analiz sunmaktadır. Çalışma, iki toplum arasındaki benzerlik ve farklılıkları tespit ederek kültürel etkileşimin boyutunu ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında birincil kaynak olarak çoğunlukla devlet arşivlerindeki belgeler ve tahrir defterlerindeki kayıtlardan yararlanılmıştır. Metot olarak, iki toplum arasındaki ilişkiler, Dinler Tarihinin tarihsel-karşılaştırmalı yöntemiyle incelenmiş ve bu ilişkilerin gelişim ve değişim süreçleri analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın nihai amacı, Çüngüşteki Müslüman ve Hıristiyan Ermeni toplulukları arasındaki ayrılık nedenlerini ve kültürel etkileşim dinamiklerini tespit etmeye yönelik özgün bir bakış açısı sunmaktır. Ayrıca 19. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru bölgede meydana gelen Ermeni olaylarının iki toplum arasındaki ilişkilere etkisini tespit etmektir. Makale, hem tarihsel olayları ve dinî etkileşimlerin dinamiklerini anlamak hem de Dinler Tarihi ve kültürel etkileşim konularına katkıda bulunması açısından önem taşımaktadır.

 Muslim-Christian relations have created a multifaceted interaction network in various fields such as religion, politics, culture and economy throughout history. These relationships have sometimes appeared as cooperation and interaction, and sometimes as rupture and divergences. While the sacred structure of both religions has created common points in their belief systems, different theological approaches have also brought about divergences over time. The relations between Muslims and Christian Armenians, who have lived together for many years in Chungush, one of the most important cultural and religious centers of the Southeast Anatolian Region, is an important example of this. This article examines the relations between the Muslim and Christian Armenian communities living in Chungush district from the period when they were assumed to have first s settled in the region to the Ottoman Empire and the early years of the Republic, from a multidimensional perspective of their historical, social and economic connections. In addition to the social, cultural and economic interactions in the historical process, the research also examines the local reflections of historical ruptures, such as the Armenian events that occurred throughout the country. In this context, the study aims to reveal the extent of cultural interaction by identifying the similarities and differences between the two communities. The study provides a comprehensive methodological framework to examine the multicultural structure of Chungush and the interaction between different ethnic and religious groups. Furthermore, this study discusses how the social order under the rule of various sovereignties shaped the relations between these two communities, especially through local administrative policies, religious and cultural differences and economic sharing. While the common life practices, commercial cooperation and interactions in daily life between Muslims and Christian Armenians are detailed, it also examines how they changed in the context of developments in the 19th century, international pressures and the Armenian issue. The effects of conflict, separation and forced migrations on the social structure in Chungush as of the early 20th century are also discussed. Especially in these centuries, the changes in the political structure of the Ottoman Empire and the effects of external powers were reflected in the relations between the two communities. The study discusses the social and cultural consequences of all these developments on the two communities. Therefore, this study presents an analysis based on both archival documents and oral history studies regarding the social transformations experienced by Muslims and Christian Armenians in the city. The article evaluates the demographic structure of change in Chungush and its impact on inter-communal relations in light of historical sources. It analyzes how Muslim and Christian Armenian families coexisted in common living spaces, trade cooperation and craftsmanship, and how religious and cultural differences shaped social life. Thus, the relations between the two communities in the context of intercultural interaction are detailed. Although there are many studies on Muslim-Christian relations and on Armenians, no direct study has been conducted in Turkey in the context of intercultural interaction, reflecting the dynamics of the period throughout the country and still has an impact. In fact, there is still no comprehensive study yet that presents Muslim-Christian relations with a holistic approach within the framework of cultural interaction and Armenian events. In this study, in order to contribute to the gap in the literature, the relations between Chungush Muslims and Christian Armenians are generally discussed. In particular, the Armenian issue, which has been constantly discussed, and the situation of Chungush Armenians in this context are examined. Historical data is compared in this context. Documents in the state archives and records in the census books constitute the main source of this study. As a method, the relations between the two communities are examined with the historical-comparative method of the History of Religions, and the development and change processes of these relations are analyzed. The ultimate aim of the study is to reveal the dimension of intercultural interaction by presenting an original perspective to determine the dynamics of cultural interaction, conflicts and reasons for separation between Muslim and Christian Armenian communities in Chungush. It also aims to determine the impact of the Armenian events that took place in the region towards the end of the 19th century on the relations between the two communities. The article is important both in terms of understanding historical events and the dynamics of religious interactions and contributing to the subjects of History of Religions and cultural interaction.

 Muslim-Christian relations have created a multifaceted interaction network in various fields such as religion, politics, culture and economy throughout history. These relationships have sometimes appeared as cooperation and interaction, and sometimes as rupture and divergences. While the sacred structure of both religions has created common points in their belief systems, different theological approaches have also brought about divergences over time. The relations between Muslims and Christian Armenians, who have lived together for many years in Chungush, one of the most important cultural and religious centers of the Southeast Anatolian Region, is an important example of this. This article examines the relations between the Muslim and Christian Armenian communities living in Chungush district from the period when they were assumed to have first s settled in the region to the Ottoman Empire and the early years of the Republic, from a multidimensional perspective of their historical, social and economic connections. In addition to the social, cultural and economic interactions in the historical process, the research also examines the local reflections of historical ruptures, such as the Armenian events that occurred throughout the country. In this context, the study aims to reveal the extent of cultural interaction by identifying the similarities and differences between the two communities. The study provides a comprehensive methodological framework to examine the multicultural structure of Chungush and the interaction between different ethnic and religious groups. Furthermore, this study discusses how the social order under the rule of various sovereignties shaped the relations between these two communities, especially through local administrative policies, religious and cultural differences and economic sharing. While the common life practices, commercial cooperation and interactions in daily life between Muslims and Christian Armenians are detailed, it also examines how they changed in the context of developments in the 19th century, international pressures and the Armenian issue. The effects of conflict, separation and forced migrations on the social structure in Chungush as of the early 20th century are also discussed. Especially in these centuries, the changes in the political structure of the Ottoman Empire and the effects of external powers were reflected in the relations between the two communities. The study discusses the social and cultural consequences of all these developments on the two communities. Therefore, this study presents an analysis based on both archival documents and oral history studies regarding the social transformations experienced by Muslims and Christian Armenians in the city. The article evaluates the demographic structure of change in Chungush and its impact on inter-communal relations in light of historical sources. It analyzes how Muslim and Christian Armenian families coexisted in common living spaces, trade cooperation and craftsmanship, and how religious and cultural differences shaped social life. Thus, the relations between the two communities in the context of intercultural interaction are detailed. Although there are many studies on Muslim-Christian relations and on Armenians, no direct study has been conducted in Turkey in the context of intercultural interaction, reflecting the dynamics of the period throughout the country and still has an impact. In fact, there is still no comprehensive study yet that presents Muslim-Christian relations with a holistic approach within the framework of cultural interaction and Armenian events. In this study, in order to contribute to the gap in the literature, the relations between Chungush Muslims and Christian Armenians are generally discussed. In particular, the Armenian issue, which has been constantly discussed, and the situation of Chungush Armenians in this context are examined. Historical data is compared in this context. Documents in the state archives and records in the census books constitute the main source of this study. As a method, the relations between the two communities are examined with the historical-comparative method of the History of Religions, and the development and change processes of these relations are analyzed. The ultimate aim of the study is to reveal the dimension of intercultural interaction by presenting an original perspective to determine the dynamics of cultural interaction, conflicts and reasons for separation between Muslim and Christian Armenian communities in Chungush. It also aims to determine the impact of the Armenian events that took place in the region towards the end of the 19th century on the relations between the two communities. The article is important both in terms of understanding historical events and the dynamics of religious interactions and contributing to the subjects of History of Religions and cultural interaction.

Makale detayları

Muslim-Christian Relations in the Context of Intercultural Interaction and Armenian Events: Chungush Muslims and Christians

Yazarlar:

Aykut Özer

Yayıncı:

Ordu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hrıstiyanlık Araştırmaları | Karşılaştırmalı Dini Araştırmalar | İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi:

Ordu İlahiyat Issue 4, pp.1-22

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001343665

pISSN:

3062-0287

History of Religion

Christian

Muslim

Chungush

Armenian

Genocide

Church

CultureDinler Tarihi

Hıristiyan

Müslüman

Çüngüş

Ermeni

Soykırım

Kilise

Kültür

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Aykut Özer

Yayıncı: Ordu University

Ana Başlıklar: Hrıstiyanlık Araştırmaları | Karşılaştırmalı Dini Araştırmalar | İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi: Ordu İlahiyat Issue 4, pp.1-22

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 3/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001343665

pISSN: 3062-0287

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Aykut Özer

Yayıncı:

Ordu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hrıstiyanlık Araştırmaları | Karşılaştırmalı Dini Araştırmalar | İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi:

Ordu İlahiyat Issue 4, pp.1-22

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001343665

pISSN:

3062-0287