Material Characterization and Damage Assessment of Byzantine Rock-Cut Monastery: A Case Study of Kiyikoy Hagia Nicholas

Şerife Özata; Büşra Aktürk; Engin Aktürk

Makale detayları

Material Characterization and Damage Assessment of Byzantine Rock-Cut Monastery: A Case Study of Kiyikoy Hagia Nicholas

Yazarlar:

Şerife Özata | Büşra Aktürk | Engin Aktürk

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sanat Tarihi

Dergi:

Art-Sanat Issue 21, pp.529-563

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2024

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001311683

pISSN:

2148-3582

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Rock-cut historical structures have been constructed worldwide for various functions throughout history, including during the Byzantine Empire. The Kiyikoy Hagia Nicholas Monastery is an exceptional one of the surviving rock-hewn buildings in the Thrace Region. It has a basilical plan and was constructed in the Early Byzantine Period. The study goals are to provide original material characterization, suggestions for damage prevention and conservation measures for rock-cut structures of Byzantine architecture through this monastery case. Therefore, firstly the distinct architectural style of the building was revealed through a comprehensive analysis and by comparing it with similar structures. Then, a damage reconnaissance was performed and material samples were subjected to mechanical, physical, and chemical analyses and acid treatment experiments. Investigations focused on identifying the original materials and understanding the reasons for various decay and damage types observed in the monastery. Proposals for materials compatible with the original material, considering physical, mechanical, and chemical properties, were developed. The effectiveness of the characterization methods was explained. To prevent the effect of cracks, which is the main structural damage, constructing strengthening structural elements by using suitable materials was recommended. For non-structural damages, the removal of moisture in the main rock was recommended, and possible actions for surface cleaning, conservation and consolidation were described. It is concluded that the documentation, diagnostic and restoration steps developed for this monastery can be applied to similar Byzantine rock-cut structures.

 Rock-cut historical structures have been constructed worldwide for various functions throughout history, including during the Byzantine Empire. The Kiyikoy Hagia Nicholas Monastery is an exceptional one of the surviving rock-hewn buildings in the Thrace Region. It has a basilical plan and was constructed in the Early Byzantine Period. The study goals are to provide original material characterization, suggestions for damage prevention and conservation measures for rock-cut structures of Byzantine architecture through this monastery case. Therefore, firstly the distinct architectural style of the building was revealed through a comprehensive analysis and by comparing it with similar structures. Then, a damage reconnaissance was performed and material samples were subjected to mechanical, physical, and chemical analyses and acid treatment experiments. Investigations focused on identifying the original materials and understanding the reasons for various decay and damage types observed in the monastery. Proposals for materials compatible with the original material, considering physical, mechanical, and chemical properties, were developed. The effectiveness of the characterization methods was explained. To prevent the effect of cracks, which is the main structural damage, constructing strengthening structural elements by using suitable materials was recommended. For non-structural damages, the removal of moisture in the main rock was recommended, and possible actions for surface cleaning, conservation and consolidation were described. It is concluded that the documentation, diagnostic and restoration steps developed for this monastery can be applied to similar Byzantine rock-cut structures.

 Rock-cut historical structures have been constructed worldwide for various functions throughout history, including during the Byzantine Empire. The Kiyikoy Hagia Nicholas Monastery is an exceptional one of the surviving rock-hewn buildings in the Thrace Region. It has a basilical plan and was constructed in the Early Byzantine Period. The study goals are to provide original material characterization, suggestions for damage prevention and conservation measures for rock-cut structures of Byzantine architecture through this monastery case. Therefore, firstly the distinct architectural style of the building was revealed through a comprehensive analysis and by comparing it with similar structures. Then, a damage reconnaissance was performed and material samples were subjected to mechanical, physical, and chemical analyses and acid treatment experiments. Investigations focused on identifying the original materials and understanding the reasons for various decay and damage types observed in the monastery. Proposals for materials compatible with the original material, considering physical, mechanical, and chemical properties, were developed. The effectiveness of the characterization methods was explained. To prevent the effect of cracks, which is the main structural damage, constructing strengthening structural elements by using suitable materials was recommended. For non-structural damages, the removal of moisture in the main rock was recommended, and possible actions for surface cleaning, conservation and consolidation were described. It is concluded that the documentation, diagnostic and restoration steps developed for this monastery can be applied to similar Byzantine rock-cut structures.

 Tarihî kaya oyma yapılar, Bizans İmparatorluğu Dönemi de dâhil olmak üzere tarih boyunca çeşitli işlevler için inşa edilmiş eserlerdir. Kıyıköy Aya Nikola Manastırı, Trakya Bölgesinde inşa edilen ve günümüze ulaşan nadir kaya oyma yapılardan biridir. Erken Bizans Döneminde inşa edilmiştir ve bazilikal planlıdır. Bu çalışmada manastır örneği üzerinden Bizans mimarisi kaya oyma yapıları için özgün malzeme karakterizasyonu, hasar önleme önerileri ve koruma önlemleri oluşturmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu sebeple, öncelikle yapının kendine özgü mimarisi kapsamlı bir analiz ve benzer yapılarla karşılaştırma yoluyla ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Sonrasında hasar tespiti yapılmış ve malzeme örneklerinde mekanik, fiziksel, kimyasal analizler ve asit kaybı deneyleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmalarda özgün malzemenin tanımlanması ve manastırda gözlemlenen çeşitli bozulma ve hasar türlerinin sebeplerinin anlaşılmasına odaklanılmıştır. Fiziksel, mekanik ve kimyasal özellikler dikkate alınarak orijinal malzeme ile uyumlu malzeme önerileri geliştirilmiştir. Karakterizasyon yöntemlerinin etkinliği açıklanmıştır. Temel yapısal hasar olan çatlakların etkilerini önlemek için uygun malzemeler kullanılarak sağlamlaştırma elemanlarının inşa edilmesi önerilmektedir. Yapısal olmayan hasarlar için ana kayadaki nem sorunlarının giderilmesi tavsiye edilmiş ve yüzey temizleme, koruma ve sağlamlaştırma için yapılabilecek çalışmalar aktarılmıştır. Bu manastır için geliştirilen belgeleme, teşhis ve restorasyon adımlarının benzer Bizans kaya oyma yapılarında uygulanabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Makale detayları

Material Characterization and Damage Assessment of Byzantine Rock-Cut Monastery: A Case Study of Kiyikoy Hagia Nicholas

Yazarlar:

Şerife Özata | Büşra Aktürk | Engin Aktürk

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sanat Tarihi

Dergi:

Art-Sanat Issue 21, pp.529-563

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2024

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001311683

pISSN:

2148-3582

Byzantine rock-cut heritage

Damage

Material characterization

Chemical analyses

Holistic conservationHasar

Malzeme karakterizasyonu

Kimyasal analizler

Bütüncül koruma

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Şerife Özata | Büşra Aktürk | Engin Aktürk

Yayıncı: Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar: Sanat Tarihi

Dergi: Art-Sanat Issue 21, pp.529-563

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 1/2024

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2001311683

pISSN: 2148-3582

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Şerife Özata | Büşra Aktürk | Engin Aktürk

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sanat Tarihi

Dergi:

Art-Sanat Issue 21, pp.529-563

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2024

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001311683

pISSN:

2148-3582