Tokens Used in the Letoon Sanctuary: Society, Religious Ceremonies and Governance in the Light of Tokens

Banu Özdilek

Makale detayları

Tokens Used in the Letoon Sanctuary: Society, Religious Ceremonies and Governance in the Light of Tokens

Yazarlar:

Banu Özdilek

Yayıncı:

Akdeniz University

Ana Başlıklar:

Yunan ve Roma Dönemi Arkeolojisi

Dergi:

Cedrus Vol.12, pp.45-62

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

11/2024

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319288

pISSN:

2147-8058

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Tokens are objects that provide a lot of information about the material structure of the society, the form of administration, rituals, festivals and beliefs that constitute social relations evidenced through tokens from prehistoric times to the present day. Tokens of different materials and designs are called tesserae, spintriae, symbola, voting tokens, countermarks under the moneti form. The functions of these tokens, which have been found in different archaeological excavations, sometimes singularly and sometimes in large numbers, have not been subject to much focused research. In this study, 179 terracotta tokens recovered from the Lycian sanctuary of Letoon in the 1970s were analysed. The tokens were discovered during the excavation depot works carried out in 2016 and 2018 and studied by the author. There is no information about the detailed findspot, context, stratigraphy of the tokens and they are not mentioned in the excavation reports. The majority of the tickets were recovered from the terrace area in front of the theatre furnacatum vault. It is suggested that the tokens recovered from the Letoon may have served more than one function. Some of the tokens are marked, others have numbers or monograms on them. The fact that the tokens were recovered from an area close to the theatre, where Romania Letoia festivals and agonistic performances were held, and which was also used as a council building, suggests that these little-studied objects may have had a wide variety of uses for the sanctuary.

 Tokens are objects that provide a lot of information about the material structure of the society, the form of administration, rituals, festivals and beliefs that constitute social relations evidenced through tokens from prehistoric times to the present day. Tokens of different materials and designs are called tesserae, spintriae, symbola, voting tokens, countermarks under the moneti form. The functions of these tokens, which have been found in different archaeological excavations, sometimes singularly and sometimes in large numbers, have not been subject to much focused research. In this study, 179 terracotta tokens recovered from the Lycian sanctuary of Letoon in the 1970s were analysed. The tokens were discovered during the excavation depot works carried out in 2016 and 2018 and studied by the author. There is no information about the detailed findspot, context, stratigraphy of the tokens and they are not mentioned in the excavation reports. The majority of the tickets were recovered from the terrace area in front of the theatre furnacatum vault. It is suggested that the tokens recovered from the Letoon may have served more than one function. Some of the tokens are marked, others have numbers or monograms on them. The fact that the tokens were recovered from an area close to the theatre, where Romania Letoia festivals and agonistic performances were held, and which was also used as a council building, suggests that these little-studied objects may have had a wide variety of uses for the sanctuary.

 Tokens are objects that provide a lot of information about the material structure of the society, the form of administration, rituals, festivals and beliefs that constitute social relations evidenced through tokens from prehistoric times to the present day. Tokens of different materials and designs are called tesserae, spintriae, symbola, voting tokens, countermarks under the moneti form. The functions of these tokens, which have been found in different archaeological excavations, sometimes singularly and sometimes in large numbers, have not been subject to much focused research. In this study, 179 terracotta tokens recovered from the Lycian sanctuary of Letoon in the 1970s were analysed. The tokens were discovered during the excavation depot works carried out in 2016 and 2018 and studied by the author. There is no information about the detailed findspot, context, stratigraphy of the tokens and they are not mentioned in the excavation reports. The majority of the tickets were recovered from the terrace area in front of the theatre furnacatum vault. It is suggested that the tokens recovered from the Letoon may have served more than one function. Some of the tokens are marked, others have numbers or monograms on them. The fact that the tokens were recovered from an area close to the theatre, where Romania Letoia festivals and agonistic performances were held, and which was also used as a council building, suggests that these little-studied objects may have had a wide variety of uses for the sanctuary.

 Jetonlar, tarih öncesi çağlardan günümüze toplumsal ilişkileri oluşturan toplumun maddi yapısı, yönetim biçimi, ritüelleri, festivalleri, inançları hakkında pek çok bilgi veren materyallerdir. Farklı malzeme ve tasarımlara sahip jetonlar, moneti form altında tesserae, spintriae, symbola, oy jetonları, countermark olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Arkeolojik kazılarda bazen tekil bazen de çok sayıda ele geçen bu jetonların işlevleri üzerinde çok fazla durulmamıştır. Bu çalışmada, 1970 li yıllarda Lykianın kutsal alanı Letoondan ele geçen 179 adet pişmiş toprak jeton incelenmiştir. Jetonlar, 2016 ve 2018 yıllarında gerçekleştirilen kazı deposu çalışmaları sırasında keşfedilmiş ve yazar tarafından çalışılmıştır. Jetonların detaylı buluntu alanı, konteksti, stratigrafisi hakkında bilgi bulunmamaktadır ve kazı raporlarında jetonlardan bahsedilmemiştir. Jetonların büyük bir çoğunluğu tiyatro furnicatum tonozunun önündeki teras alanından ele geçmiştir. İncelenen jetonlardan bazıları işaretlidir. Letoondan ele geçen jetonların da birden fazla kullanım amacı olabileceği ileri sürülmektedir. Jetonların bazıları işaretlenmiştir bazılarının da üzerinde sayı ya da monogram bulunur. Jetonların, Romaia Letoia festivalleri ile agonistik gösterilerin yapıldığı, ayrıca meclis binası işlevi ile de kullanılan tiyatroya yakın bir bölgeden, topluca ele geçmesi, az çalışılmış bu objelerin kutsal alan için çok çeşitli kullanımları olabileceğini göstermektedir.

Makale detayları

Tokens Used in the Letoon Sanctuary: Society, Religious Ceremonies and Governance in the Light of Tokens

Yazarlar:

Banu Özdilek

Yayıncı:

Akdeniz University

Ana Başlıklar:

Yunan ve Roma Dönemi Arkeolojisi

Dergi:

Cedrus Vol.12, pp.45-62

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

11/2024

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319288

pISSN:

2147-8058

Token

Letoon Sacred Area

Theaters of Lycia

Festival-Agon

CultJeton

Letoon Kutsal Alanı

Lykia Tiyatroları

Festival-Agon

Cult

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Banu Özdilek

Yayıncı: Akdeniz University

Ana Başlıklar: Yunan ve Roma Dönemi Arkeolojisi

Dergi: Cedrus Vol.12, pp.45-62

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 11/2024

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2001319288

pISSN: 2147-8058

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Banu Özdilek

Yayıncı:

Akdeniz University

Ana Başlıklar:

Yunan ve Roma Dönemi Arkeolojisi

Dergi:

Cedrus Vol.12, pp.45-62

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

11/2024

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319288

pISSN:

2147-8058