Neoliberal Transformations in Employment: A Critical Evaluation of the Socio-Economic Context, Processing Mechanisms and Results of Temporary Agency Working

Özlem Irmak Balkız

Makale detayları

Neoliberal Transformations in Employment: A Critical Evaluation of the Socio-Economic Context, Processing Mechanisms and Results of Temporary Agency Working

Yazarlar:

Özlem Irmak Balkız

Yayıncı:

Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University

Ana Başlıklar:

İşletme

Dergi:

Bucak İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.6 Issue 1, pp.32-63

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

4/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001288861

pISSN:

2687-3826

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In the capitalism becoming deregulated and unorganized under the effects of global and neoliberal transformations, employment and working models also differ. Employment relationships, which have been under the sole control of the public until approx. the 1980s, were involved in the liberalization and privatization process in the following years. Standard employment model, in which workers are employed by protecting their social rights in a full- time contract for an indefinite term for a single employer, has been weakened in various forms. This model was replaced with other models, which are based on the flexibility of labor, such as conditioned employment, half-time employment, or those based on agency. These new organizations in employment make temporary, unorganized, precarious and deregulated employment a norm. Temporary or hired worker recruiting practices through employment intermediaries which were seen in Western Europe and Northern America in the 1990s, are becoming more widespread throughout the world. The present study analyzes the socioeconomic context, processing mechanisms, and results of temporary agency employment, which has become a global industry. Liberalization and privatization of employment by excluding it from public policy pawed the way for temporary agency employment. The popularization of temporary employment based on the agency created a temporary employment market and a global-scale industry. Client companies working with an agency prefer agency employment to rapidly adapt to demand fluctuations in the market, save from expenses, and find the most suitable employees for the most suitable jobs. Workers from different social categories and seeking for employment apply to agencies in order to be articulated in employment in any way, to transition from temps to perms position or to access high-quality jobs. Jobs, which are accessed through agencies, are generally instable and precarious ones not requiring high qualifications. Agencies aiming to keep workers within the walls of labor market rather than providing them with permanent and secured jobs create and precarious employment model.

 In the capitalism becoming deregulated and unorganized under the effects of global and neoliberal transformations, employment and working models also differ. Employment relationships, which have been under the sole control of the public until approx. the 1980s, were involved in the liberalization and privatization process in the following years. Standard employment model, in which workers are employed by protecting their social rights in a full- time contract for an indefinite term for a single employer, has been weakened in various forms. This model was replaced with other models, which are based on the flexibility of labor, such as conditioned employment, half-time employment, or those based on agency. These new organizations in employment make temporary, unorganized, precarious and deregulated employment a norm. Temporary or hired worker recruiting practices through employment intermediaries which were seen in Western Europe and Northern America in the 1990s, are becoming more widespread throughout the world. The present study analyzes the socioeconomic context, processing mechanisms, and results of temporary agency employment, which has become a global industry. Liberalization and privatization of employment by excluding it from public policy pawed the way for temporary agency employment. The popularization of temporary employment based on the agency created a temporary employment market and a global-scale industry. Client companies working with an agency prefer agency employment to rapidly adapt to demand fluctuations in the market, save from expenses, and find the most suitable employees for the most suitable jobs. Workers from different social categories and seeking for employment apply to agencies in order to be articulated in employment in any way, to transition from temps to perms position or to access high-quality jobs. Jobs, which are accessed through agencies, are generally instable and precarious ones not requiring high qualifications. Agencies aiming to keep workers within the walls of labor market rather than providing them with permanent and secured jobs create and precarious employment model.

 In the capitalism becoming deregulated and unorganized under the effects of global and neoliberal transformations, employment and working models also differ. Employment relationships, which have been under the sole control of the public until approx. the 1980s, were involved in the liberalization and privatization process in the following years. Standard employment model, in which workers are employed by protecting their social rights in a full- time contract for an indefinite term for a single employer, has been weakened in various forms. This model was replaced with other models, which are based on the flexibility of labor, such as conditioned employment, half-time employment, or those based on agency. These new organizations in employment make temporary, unorganized, precarious and deregulated employment a norm. Temporary or hired worker recruiting practices through employment intermediaries which were seen in Western Europe and Northern America in the 1990s, are becoming more widespread throughout the world. The present study analyzes the socioeconomic context, processing mechanisms, and results of temporary agency employment, which has become a global industry. Liberalization and privatization of employment by excluding it from public policy pawed the way for temporary agency employment. The popularization of temporary employment based on the agency created a temporary employment market and a global-scale industry. Client companies working with an agency prefer agency employment to rapidly adapt to demand fluctuations in the market, save from expenses, and find the most suitable employees for the most suitable jobs. Workers from different social categories and seeking for employment apply to agencies in order to be articulated in employment in any way, to transition from temps to perms position or to access high-quality jobs. Jobs, which are accessed through agencies, are generally instable and precarious ones not requiring high qualifications. Agencies aiming to keep workers within the walls of labor market rather than providing them with permanent and secured jobs create and precarious employment model.

 Küresel ve neoliberal dönüşümlerin etkisiyle esnekleşen, kuralsızlaşan ve örgütsüzleşen kapitalizmde istihdam ve çalışma modelleri de farklılaşmaktadır. Kabaca 1980lere kadar kamunun tekelinde olan istihdam ilişkileri, izleyen yıllarda serbestleştirme ve özelleştirme sürecine dahil olmuştur. Standart bir iş sözleşmesiyle işçilerin tek bir işverene bağlı olarak, belirsiz süreyle, tam-zamanlı bir işte sosyal hakları güvence altına alınarak çalıştırıldığı standart istihdam modeli çeşitli şekillerde zayıflatılmıştır. Bunun yerini işgücü esnekliğinin esas alındığı yarı-zamanlı, aracılığa dayalı ya da koşullu istihdam gibi yeni modeller almıştır. İstihdamdaki bu yeni yapılanmalar, geçici, güvencesiz, örgütsüz ve kuralsız çalışmayı bir norm haline getirmektedir. 1990lı yıllarda Batı Avrupa ve Kuzey Amerikada görülen istihdam aracıları yoluyla geçici ya da kiralık işçi çalıştırma pratikleri dünya çapında yaygınlaşmaktadır. Bu makalenin amacı günümüzde küresel bir endüstri halini almış olan geçici acente istihdamını sosyo-ekonomik bağlamı, işleyiş mekanizmaları ve sonuçlarıyla birlikte analiz etmektir. İstihdamın kamu politikasından çıkarılarak özelleştirilmesi ve serbestleştirilmesi, geçici acente istihdamına kapı aralamıştır. Geçici ve aracılığa dayalı işçi çalıştırmanın yaygınlaşması, geçici bir istihdam piyasasını ve küresel çapta bir endüstriyi yaratmıştır. Acenteye bağlı çalışan müşteri firmalar genellikle piyasadaki talep dalgalanmalarına hızla uyarlanabilmek, maliyetten tasarruf etmek, en uygun işlerle en uygun işçileri buluşturabilmek için acente istihdamına yönelmektedir. İş arayan çeşitli sosyal kategorilerdeki işçiler ise bir şekilde istihdama eklemlenebilmek, geçicilikten daimî çalışan pozisyonuna sıçrayabilmek ya da yüksek vasıflı işlere erişebilmek için acentelere başvurmaktadır. Acente aracılığıyla erişilen işler genellikle istikrarsız, güvencesiz ve yüksek vasıf gerektirmeyen işlerdir. İşçileri daimi ve güvenceli bir istihdama kavuşturmak yerine onları emek piyasasının çeperlerinde tutma amacını güden acenteler ise güvencesiz bir istihdam modeli yaratmaktadır.

Makale detayları

Neoliberal Transformations in Employment: A Critical Evaluation of the Socio-Economic Context, Processing Mechanisms and Results of Temporary Agency Working

Yazarlar:

Özlem Irmak Balkız

Yayıncı:

Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University

Ana Başlıklar:

İşletme

Dergi:

Bucak İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.6 Issue 1, pp.32-63

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

4/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001288861

pISSN:

2687-3826

Neoliberal Transformation of Employment

Private Employment Agencies

Temporary Employment Agencies

Temporary Employment Industry

Precarity.İstihdamın Neoliberal Dönüşümü

Özel İstihdam Büroları

Geçici İstihdam Acenteleri

Geçici İstihdam Endüstrisi

Güvencesizlik

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Özlem Irmak Balkız

Yayıncı: Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University

Ana Başlıklar: İşletme

Dergi: Bucak İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.6 Issue 1, pp.32-63

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 4/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001288861

pISSN: 2687-3826

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Özlem Irmak Balkız

Yayıncı:

Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University

Ana Başlıklar:

İşletme

Dergi:

Bucak İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.6 Issue 1, pp.32-63

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

4/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001288861

pISSN:

2687-3826